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Induction and recovery characteristics of desflurane and halothane anaesthesia in paediatric outpatients (1994)

WELBORN, LEILA G. ; HANNALLAH, RAAFAT S. ; McGILL, WILLIS A. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Pediatric anesthesia 4 (1994), S. 0

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ISSN: 1460-9592

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Medicine

Notes: This study compares induction and recovery characteristics of desflurane and halothane in children undergoing elective outpatient surgery (hernia repair, circumcision and orchidopexy). Fifty-six patients one month to 12 years of age were randomly assigned to one of three study groups. In addition to nitrous oxide, group I received desflurane (D) for induction and maintenance; group II received halothane (H) for induction and desflurane for maintenance; and group III received halothane for induction and maintenance. All patients received caudal blocks at the end of surgery. There was no significant difference in induction time (mean ± SD) among the three groups (1.7 ± 0.5, 1.7 ± 0.5 and 1.0 ± 0.5 min for groups I, II and III respectively). Airway complications (coughing, breath holding, and laryngospasm) were significantly higher among the children induced with desflurane than among either of the halothane induction groups. Premedication had no effect on reducing the number of airway complications. Emergence and recovery times (mean ± SD) were significantly shorter among both desflurane maintenance groups (3.6 ± 1.7 and 11 ± 8 min) than among the group maintained on halothane (7.9 ± 3.5 and 29.9 ± 10.6 min respectively). A brief halothane induction did not compromise the fast recovery characteristics of desflurane. There was no difference among the groups in time to discharge home (approx. 3 h). This study confirms the value of desflurane as a maintenance agent in paediatric anaesthesia. In our patients, a brief halothane induction did not compromise the fast recovery characteristics of desflurane.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9592.1994.tb00409.x

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Rosat X-ray observations of the WR stars HD 50896 (WN5) andγ velorum (WC8+O9I) (1994)

Willis, A. J. ; Schild, H. ; Howarth, I. D. ; [et al.]

Springer

Astrophysics and space science 221 (1994), S. 321-332

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ISSN: 1572-946X

Keywords: stars:Wolf-Rayet ; stars:X-rays ; stars:colliding winds

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Physics

Notes: Abstract We present a preliminary analysis of multiple X-ray (0.1–2.5 keV) observations of HD 50896 andγ Velorum obtained with theROSAT satellite. For HD 50896, our 8 observations show variability at the 30% level on timescales of ∼ 1 day, together with larger (× 1.7) epoch-changes, but no evidence for rapid variability. No phase-dependent modulation is apparent on the 3d.766 optical period. The mean PSPC spectrum gives kT = 0.28 keV, log N(H) = 20.6, and Lx = 3.8 × 1032 erg s−1, and implies that the observed X-rays have undergone little absorption in the WN5 wind. Forγ Velorum, we have 13 observations secured over several cycles in the 78d.5 binary period. At most binary phases, the X-ray emission is relatively constant, with kT ≃ 0.19 keV, log N(H) = 20.2, and Lx = 2.5 × 1031 erg s−1. Near orbital phase 0.5, the X-ray emission is enhanced by a factor of 4, due almost entirely to an additional harder component with kT ≥ 2 keV. We believe this is due to X-ray emission produced in the collision of the two stellar winds.