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Apolipoprotein E, Plaques, Tangles and Cholinergic Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease (1996)

BEFFERT, U. ; POIRIER, J.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 777 (1996), S. 0

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ISSN: 1749-6632

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Natural Sciences in General

Notes: Apolipoprotein E is a plasma cholesterol and phospholipid transporter which plays a central role in lipoprotein metabolism in the brain. Apolipoprotein E is a polymorphic protein with three common alleles in the general population, designated ε2, ε3 and ε4 coding for proteins ApoE2, ApoE3 and ApoE4, respectively. Recent findings have demonstrated a significant relationship between the ε4 allele and late onset familial and sporadic Alzheimer's disease. We examined several classical neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease to determine whether they might be related to apolipoprotein E genotype: the presence of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, extracellular senile plaques, and the attenuation of choline acetyltransferase activity. Significant correlations were found between ε4 allele copy number and senile plaque density in the frontal, parietal and fusiform cortical areas. Similarly, significant correlations were also found with increased neurofibrillary tangle number in the frontal and fusiform cortex. Interestingly, there was an inverse correlation between the ε4 allele with temporal cortical choline acetyltransferase activity. To further define the specific function of ApoE4, cultured rat hippocampal neurons were used to investigate interactions involving β-amyloid protein. In this model, ApoE4 (but not ApoE2) was able to reverse the neuroprotective effects of β-amyloid. ApoE3 was demonstrated to increase the internalization of β-amyloid peptide into these neurons. Taken together, these results support the involvement of ApoE4 in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and also provide some explanations for the possible function of this protein.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb34415.x

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Dislocations in CaTiO3 perovskite deformed at high-temperature: a transmission electron microscopy study (1996)

Besson, P. ; Poirier, J. P. ; Price, G. D.

Springer

Physics and chemistry of minerals 23 (1996), S. 337-344

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ISSN: 1432-2021

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics

Notes: Abstract Dislocation configurations in natural single crystals of CaTiO3 perovskite deformed in high-temperature creep were examined and characterized by transmission electron microscopy. Screw dislocations with Burgers vector [100]pc and [011]pc, dissociated on the $$(01\bar 1)_{{\text{pc}}} $$ plane, form rectangular networks with extended four-fold nodes in the shape of octagons, a configuration never observed in any of the previously investigated perovskites, except CaGeO3. Screw dislocations with Burgers vector [101]pc and $$(\bar 101)_{{\text{pc}}} $$ , on the (010)pc plane, react to form a twist wall; the dislocations with Burgers vector [002] produced by the reaction decompose into two perfect dislocations [001]pc. This results in a new configuration, never observed before, with three-fold nodes at the corners of rectangles. Both the octagonal extended nodes and the junctions decomposed into perfect dislocations are seen in samples deformed indifferently by slip on {100}pc or {110}pc planes, but they seem to appear only above 1520 K, in the cubic phase.