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Three patterns of extra-testicular venous drainage in the rabbit (1983)

Cameron, Don F. ; Snydle, Frank E. ; Smith, Leslie C.

Springer

Anatomy and embryology 167 (1983), S. 103-112

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ISSN: 1432-0568

Keywords: Venous drainage ; Left testis ; Rabbit

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Summary Seventy-eight male New Zealand white rabbits were autopsied and found to have variable left extra-testicular venous anatomy. Our observations reveal that in the rabbit the left testis is drained in one of three ways, identified as either A (18%), B (30%) or C (52%) —type drainage. The right testicular vein in all cases drained directly into the inferior vena cava immediately superior to the right iliolumbar vein. In type A drainage, the left testicular vein drained directly into the inferior vena cava at the level of the left iliolumbar vein. In type B drainage, the left testicular vein emptied into the left iliolumbar vein, which in turn drained into the inferior vena cava. In type C drainage both the left testicular and iliolumbar veins anastomosed to form a “lumbotesticular” trunk which emptied directly into the left renal vein. These three patterns of left venous vascular anatomy in the rabbit can be explained on the basis of their embryologic development. Our observations suggest that it is the caudal segment of the left pelvic subcardinal vein and its anastomosis with the caudal cardinal complex which persist as the left testicular vein and that the more cranial segment of this vein, heretofore presumed to remain patent, atrophies to the level of the developing left renal vein.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304604

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Quantitation of changes in cell surface determinants during skeletal muscle cell differentiation using monospecific antibody (1981)

Grove, Barbara Kay ; Schwartz, Gary ; Stockdale, Frank E.

New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell

Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 17 (1981), S. 147-152

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ISSN: 0275-3723

Keywords: skeletal muscle ; cell surface ; monospecific antibody ; myogenesis ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine

Notes: The differentiation of skeletal muscle is characterized by recognition, alignment, and subsequent fusion of myoblast cells at their surfaces to form large, multinucleated myotubes. Monoclonal antibodies were used to investigate anti-genie changes in the cell surface membrane specific for various stages of myogenesis. Chick embryonic skeletal muscle cells were cultured in vitro to the desired stage of differentiation and then injected into BALB/c mice. Spleen cells from the immunized mice were hybridized with NS-1 or P3 8653 mouse myeloma cells. Hybrid cell clones were selected in HAT medium and screened using an indirect radioimmunoassay for the production of monoclonal antibodies specific to myogenic cell surfaces. Target cells for the radioimmunoassay included three stages of myogenesis (myoblasts, midfusion myoblasts, and myotubes) and chick lung cells as a control for polymorphic antigens. Sixty-one clones were obtained which produced antibodies specific for myogenic cells. Thirty-five of these clones were generated from mice immunized with midfusion myoblast stages of myogenesis and 26 were obtained from mice immunized with the later myotube stage of myogenesis. Quantitative measurements by RIA of myogenic determinants per cell surface area on each target cell type revealed that most of the determinants decrease during myogenesis when midfusion myoblasts are used as the immunogen. When myotube stages are used as the immunogen, more determinants increase with cell differentiation. Therefore, the most common pattern of determinant change is for them to be present at all stages of myogenesis but to vary quantitively through development. There are determinants unique to each stage of myogenesis and marked quantitative differences within a cell stage for each determinant.

Additional Material: 1 Ill.