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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural evolution of W nano clusters with increasing cluster size (1999)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 111 (1999), S. 7402-7404 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have recorded the x-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of nanometer-size W metal clusters prepared at different average cluster sizes. Nanometer-size W metal clusters were produced through a collision induced clustering mechanism of W metal atoms generated by decomposing W(CO)6 vapors. The XRD patterns clearly showed that structure changed from amorphous→face- centered-cubic (fcc)→body-centered-cubic (bcc) with increasing average cluster size. This implies that W metal clusters do not simply approach the bulk bcc structure but pass through an intermediate fcc structure before they reach the bulk structure, as predicted by Tománek, Mukherjee, and Bennemann [Phys. Rev. B 28, 665 (1983)]. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.480063
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A design of a nanometer size metal particle generator: Thermal decomposition of metal carbonyls (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 4366-4369 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We have developed a method which can produce both pure and alloy nanometer size metal particles in a large scale. This method combines a thermal decomposition of metal carbonyls with a collision induced clustering. Metal carbonyls are thermally decomposed with a hot filament and resultant bare metal atoms undergo collisions to produce nanometer size metal particles. This method requires a very simple experimental setup even though it is a high efficiency production method. Using this method, we have produced, high purity Fe, Mo, and alloy Fe/Mo nanometer size metal particles. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1150081
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermodynamic theory of stress distribution in epitaxial Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 thin films (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 75 (1999), S. 3195-3197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A phenomenological thermodynamic model has been developed to account for the effects of the film thickness on various properties of ferroelectric thin films. To this end, we have suitably incorporated a position-dependent stress distribution function into the elastic Gibbs function. Various physical properties can be predicted as a function of the film thickness using this modified thermodynamic formalism. A comparison of the theoretical predictions with experimental values of the average strain and the para-ferro transition temperature indicates that the tensile stress caused by the cubic-tetragonal displacive phase transition dominates over the compressive thermal stress in the epitaxially oriented tetragonal Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 thin films. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.125275
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermodynamic Analysis of the FR(LT)-FR(HT) Phase Transition in the Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 System under a Hydrostatic Pressure (1999)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 82 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Effects of hydrostatic pressure on the ferroelectric phase transition between the two rhombohedral phases in the Zr-rich Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) system have been investigated using the Landau-Devonshire phenomenological theory. For this purpose, the rotostrictive coefficients related to the coupling between the oxygen octahedron and the stress were evaluated first. It was shown that the transition temperature between the two rhombohedral phases FR(LT) and FR(HT) decreased with increasing tensile hydrostatic pressure. Contrary to this, an opposite trend was predicted under the condition of compressive hydrostatic pressure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1999.tb01751.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ferroelectric phase transitions and three-dimensional phase diagrams of a Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 system under a hydrostatic pressure (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 2815-2820 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Effects of hydrostatic pressure on various ferroelectric phase transitions in Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 (PZT) have been investigated using the thermodynamic formalism based on the Landau–Devonshire phenomenological theory. For these purposes, the rotostrictive coefficient related to the coupling between the tilting of oxygen octahedron and the stress was evaluated first. We have then simulated three-dimensional phase diagrams of the PZT system using composition, stress and temperature as the three independent thermodynamic variables. It has been shown that, with increasing tensile hydrostatic pressure, the para–ferro transition temperature increases but the transition temperature between the two ferroelectric rhombohedral phases (FR(HT)–FR(LT)) decreases, and the morphotropic phase boundary moves slightly toward the tetragonal-phase field. Contrary to these, opposite tendencies are predicted under a compressive stress. The thermodynamic computation of ferroelectric properties in the vicinity of the FR(HT)–FR(LT) phase transition further suggests that a first-order phase transition gradually becomes a continuous second-order transition with increasing tensile stress. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.369600
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic transformation of Cymbidium orchid by particle bombardment (1999)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 18 (1999), S. 978-984 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key words Orchid ; Particle bombardment ; PLB ; Transformation ; Key terminologyProtocorm A small storage organ formed from the germinating embryo ; possessing an apical meristem and a leaf primordium ; protocorm-like body (PLB) A somatic protocorm derived from in vitro culture of apical or axillary bud meristems ; primary PLBs PLBs induced by culturing apical meristem-tips aseptically ; secondary PLBs PLBs formed on the surface of a primary PLB in culture ; proliferate PLBs PLBs proliferating on the surface of either primary or secondary PLBs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  A protocol is presented for genetically engineering Cymbidium orchid using particle bombardment. This protocol enabled the routine transformation of orchid plants that were previously difficult to transform. Liquid culture was used to generate a large number of protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) to be bombarded and to promote continued development of the bombarded meristematic tissue. Plasmid DNA (pKH200) carrying the GUS-INT and NPTII genes flanked by tobacco matrix attachment regions was introduced into the meristematic cells of PLBs by particle acceleration. The transformed PLBs were proliferated and selected for kanamycin resistance conferred by the introduced NPTII gene. Shoot regeneration was then induced from the kanamycin-resistant PLBs, and transgenic plantlets were produced. Both the kanamycin-resistant PLBs and regenerated shoots expressed the GUS-INT gene. The presence of the introduced gene in the transformed orchid plants was confirmed by PCR analysis, sequencing and Southern blot analysis of the PCR product. The recovered transgenic plants were established in soil and acclimatized in the greenhouse.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990050694
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An efficient retrovirus-mediated transduction of human blood coagulation factor VIII cDNA in regenerating rat liver (1999)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 78 (1999), S. 213-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Key words FVIII-B cDNA ; Retrovirus-mediated ; Transduction ; Partial hepatectomy ; Expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A retrovius-mediated transduction of B-domain-deleted human blood coagulation factor VIII (FVIII-B) was attempted in partially hepatectomized rats. FVIII-B cDNA was inserted into a retroviral vector (pLNSX) and infective recombinant virus particles were produced in packaging cell lines (ψ2 and PA317). Transfection of mouse NIH-3T3 cells with the FVIII-B cDNA inserted recombinant viruses, followed by G418 selection, gave a viral titer of 3.5 × 104 CFU/ml. FVIII-B protein, as well as FVIII-B mRNA, was detected in these cells. Transfusion of FVIII-B-expressing retrovirus particles into the tail vein of rats subjected to partial hepatectomy resulted in a relatively higher level of FVIII-B expression in liver and circulating plasma as compared with the sham-operated rats. These results indicate that the augmentation of FVIII activity in the blood of an animal by retroviral gene delivery can be enhanced by partial hepatectomy, and that the retrovirus-mediated FVIII-B cDNA delivery to regenerating liver may be an alternative method for the expression of FVIII-B cDNA in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002770050504
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristics and Sintering Behavior of Yttria Powders Synthesized by the Combustion Process (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 18 (1999), S. 411-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006609523568
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Al2O3-dispersed Cu Prepared by the Combustion Synthesized Powder (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 18 (1999), S. 67-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006633628227
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology and synaptic connectivity of nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactive neurons in the guinea pig retina (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 297 (1999), S. 397-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Retina ; NOS ; Immunocytochemistry ; Synaptic connectivity ; Guinea pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Immunocytochemical methods with an antiserum against neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) were applied to identify the morphology and synaptic connectivity of NOS-like immunoreactive neurons in the guinea pig retina. In the present study, two types of amacrine cells were labeled with anti-NOS antisera. Type 1 cells had large somata located in the inner nuclear layer (INL) with long, sparsely branched processes ramifying mainly in stratum 3 of the inner plexiform layer (IPL). The somata of type 2 cells (smaller diameters) were located in the INL. Some displaced amacrine cells in the ganglion cell layer were labeled. The soma size of the displaced amacrine cells was similar to that of the type 2 amacrine cells. However, processes originating from type 2 amacrine cells and displaced amacrine cells stratified mainly in strata 1 and 5, respectively. Some cone bipolar cells were weakly NOS-immunoreactive. The synaptic connectivity of NOS-like immunoreactive amacrine cells was identified in the IPL by electron microscopy. NOS-labeled amacrine cell processes received synaptic input from other amacrine cell processes and bipolar cell axon terminals in all strata of the IPL. The most frequent postsynaptic targets of NOS-immunoreactive amacrine cells were other amacrine cell processes. Cone bipolar cells were postsynaptic to NOS-labeled amacrine cells in all strata of the IPL. Labeled amacrine cells synapsing onto ganglion cells were found only in sublamina b. A few synaptic contacts were observed between labeled cell processes. In the outer plexiform layer, dendrites of labeled bipolar cells made basal contact with cone pedicles or formed a synaptic triad opposed to a synaptic ribbon of cone pedicles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051367
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