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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (8)
  • E-Books: DFG German National Licenses
  • Lepidoptera  (4)
  • Organic Chemistry  (4)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of food plant on phenotypic plasticity in the tropical butterfly Bicyclus anynana (1996)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 80 (1996), S. 149-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Satyridae ; wing pattern induction ; food plant quality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194745
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Roles of amino acids, protein, and fiber in leaf-feeding resistance of corn to the fall armyworm (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 1977-1995 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Fall armyworm ; Spodoptera frugiperda ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; corn ; Zea mays ; plant-insect interaction ; amino acids ; herbivory ; feeding resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The free amino acids have been shown by isolational work and choice bioassays to be more important than all other factors evaluated in defining leaf-feeding resistance of corn (Zea mays L.) to fall armyworm (FAW) [(Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith)] larvae. 6-MBOA (6-methoxybenzoxazolinone) and maysin, toxins present in corn, were shown not to be significant factors for leaf-feeding resistance to first-instar FAW larvae because of their low concentrations in the whorl. Amino acid analysis showed that while the ratios of the essential amino acids in susceptible (S) and resistant (R) lines were similar, there were differences in the nonessential amino acids, particularly aspartic acid, which was higher in R lines. Also, the ratio of essential amino acids to nonessential amino acids was important, being too low in expressed whorl leaf juice (obtained from V8–V10 growth stage plants) to support larval growth, although juice was stimulatory in choice tests. The total protein content of whorls in S lines was about 15% higher than in R lines, but the significance of this difference is uncertain, because nutritional tests showed that larval growth increased with total protein only up to 12% protein. Sugars were only slightly stimulatory. Thus, the amino acids along with higher hemicellulose content of R lines, established by us earlier, appear to explain much of the basis of resistance in corn to larval leaf-feeding of the FAW.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020510
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Arrestant responses of southwestern corn borer larvae to free amino acids: Structure-activity relationships (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 19 (1993), S. 301-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Southwestern corn borer ; Diatraea grandiosella Dyar ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; corn ; Zea mays L. ; plant-insect interaction ; amino acids ; sugars ; herbivory ; feeding resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The leaf-feeding resistance of corn or maizeZea mays L. to the southwestern corn borer, SWCB,Diatraea grandiosella Dyar has been attributed at least in part to decreased protein, increased crude fiber, and increased hemicellulose in the whorls of resistant genotypes. In this study, individual amino acids and sugars were evaluated as arrestants, with the objective of identifying those that gave weak or negative responses. Several structure-activity relationships were identified. Larvae responded to three-carbonn alkyl alpha amino acids more than to two-, four-, five-, and six-carbon compounds. Amino acids with terminal isopropyl functions gave decreased responses relative to theirn-alkyl counterparts. Dicarboxylic acids and their amides gave the lowest responses of all classes of amino acids. The normally occurring basic amino acids were all good arrestants. The guanido [HN:C(NH2)NH-] function was somewhat important to an arrestant response, as was the number of methylenes between the alpha and omega amino functions of diaminon-alkyl amino acids. Hydroxy amino acids were generally good arrestants unless the hydroxyl was located on a ring system. The two sugars present in expressed corn whorl juice, glucose and fructose, gave poor responses. However, two other sugars, mannose and arabinose, whose C-2 hydroxyls are conformationally in the axial position, were strongly arrestant. Formulated amino acid mixtures based on their content in whorl juice were as strong arrestants as whorl juice. However, the relative contributions of amino acids and sugars that are weak arrestants to the resistance of corn to SWCB larvae is uncertain because amino acid analyses did not reveal significantly higher contents of these amino acids in the whorl juices of resistant lines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00993697
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacodynamics of some individual milkweed cardenolides fed to larvae of the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus L.) (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 6 (1980), S. 321-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Cardenolides ; monarch butterfly ; Danaus plexippus L. ; Lepidoptera ; Danaidae ; storage ; regulation ; metabolism ; uscharidin ; calactin ; calotropin ; uzarigenin ; digitoxigenin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Adult monarch butterflies,Danaus plexippus L. (Lepidoptera: Danaidae), store only some of the cardenolides present in the larval milkweed (Asclepiadaceae) host. Feeding known doses of individual cardenolides to 4th instar monarch larvae led to more efficient larval tissue incorporation at low doses than at high ones, and favored storage of cardenolide glycosides over genins. A qualitative regulation also occurs during larval feeding; calactin and calotropin were stored as such but uscharidin was rapidly converted to a mixture of calactin and calotropin which were the forms stored by the larvae. Two genins, uzarigenin and digitoxigenin, were stored by larvae as polar cardenolide metabolites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01402911
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Short Communications. Biphenyl-3,4′-Dinitrene (1991)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 4 (1991), S. 459-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Photolysis of biphenyl-3,4′ -diazide in a rigid glassy matrix at 77 K yields quintet state biphenyl-3,4′ -dinitrene with zero-field splitting parameters of |D/hc- = 0.153 cm-1 and |E/hc| = 0.019 cm-1 determined by electron spin resonance spectroscopic studies. Curie plot studies are consistent with assigning the quintet to be the ground state in this species. This finding confirms qualitative connectivity-based predictions for this general connectivity type of openshell system, and is in qualitative agreement with spectral INDO-CI computational predictions for both planar and twisted geometries of the dinitrene.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610040708
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zero-field splitting versus interelectronic distance in triplet electron spin resonance spectra of localized dinitrenes (1993)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 6 (1993), S. 483-487 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Triplet zero-field splitting parameters were obtained in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran glass at 77 K for phenylene-1,4-dinitrene (1), biphenyl-4,4′-dinitrene (2), (E)-1,2-bis(4′-nitrenophenyl)ethene (3), 1,4-bis(4′-nitrenophenyl)buta-1,3-diene (4) and 1,8-bis(4′-nitrenophenyl)octa-1,3,5,7-tetraene (5). The results were (1) |D/hc| = 0·169 cm-1 |E/hc| = 0·004 cm-1, (2) |D/hc| = 0·189 cm-1, |E/hc| = 0·00 cm-1, (3) |D/hc| = 0·122 cm-1, |E/hc| = 0·00 cm-1, (4) |D/hc| = 0·0865 cm-1, |E/hc| = 0·00 cm-1 and (5) |D/hc| = 0·0442 cm-1, |E/hc| = 0·00 cm-1. All these biradicals are ground-state singlets. Based on the observed decrease in triplet signal intensities as temperature decreases. The substantial magnitudes of |D/hc| for 3-5, despite the large distance between localized nitrene electrons, is much more than can be explained by a simple dipolar interaction between localized electrons, and is attributed at least partly to spin polarization effects on the π-electron clouds of these systems.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610060807
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intramolecular exchange coupling of arylnitrenes by OXYGEN (1994)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 7 (1994), S. 495-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A series of m,n′-diazidodiphenyl ethers (m ≤ n, m = 3,4; n = 3,4) was photolyzed at 77 K in frozen, glassy 2-methyltetrahydrofuran matrices to generate the corresponding diphenyl ether m,n′-dinitrenes for study by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. 3,4′-Diazidodiphenyl ether gave an ESR spectrum dominated by a mononitrene peak with ∣D/hc∣ = 0·972 cm-1, and also showed a weak dinitrene quintet spectrum with ∣D/hc∣ = 0·162 cm-1 having ESR spectral intensity vs temperature dependence (Curie law) consistent with either a high-spin ground state or a very small singlet-quintet gap. Di(3-azidophenyl) ether gave a strong mononitrene peak with ∣D/hc∣ = 0·996 cm-1 and a quintet dinitrene ESR spectrum (∣D/hc∣ = 0·162 cm-1) which exhibited non-linear Curie law intensity behavior consistent with the quintet being a thermally populated excited state 40 cal mol-1 above a singlet ground state. Di(4-azidophenyl) ether gave a strong mononitrene peak with ∣D/hc∣ = 0·961 cm-1, but no observable spectrum related to a high-spin open-shell dinitrene. The results are consistent with oxygen being a weak exchange coupling linker in pi-conjugated open-shell molecules. The observed ground-state spin multiplicities are in accord with qualitative superexchange and connectivity models, despite any perturbations due to resonance effects between the oxygen linker and p-nitrene sites.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610070905
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enthalpies of micelle formation by hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide in aqueous solution containing pentanol (1995)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 8 (1995), S. 108-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Titration calorimetric data show a dramatic change from endo- to exothermic deaggregation when pentanol-hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) mixed solutions are injected into an aqueous solution containing pentanol. The results are interpreted in terms of a change in the structures of the aggregates in solution from simple CTAB micelles to mixed amphiphilic microheterogeneities when pentanol is added.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610080210
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