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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (64)
  • 2000-2004  (64)
  • 1905-1909
  • 2004  (6)
  • 2000  (58)
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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (64)
Material
Years
  • 2000-2004  (64)
  • 1905-1909
Year
Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decreased Protein Phosphatase 2A Activity in Hippocampal Long-Term Potentiation (2000)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 74 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Using autophosphorylated Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM kinase II) as substrate, we now find that long-term potentian (LTP) induction and maintenance are also associated with a significant decrease in calyculin A-sensitive protein phosphatase (protein phosphatase 2A) activity, without changes in Mg2+-dependent protein phosphatase (protein phosphatase 2C) activity. This decrease in protein phosphatase 2A activity was prevented when LTP induction was inhibited by treatment with calmidazolium or D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid. In addition, the application of high-frequency stimulation to 32P-labeled hippocampal slices resulted in increases in the phosphorylation of a 55-kDa protein immunoprecipitated with anti-phosphatase 2A antibodies. Use of a specific antibody revealed that the 55-kDa protein is the B′α subunit of protein phosphatase 2A. Following purification of brain protein phosphatase 2A, the B′α subunit was phosphorylated by CaM kinase II, an event that led to the reduction of protein phosphatase 2A activity. These results suggest that the decreased activity in protein phosphatase 2A following LTP induction contributes to the maintenance of constitutively active CaM kinase II and to the long-lasting increase in phosphorylation of synaptic components implicated in LTP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.740807.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combining Rational Choice and Evolutionary Dynamics: The Indirect Evolutionary Approach (2000)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Metroeconomica 51 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-999X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In this study we propose a formal framework for the indirect evolutionary approach initiated by Guth and Yaari. It allows us to endogenize preferences and to study their evolution. We define two-player indirect evolutionary games with observable types and show how to incorporate symmetric as well as asymmetric situations. We show how to apply solution concepts that are well known from game theory and evolutionary game theory to solve these games. For illustration we include two examples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-999X.00090
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of luminescent single ultrasmall silicon nanoparticles using fluctuation correlation spectroscopy (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 76 (2000), S. 1857-1859 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We dispersed electrochemical etched Si into a colloid of ultrasmall blue luminescent nanoparticles, observable with the naked eye, in room light. We use two-photon near-infrared femtosecond excitation at 780 nm to record the fluctuating time series of the luminescence, and determine the number density, brightness, and size of diffusing fluorescent particles. The luminescence efficiency of particles is high enough such that we are able to detect a single particle, in a focal volume, of 1 pcm3. The measurements yield a particle size of 1 nm, consistent with direct imaging by transmission electron microscopy. They also yield an excitation efficiency under two-photon excitation two to threefold larger than that of fluorescein. Detection of single particles paves the way for their use as labels in biosensing applications. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.126191
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variation in P-content in aquatic plant tissues offers an efficient tool for determining plant growth strategies along a resource gradient (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Freshwater biology 49 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 1. The application of functional ecology models to aquatic plants often relies on morphological and life-history traits which may reflect, in part, the phenotypic plasticity displayed by aquatic plants. The present study was designed to evaluate the use of physiological traits, such as nutrition patterns, to describe aquatic plant strategies along a gradient of increasing resource availablity.2. Taking phosphorus (P) as an example, nutrition-use efficiencies were evaluated in five species, through the P-content in plant tissues, the variations in P-content according to nutrient availability and the perenniality of P-storage. Plasticity in P-storage was also investigated in Ranunculus peltatus, a morphologically highly plastic species.3. In 2001, P-content was analysed in Callitriche hamulata, C. obtusangula, C. platycarpa, Elodea nuttallii and R. peltatus tissue samples. These five species were sampled at nine different sites in streams along an increasing resource gradient in the Northern Vosges Biosphere Reserve (NE France). Variations of P-content in the roots, stems and dissected and floating leaves of R. peltatus were also studied.4. Only C. platycarpa and R. peltatus were found to occur in low nutrient availability conditions. Callitriche hamulata, C. obtusangula and E. nuttallii were restricted to mesotrophic and eutrophic sites. The highest nutrient-use efficiency was found for E. nuttallii which was able to adapt its P-storage to varying resource availabilities. Ranunculus peltatus was able to store high concentrations of P, but its P-integration within the vegetative structure was less efficient under eutrophic conditions. Callitriche spp. appeared to have relatively low nutrient-use efficiencies, although C. obtusangula displayed a high P-content. While P was stored preferentially in roots in R. peltatus populations occurring in nutrient-rich sites, there was no particular P-storage organ for populations from nutrient-poor sites.5. On the basis of P-usage, R. peltatus and E. nuttallii presented competitor traits, C. hamulata and C. platycarpa displayed stress-tolerant nutrient signatures and for C. obtusangula, ruderal or competitor characteristics dominated. The use of physiological traits, such as nutrition patterns, may provide valuable, complementary information about aquatic plant strategies, independent from the influence of morphological trait plasticity often displayed by these plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2004.01188.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    No effect of apolipoprotein E on neuronal cell death due to excitotoxic and apoptotic agents in vitro and neonatal hypoxic ischaemia in vivo (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 12 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The ε4 allele of apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Studies also suggest that the ε4 allele may be a risk factor for poor outcome following head trauma, brain haemorrhage and ischaemia. The mechanism by which the presence of an apoE ε4 allele and certain brain injuries act to predispose to Alzheimer's disease and poor outcome following brain injury is unknown. We questioned whether poor outcome after brain injury was due to direct modification by apoE protein and its gene variants of susceptibility to glutamate-mediated excitotoxic injury and apoptosis, mechanisms of cell death which occur following ischaemia and trauma. We investigated the effect of the presence or absence of endogenous murine apoE protein and different apoE isoforms in modification of the survival of murine embryonic cortical neurons exposed to the glutamate agonist, N-methyl- d-aspartic acid (NMDA) or apoptotic insult by staurosporine, and on the amount of brain injury sustained following a hypoxic-ischaemic insult in vivo to the brain of neonatal mice transgenically expressing human apoE ε3 or ε4. Our data provide evidence that apoE does not appear to alter neuronal viability following diverse types of acute neuronal insult, e.g. hypoxic-ischaemic or acute exposure to injurious agents in the models we have examined. This suggests that if apoE does modify the extent of brain damage and recovery after injury, it seems unlikely to be a result of direct or indirect modulation of excitotoxic or apoptotic cell death.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.2000.00113.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Local γ-aminobutyric acid and glutamate circuit control of hypophyseotrophic corticotropin-releasing factor neuron activity in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 19 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Paraventricular corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neurons play a pivotal role in regulating neuroendocrine responses to stress. The mechanisms by which synaptic inputs control the activity of these neurons are not well understood. The present study was undertaken to determine the role of the intrinsic γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)- and glutamatergic neural circuits of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in the control of CRF neural activity. We show that in organotypic cultures of the PVN, blockade of the intrinsic GABAergic neurotransmission by the GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline resulted in a significant increase in CRF secretion. The bicuculline-induced CRF secretory activity was abolished by the coadministration of the selective α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazoleprionic acid (AMPA)/kainate receptor antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX). Electrical stimulation of the CRF cell division elicited glutamatergic extracellular field potentials that were dramatically enhanced by bicuculline and were suppressed by CNQX. These results show that the functional activity of CRF neurons in organotypic cultures of the PVN is under a tonic inhibitory influence of an intrinsic GABAergic circuit. Suppression of GABAergic transmission appears to have a permissive role for inducing an increased secretory activity of CRF neurons that is driven by an excitatory glutamatergic network via AMPA/kainate receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2004.03167.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glycine receptors and GABAA receptor α1 and γ2 subunits during the development of mouse hypoglossal nucleus (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 20 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In the hypoglossal nucleus, GABA and glycine mediate inhibition at separate or mixed synapses containing glycine receptors (GlyRs) and/or GABAA receptors (GABAARs). The functional development of mixed inhibitory synapses depends on the brain area studied, but their relative proportion to total synapses generally decreases with time. We have determined the sequential process of inhibitory synapse maturation in the hypoglossal nucleus in vivo. Immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy were used for codetection of VIAAT, the common presynaptic vesicular transporter of glycine and GABA, GlyRs, GABAAR α1 and γ2 subunits, and gephyrin, the scaffold protein implicated in the synaptic localization of inhibitory receptors. In E17 embryos, GlyRs were already clustered while GABAAR α1 and γ2 subunit immunoreactivity (IR) displayed both diffuse and clustered patterns. Quantitative analysis at this stage revealed that the majority of GlyR clusters were apposed to VIAAT-IR accumulation and that 30% of them colocalized with γ2GABAAR clusters. This proportion increased with age to 50% at P30. GlyR clusters that did not colocalize with γ2GABAAR clusters were associated with GABAAR γ2 diffuse IR. Interestingly, the percentage of GlyR clusters surrounded by GABAAR γ2 diffuse IR decreased with age, while GlyR clusters colocalized with γ2GABAAR clusters increased. The developmental coclustered pattern of gephyrin and GABAAR α1 and γ2 subunits paralleled the coclustered pattern of GlyRs and GABAAR α1 and γ2 subunits. Our results indicate that the proportion of GlyR-GABAAR coclusters increases until adulthood. A developmental sequence of the postsynaptic events is proposed in which diffuse extrasynaptic GABAARs accumulate at inhibitory synapses to form postsynaptic clusters, most of them being colocalized with GlyR clusters in the adult.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2004.03785.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Drug skin tests in cutaneous adverse drug reactions to pristinamycin: 29 cases with a study of cross-reactions between synergistins (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Contact dermatitis 50 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The present study was made to determine the value of drug skin tests in patients with cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADRs) due to a synergistin (pristinamycin) and to determine the frequency of cross-reactions between synergistins. 29 patients were referred during the onset of the CADR due to pristinamycin: 18 with maculopapular rash, 9 erythrodermas, 1 angioedema and 1 Stevens–Johnson syndrome. They all had patch tests with pristinamycin and, in most cases, with other synergistins [virginiamycin and dalfopristin–quinupristin (DQ)], prick tests (10 cases) and intradermal tests (IDT) (5 cases). Skin tests with synergistins were positive in 27 cases, patch tests with pristinamycin in 20/29 cases (69%), prick tests with pristinamycin in 3/9 cases on immediate (1 case) or on delayed (2 cases) readings, and IDT with DQ in 4/5 cases. Cross-reactions between synergistins occurred in 9/22 with virginiamycin and in 7/8 cases with DQ. Skin tests with synergistins are useful in investigating CADR due to pristinamycin. Synergistins are composed of 2 chains (1 depsipeptide and 1 macrocyclic lactone) with many structural analogies between all synergistins. According to the chemical structures and our results, it seems advisable to avoid all synergistins in patients with CADR due to pristinamycin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0105-1873.2004.00280.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The World Health Organization classification of neoplastic diseases of the haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues: report of the Clinical Advisory Committee Meeting, Airlie House, Virginia, November 1997 (2000)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 36 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Since 1995, the European Association of Pathologists (EAHP) and the Society for Hematopathology (SH) have been developing a new World Health Organization (WHO) classification of haematological malignancies. The classification includes lymphoid, myeloid, histiocytic and mast cell neoplasms.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉DesignThe WHO project involves 10 committees of pathologists, who have developed lists and definitions of disease entities. A Clinical Advisory Committee (CAC) of international haematologists and oncologists was formed to ensure that the classification will be useful to clinicians. A meeting was held in November 1997 to discuss clinical issues related to the classification.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉ResultsThe WHO has adopted the ‘Revised European–American Classification of Lymphoid Neoplasms’ (REAL), published in 1994 by the International Lymphoma Study Group (ILSG), as the classification of lymphoid neoplasms. This approach to classification is based on the principle that a classification is a list of ‘real’ disease entities, which are defined by a combination of morphology, immunophenotype, genetic features and clinical features. The relative importance of each of these features varies among diseases, and there is no one ‘gold standard’. The WHO classification has applied the principles of the REAL classification to myeloid and histiocytic neoplasms. The classification of myeloid neoplasms recognizes distinct entities defined by a combination of morphology and cytogenetic abnormalities. The CAC meeting, which was organized around a series of clinical questions, was able to reach a consensus on most of the questions posed. The questions and the consensus are discussed in detail below. Among other things, the CAC concluded that clinical groupings of lymphoid neoplasms was neither necessary nor desirable. Patient treatment is determined by the specific type of lymphoma, with the addition of grade within the tumour type, if applicable, and clinical prognostic factors such as the international prognostic index (IPI).〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉ConclusionThe experience of developing the WHO classification has produced a new and exciting degree of cooperation and communication between oncologists and pathologists from around the world, which should facilitate progress in the understanding and treatment of haematological malignancies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2559.2000.00895.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Octahedral deformations and cationic displacements in the ferroelectric PbHf0.8Ti0.2O3: a neutron powder diffraction study from 10 to 770 K (2000)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 56 (2000), S. 27-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Neutron powder diffraction data, collected over the temperature range 10–770 K, have been analysed in order to make a detailed characterization of the sequence of phase transitions occurring in the Hf-rich ferroelectric PbHf0.8Ti0.2O3, titanium hafnium lead oxide. Over the whole temperature range this compound undergoes two phase transitions, which involve cationic displacements and octahedral deformations (tilt and/or distortion) leading to strongly distorted perovskite-type structures. The first transition appears around 415 K between two ferroelectric rhombohedral phases: a low-temperature nonzero-tilt phase FRL (space group R3c) and an intermediate zero-tilt phase FRH (space group R3m). The second one, detected around 520 K, is associated with a ferroelectric to-paraelectric transition between the FRH phase and the PC cubic phase (space group Pm3¯m). From high-resolution neutron powder diffraction data (diffractometer 3T2-LLB, Saclay, France, λ = 1.2251 Å), the crystallographic structure of the three successive phases has been accurately determined at the following temperatures: T = 10 K (FRL): space group R3c, Z = 6, ahex = 5.7827 (1), chex = 14.2702 (4) Å, Vhex = 413.26 (2) Å3; T = 150 K (FRL): space group R3c, Z = 6, ahex = 5.7871 (1), chex = 14.2735 (4) Å, Vhex = 413.98 (3) Å3; T = 290 K (FRL): space group R3c, Z = 6, ahex = 5.7943 (1), chex = 14.2742 (5) Å, Vhex = 415.04 (3) Å3; T = 440 K (FRH): space group R3c, Z = 6, ahex = 5.8025 (1), chex = 14.2648 (4) Å, Vhex = 415.94 (3) Å3; T = 520 K (PC): space group Pm3¯m, Z = 1, acub = 4.1072 (2) Å, Vcub = 69.29 (1) Å3. In addition, a neutron powder thermodiffractometry experiment, performed between 290 and 770 K (diffractometer D1B-ILL, Grenoble, France, λ = 2.533 Å), has been used to study in situ the temperature-induced phase transitions. From sequential Rietveld refinements, the temperature dependence of the cation displacements and the rotation and/or distortion of oxygen octahedra was derived.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108768199011453
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