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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (10)
  • 1970-1974  (10)
  • 1830-1839
  • 1974  (7)
  • 1973  (3)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (10)
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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (10)
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Years
  • 1970-1974  (10)
  • 1830-1839
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymere mit dem Zentralatom eines Makrocyclus in der Hauptkette, 1. Polykondensationsreaktionen mit Phthalocyaninsilicium- und Hemiporphyrazingermanium-Verbindungen (1974)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 175 (1974), S. 715-728 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Dihydroxy(phthalocyanino)silicon (1b) and dihydroxy(hemiporphyrazino)germanium (2b) react with different monovalent alcohols to afford low-molecular bisalkoxy derivatives (4 and 5), and with thiophenol the phenylthio derivatives 11a and 11b, resp. With bivalent alcohols and phenols polymers of the structure 6 and 7 or 8a, b, 9a, b, and 10a, b, resp. are obtained.Dichloro(phthalocyanino)silicon (1a) and dichloro(hemiporphyrazino)germanium (2a) react also with phenol, resp. hydroquinone, to give low-molecular and polymeric phenoxy derivatives. The reaction of 1b and 2b with mono- and dibasic carboxylic acids leads to the corresponding esters.The IR-spectra of the prepared compounds are discussed. Thermogravimetric and semiconductive measurements (σ298K ≈ 10-7 to 10-16Ω-1cm-1) are described.
    Notes: Dihydroxyphthalocyaninsilicium (1b) und Dihydroxyhemiporphyrazingermanium (2b) werden mit verschiedenen einwertigen Alkoholen zu den niedermolekularen Bisalkoxy-Derivaten (4 bzw. 5) und mit Thiophenol zu den Phenylthio-Derivaten (11a und 11b) umgesetzt. Mit zweiwertigen Alkoholen und Phenolen köml;nnen Polymere der Struktur 6 und 7 bzw. 8a, b, 9a, b und 10a, b erhalten werden. Dichlorphthalocyaninsilicium (1a) und Dichlorhemiporphyrazingermanium (2a) reagieren mit Phenol bzw. mit Hydrochinon ebenfalls zu niedermolekularen und polymeren Phenoxy-Derivaten. Die Umsetzung von 1b und 2b mit einund zweibasischen Carbonsäuren führt zu den entsprechenden Estern.Die IR-Spektren der dargestellten Verbindungen werden diskutiert. Thermogravimetrische und Halbleitermessungen (σ298K ≈ 10-7 bis 10-16Ω-1cm-1) werden beschrieben.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1974.021750302
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eine optische Methode zur kontinuierlichen Verfolgung langsamer KorrosionsvorgängeHerrn Prof. Dr. E. Bartholomé zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet (1974)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 25 (1974), S. 235-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: An optical method for continuously following slow corrosion processesThe method presented here is based on the variation of the optical transmittance and, consequently, can be applied to very thin (some 1000 Å ) metal layers only. Because of the high absorption coefficients of metals it is possible by this method to follow dissolution processes of the order of monoatomic layers. The light source used is a He-Ne-laser. The following applications are described: dissolution rate of chromium in the transpassive range; dissolution of gold in sulfuric acid with additions of hydro chloric acid; photolytic corrosion of titanium.
    Notes: Die hier verwendete Methode beruht auf der Veränderung der optischen Durchlässigkeit und kann infolgedessen nur auf sehr dünne (einige 1000) Metallschichten angewendet werden. Aufgrund der hohen Werte der Absorptionskoeffizinten von Metallen ist es möglich, mit dieser Methode Auflösungsvorgänge in der Größenordnung monomolekularer Schichten zu verfolgen. Als Lichtquelle wird ein He-Ne-Laser verwendet. Beschrieben werden die folgenden Anwendungen: Auflösungsgeschwindigkeit von Chrom im Bereich der Transpassivität;Auflösung von Gold in Schwefelsäure mit HCL Zusatz;photolytische Korrosion von Titan.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19740250402
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur kinetik der niederdruckpolymerisation von äthylen mit löslichen ZIEGLER-katalysatoren (1973)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 169 (1973), S. 163-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: This paper deals with the kinetics of the low pressure polymerization of ethylene catalysed by the soluble ZIEGLER-catalyst (C5H5)2Ti(C2H5)Cl/Al(C2H5)Cl2. By a special technique it was possible to study for the first time the kinetics of the initial homogeneous part of the polymerization. The following results were obtained: The active species of this catalyst system is formed extremely rapid and seems to be a very dynamic equilibrium product. Its concentration depends on the ratio Al/Ti. The propagation reaction therefore corresponds to an intermitting process. The propagation rate constant was estimated to 15 dm3 · mol-1 · s-1 for 10°C. An excess of the aluminum component (Al/Ti 〉 1) acts as deactivator. The polymerization of the heterogeneous system is probably diffusion controlled. Therefore, the rate decay of the polymerization cannot be described by simple kinetic laws. For small ratios Al/Ti the polymerization has the character of a “living” system.
    Notes: Es wird die Kinetik der Äthylenpolymerisation mit dem löslichen Katalysatorsystem (C5H5)2Ti(C2H5)Cl/Al(C2H5)Cl2 behandelt. Mit Hilfe einer speziellen Meßmethode konnte erstmals der homogene Anfangsbereich der Polymerisation kinetisch erfaßt werden. Anhand der erzielten Befunde lassen sich folgende Schlußfolgerungen ziehen: Die polymerisationsaktive Spezies wird unmeßbar rasch nach dem Mischen der Katalysatorkomponenten gebildet und ist als ein sehr dynamisches Gleichgewichtsprodukt anzusehen, dessen Konzentration vom Verhältnis der Katalysatorkomponenten abhängt. Kettenwachstum ist demnach ein intermittierender Vorgang. Die Geschwindigkeitskonstante der Wachstumsreaktion wurde zu etwa 15 dm3 · mol-1 · s-1 für 10°C bestimmt. Überschüssiges Aluminium-organyl (Al/Ti 〉 1) wirkt desaktivierend. Die Polymerisation in heterogener Phase ist sehr wahrscheinlich diffusionsbestimmt. Die Abnahme der Polymerisationsgeschwindigkeit mit der Zeit ist komplexer Natur und ist mit einfachen kinetischen Zeitgesetzen nicht zu beschreiben. Die zeitliche Zunahme des Polymerisationsgrades für Verhältnisse Al/Ti = 2 weist darauf hin, daß die Polymerisation den Charakter eines „lebenden“ Systems aufweist.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1973.021690116
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Storage and retrieval of macromolecular structural dataAmer. Crystallograph. Assoc. Winter Meeting, Ser. 2, vol. 1, 1973, paper F-7; and NATO/CNA Advanced Study Inst. on Computer Representation and Manipulation of Chem. Inform., Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands. (1974)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 13 (1974), S. 419-422 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: No abstract.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1974.360130220
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [η]-M-Beziehung von PolyoctenamerenHerrn Prof. Dr. Heinrich Hellmann zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 37 (1974), S. 97-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Solution properties of polyoctenamers were studied. A relation [η]-M in toluene at 25°C was elucidated. The kθ-value derived from this relation agrees quite well with similar data of polybutadiene, polypentenamer and polyethylene. No evidence was found for the existence of cyclic structures in polyoctenamers.
    Notes: Lösungseigenschaften von Polyoctenameren wurden untersucht. Eine Viskositäts-Molekulargewichts-Beziehung in Toluol bei 25°C wurde ermittelt. Der daraus abgeleitete kθ-Wert stimmt mit den für Polybutadien, und Polyäthylen bekannten Werten überein. Ein Hinweis auf die Existenz von ringförmigen Makromolekülen konnte nicht gefunden werden.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1974.050370108
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über eine anomale Teilchenbildungsphase bei der Emulsionspolymerisation von SBRHerrn Prof. Dr. Heinrich Hellmann zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 39 (1974), S. 167-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: In the course of emulsion polymerization of SBR the rate of polymerization during the stage of particle formation is running through a significant maximum, if initiation takes place with a redox-system, consisting of the partially oil-, partially water-soluble components pinenehydroperoxide, ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid, ferrous sulfate and rongolite. This anomaly is discussed by means of a reaction scheme, which, among other steps, postulates radical formation directly in the micelles themselves.
    Notes: Bei der Emulsionspolymerisation von SBR durchläuft die Polymerisationsgeschwindigkeit während der Teilchenbidungsphase ein ausgeprägtes Maximum, wenn als Initiator das aus den teils öl-, teils wasserlöslichen Komponenten Pinanhydroperoxid, Äthylendiamintetraessigsäure, Eisensulfat und Rongalit bestehende Redoxsystem eingesetzt wird. Diese Anomalie wird an Hand eines Reaktionsschemas diskutiert, das u. a. von einer Radikalbildung unmittelbar in den Mizellen ausgeht.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1974.050390114
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur nachkondensation von polyamiden im teilkristallinen zustandHerrn Prof. Dr. H. HELLMANN zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet (1973)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 34 (1973), S. 165-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The molecular weight of polyamides can be changed by postcondensation in the solid state. The equilibrium molecular weight distribution in the partially crystalline polyamide can be calculated using reasonable assumptions. Under equal post-condensation conditions the calculation yields a higher molecular weight average for the partially crystalline material as compared with the amorphous one, while the type of the distribution function (SCHULZ-FLORY) remains nearly unchanged.
    Notes: Das Molekulargewicht von Polyamiden kann durch Nachondensation im festen Zustand verändert werden. Unter naheliegenden Annahmen läßt sich die Molekulargewichtsverteilung berechnen, die sich dabei im teilkristallinen Polyamid als Gleichgewichtszustand einstellt. Bei sonst gleichen Bedingungen ergibt sich ein höheres mittleres Molekulargewicht als in völlig amorphem Material, während sich der Typ der Verteilung (SCHULZ-FLORY) praktisch nicht ändert.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1973.050340111
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for ionic clusters in butadiene-methacrylic acid copolymers neutralized with various salts (1974)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 12 (1974), S. 115-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Effects of neutralization on butadiene-methacrylic acid copolymers have been studied. In Hycar CTB with 2% acid groups, small-angle x-ray scattering gives evidence of some cation clustering and leads to a value of the mean radius of 5.6 Å for the clusters and a value of the distance between them of 70 Å. When the concentration of salt is increased there is no appreciable change in the distance between clusters or in their size, but their number increases. The structure of clusters has been studied by electron paramagnetic resonance in copolymers neutralized with copper salts. The appearance of a line as in the monohydrated acetate salt permits one to define the structure of clusters consisting of two Cu2+ and four RCOO- ions with two H2O or RCOOH molecules. When the temperature is increased, the signal corresponding to Cu2+-Cu2+ pairs disappears. In high molecular weight butadiene methacrylic acid copolymers with 9% acid groups, we have found the ion pair clusters gathered into larger clusters. In dynamic mechanical properties, a relaxation peak appears at 340°K. We interpret this as due to breaking and possible re-forming of dipolar associations.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1974.180120110
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Imidization during polymerization of acrylamide (1974)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 12 (1974), S. 133-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The spontaneous imidization of acrylamide during polymerization has been studied in three media: benzene, diglyme, and water. The data indicate that neither medium, time, nor temperatures below 140°C cause imidization to occur. The ascription of the low nitrogen found in polyacrylamide by some investigators to imide formation appears to be in error. The low nitrogen is due rather to retained solvent and/or water, for which polyacrylamide has a strong affinity. Imidization may be brought about by strong acids. The solubility of an imidized polyacrylamide decreases with increasing imide content.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1974.170120112
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copolymerization of acrylamide and styrene. II. Reactivity ratios with unperturbed acrylamide (1973)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 11 (1973), S. 3037-3042 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It was reported earlier that the copolymerization of acrylamide and styrene is strongly affected by the copolymerization medium. The effect was attributed to a change in the polarity of the ethylenic bond in the acrylamide monomer due to hydrogen bonding and/or dipole - dipole interaction, depending on the medium. In view of those findings, it was suggested that absolute values for the reactivity ratios for the copolymerization of these two monomers might be obtained only when the acrylamide monomer is unperturbed. Copolymerizations of these monomers at a number of ratios, therefore, were done in benzene, which does not undergo hydrogen bonding and has no dipole moment, at high dilution, when amide - amide interactions between acrylamide molecules should be essentially eliminated. The values of r1 and r2(M1 = acrylamide) were 9.14 ± 0.27 and 0.67 ± 0.08, respectively. There appears to be some indication in this system that high dilution adversely affects the reactivity of the acrylamide monomer while enhancing that of styrene. This aspect requires more study.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1973.170111201
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