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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural properties of fluorinated amorphous carbon films (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 621-623 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Fluorinated amorphous carbon films have been deposited in a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition system, and the optical properties examined by Fourier transform infrared and ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy. The infrared absorption spectra in the region from 1000 to 1800 cm−1 were resolved into ten peaks, which were assigned to various carbon–fluorine and carbon–carbon vibration modes. A relationship between the optical band gap and the aromatic carbon (sp2) concentration is demonstrated. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.371910
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complete removal of threading dislocations from mismatched layers by patterned heteroepitaxial processing (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 77 (2000), S. 2524-2526 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report the effectiveness of patterned heteroepitaxial processing (PHP) in removing threading dislocations (TDs) from ZnSe epitaxial layers grown on GaAs substrates by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. The PHP approach used here involves postgrowth patterning of continuous epitaxial layers followed by annealing. In this study, each as-grown ZnSe/GaAs sample was first cut into pieces forming four types of samples, namely: (1) as grown, (2) postgrowth annealed, (3) postgrowth patterned, and (4) PHP prepared (patterned and annealed). The epitaxial layers with thicknesses of 2000–6000 Å were patterned to create 500–6000-Å-high and 3–70-μm-wide square mesas that were separated by 20 μm trenches. TD densities were determined by the etch pit density (EPD) technique and comparisons were made between the four types of samples. The first three types of samples exhibited EPDs of approximately 107 cm−2, which indicate that neither patterning alone nor annealing alone was effective at reducing TDs. In contrast, PHP resulted in a complete removal of TDs from 70 μm×70 μm square layers with thicknesses of 〉3000 Å. This corresponds to an EPD less than 2.0×104 cm−2, and at least a 500-fold reduction compared to as-grown layers; in fact, this value is even lower than that of the GaAs substrate (EPD=105 cm−2). Thus TDs can be removed in PHP by glide to the sidewalls, as promoted by the presence of image forces. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1319178
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response to "Comment on ‘Emission of prompt electrons during excimer laser ablation of aluminum targets' " [Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 248 (2000)] (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 76 (2000), S. 249-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In a comment on our recent letter, Hong and Lu questioned that the sharp peak in the time-of-flight (TOF) signal observed during laser ablation of the Al target in vacuum was due to photoelectrons produced by laser target interaction. In particular, they claimed that very similar signals have been observed during KrF excimer laser ablation of Cu targets in ambient air at a laser fluence of 9.2 J cm−2 and with a probe placed at 0.75 and 1.8 mm apart from the target surface. In a recent article, such signals have been ascribed to plasma induced electric fields at early stages of the laser ablation process, when the emitted electrons and positive ions are in fast dynamics. We wish to point out that the analogy between the two electric signals is only apparent. In fact, the experimental approach by Lu and Hong is based on the detection of electromagnetic signals due to the emitting dipole formed by electrons and ions in the plume. This is realized by a tiny metal probe put nearby the target (〈1 cm). Both the r−2 dependence of the signal amplitude (r being the probe distance) and the independence of the peak position on r ensure that the signal they observed was due to electromagnetic radiation. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.125719
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetoresistance of ferromagnetic single-electron transistors (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 77 (2000), S. 3618-3620 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We investigate the magnetoresistance of the single-electron transistor made of ferromagnetic leads and island. By lowering the temperature, the Coulomb blockade of the single electron tunneling is enhanced, which in turn influences the magnetoresistance of the device. The corresponding magnetoresistance ratio as a function of the temperature is studied by taking into account both the spin-dependent tunneling processes and the Coulomb blockade effect. Finally, we determine the parameter range, in which the ferromagnetic single-electron transistor can be used as a device with the magnetoresistance ratio enhanced by the Coulomb blockade effect. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1330561
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal and nonthermal ion emission during high-fluence femtosecond laser ablation of metallic targets (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 77 (2000), S. 3728-3730 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have investigated the emission of positive ions from metallic targets irradiated with intense, ultrashort laser pulses ((approximate)120 fs) at 780 nm, in both S and P polarized states. The measured energy spectra show the presence of a nonthermal, high-energy (several keV) ion component accompanying low-energy ions (tens of eV) produced by a thermal mechanism. The yield of the high-energy component shows a strong dependence on both laser fluence and light polarization. For the low-energy component a higher ablation efficiency was observed for P polarization, and ascribed to a more effective absorption mechanism active during the laser–target interaction. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1329869
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling radial collimators for use in stress and texture measurements with neutron diffraction (2000)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 33 (2000), S. 334-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Radial collimators have been recently introduced to define the sampling volume during neutron diffraction stress and texture mapping experiments. This paper presents both analytical and Monte Carlo numerical models for the calculation of the spatial distribution of neutron transmission through a radial collimator. It is shown that the effective size of the scattered neutron beam as seen by detectors behind the collimator is quite sensitive to the collimator length and the number of blades. For a given radius of a collimator, the effective beam width increases sharply as the length is shortened. Due to the finite blade thickness, the center of gravity of the sampling volume is shifted away from the collimator. In contrast, attenuation of the neutron beam by the sample brings the center of gravity of the sampling volume closer to the collimator.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889800000856
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sintering dense nanocrystalline ceramics without final-stage grain growth (2000)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 404 (2000), S. 168-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Sintering is the process whereby interparticle pores in a granular material are eliminated by atomic diffusion driven by capillary forces. It is the preferred manufacturing method for industrial ceramics. The observation of Burke and Coble that certain crystalline granular solids could ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35004548
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Charged-species characterization in laser ablation of borocarbide targets (2000)
    Springer
    Applied physics 71 (2000), S. 215-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 74.70.Dd; 52.50.Jm; 52.75.Rx
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We report the experimental characterization of the charged species produced in excimer laser ablation of a superconducting intermetallic compound (YNi2B2C). By using energy-selective time-of-flight mass spectrometry, we have obtained direct measurements of both mass spectra and kinetic energy distributions of ions. The investigation has been carried out in the laser fluence range 1–5 J cm-2, which is typical of laser ablation thin film deposition. High kinetic energies of the charged component (up to 0.4 keV) have been observed even at moderate laser fluences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390050056
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Rare Earth Metal Ions and Their EDTA Complexes on Antioxidant Enzymes of Fish Liver (2000)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 65 (2000), S. 357-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s0012800136
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure–Phytotoxicity Relationship: Comparative Inhibition of Selected Nitrogen-Containing Aromatics to Root Elongation of Cucumis sativus (2000)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 65 (2000), S. 435-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s0012800143
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