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Three patterns of extra-testicular venous drainage in the rabbit (1983)

Cameron, Don F. ; Snydle, Frank E. ; Smith, Leslie C.

Springer

Anatomy and embryology 167 (1983), S. 103-112

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ISSN: 1432-0568

Keywords: Venous drainage ; Left testis ; Rabbit

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Summary Seventy-eight male New Zealand white rabbits were autopsied and found to have variable left extra-testicular venous anatomy. Our observations reveal that in the rabbit the left testis is drained in one of three ways, identified as either A (18%), B (30%) or C (52%) —type drainage. The right testicular vein in all cases drained directly into the inferior vena cava immediately superior to the right iliolumbar vein. In type A drainage, the left testicular vein drained directly into the inferior vena cava at the level of the left iliolumbar vein. In type B drainage, the left testicular vein emptied into the left iliolumbar vein, which in turn drained into the inferior vena cava. In type C drainage both the left testicular and iliolumbar veins anastomosed to form a “lumbotesticular” trunk which emptied directly into the left renal vein. These three patterns of left venous vascular anatomy in the rabbit can be explained on the basis of their embryologic development. Our observations suggest that it is the caudal segment of the left pelvic subcardinal vein and its anastomosis with the caudal cardinal complex which persist as the left testicular vein and that the more cranial segment of this vein, heretofore presumed to remain patent, atrophies to the level of the developing left renal vein.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304604

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Conformational preferences of 2-methoxypyridine from 1H and 13C NMR and from STO-3G molecular orbital calculationsIssued as NRCC No. 23154. (1984)

Blonski, Wayne J. P. ; Hruska, Frank E. ; Wildman, Timothy A.

Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell

Organic Magnetic Resonance 22 (1984), S. 505-509

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ISSN: 0030-4921

Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Notes: Observable coupling over five formal bonds between the methoxy group protons and the ortho ring proton in 2-methoxypyridine, coupliugs between the methoxy group carbon and ring protons, and methoxy carbon spin-lattice relaxation times are all consistent with a preference for the planar cis conformer, in which conjugation is favoured and repulsions between the methyl group and the ortho hydrogen are reduced. Small-amplitude torsioas about the C-2-O bond may carry the methoxy group away from this orientation, but more distant conformations can probably be excluded. Methyl group rotation is less hindered in the cis than in the trans conformer. Molecular orbital calculations at the STO-3G level, with complete geometry optimization, support the conduskus drawn from experimental evidence.

Additional Material: 3 Tab.