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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (14)
  • 2000-2004  (7)
  • 1965-1969  (7)
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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (14)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effects of the highly damped modes in the energy and reaction rates in a plasma are discussed. These modes, with wave numbers k(very-much-greater-than)kD, even being only weakly excited, with less than kBT per mode, make a significant contribution to the energy and screening in a plasma. When the de Broglie wavelength is much less than the distance of closest approach of thermal electrons, a classical analysis of the plasma can be made. It is assumed, in the classical analysis, with (h-dash-bar)→0, that the energy of the fluctuations (h-dash-bar)ω(very-much-less-than)kBT. Using the fluctuation-dissipation theorem, the spectra of fluctuations with (h-dash-bar)≠0 is appreciably decreased. The decrease is mainly for the highly damped modes at high frequencies (∼0.5–3kBT). Reaction rates are enhanced in a plasma due to the screening of the reacting ions. This is taken into account by the Salpeter factor, which assumes slow motion for the ions. The implication of including the highly damped modes (with (h-dash-bar)≠0) in the nuclear reaction rates in a plasma is discussed. Finally, the investigations presently done on these effects in particle simulations with the sheet model and the multiparticle quantum simulation code are described. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Review of income and wealth 50 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper is an application of Flow-of-Funds analysis to the case of Thailand during the 1996–97 Asian crisis. It begins with a background historical sketch of the financial crisis in East Asia, emphasizing the central role of weak financial systems and foreign debt. The paper then presents a method of estimating quarterly Flow-of-Funds accounts using Thailand as an example. This simple method is available from data published by the I.M.F. for most of the countries of the world. The Thai data are then used in a Flow-of-Funds analysis of the crisis in Thailand. This analysis contrasts with the opening historical sketch in quantitatively tracing the significant financial flows and, particularly, the finances of the private sector. The paper closes by emphasizing the need for current reporting of data to facilitate such analyses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Lysophosphatidic acid is a growth factor-like signalling phospholipid. We demonstrate here that lysophosphatidic acid induces process retraction in central glia-4 cells and oligodendrocyte precursors. This lysophosphatidic acid effect is rapid and concentration-dependent and results in cell rounding. It is inhibited by pre-treatment of cells with C3 exoenzyme, a specific inhibitor of Rho, or with Y-27632, a specific inhibitor of ROCK, a downstream kinase of Rho. Processes of differentiated central glia-4 oligodendrocytes were insensitive to lysophosphatidic acid treatment but cell bodies became phase dark, indicating cell spreading on the poly-l-lysine substratum. RT-PCR and Western blot analyses indicate that oligodendrocyte precursors and mature oligodendrocytes express mRNA and protein for LPA1, one of several LPA receptors. Thus lysophosphatidic acid may be signalling to Rho and stimulating actomyosin contraction in precursor oligodendrocytes by this family of receptors. The results show that lysophosphatidic acid signalling pathways influence retraction of processes in oligodendrocyte precursors but that this effect changes as oligodendrocytes differentiate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    British journal of management 12 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8551
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Europe in recent years has witnessed an increase in the amount of cross-border operations by retailers. The retail sector has undergone substantial structural change characterized by the emergence of a group of rapidly-growing large retailers, a redefinition of the balance of internalized and externalized functions and a need to respond to the cultural variety present in Europe that becomes evident as retailers move out of their domestic markets. The over-arching requirement for these large retailers is to grow and gain scale economies. Internationalization of operations has become a requirement for these large firms. It is argued that the established academic conceptualizations of internationalization are unsatisfactory in not addressing this overriding requirement for growth. There is great variety in the international activity in retailing, with the absence of pattern being one of the few generalities. It is proposed that consideration of opportunism may be a better way to gain understanding of retailer activity than trying to fit activity into deterministic strategic models. The experiences of five West European retailers entering and building retail networks in Poland is provided as evidence for this view. Suggestions are made for future work exploring this issue of opportunism as a process in international retailing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing
    British journal of management 15 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8551
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The development of Japanese retailing through the 1990s is used to illustrate the applicability of a Europe-based growth model in a recessionary market. Through the 1990s the Japanese economy suffered low growth and periods of recession, after strong growth through the 1980s. Retail sales in the 1990s increased only slightly whilst floor-space developments begun in the 1980s and the result of retailer expansion strategies generated increased retail capacity. Large retailers pursued strategies of opening more stores in order to generate sales, but this proved disastrous and resulted in lower productivity, high levels of debt, low levels of innovation and consequential need to restructure. General merchandise and department-store retailers were slow to see the need to restructure and innovate. In contrast, three groups of retailers obtained competitive advantages from the recession, namely retailers who responded quickly to emergent market segments, foreign retailers and e-retailers. The strategic responses to recession and the reasons behind these responses are illustrated and suggestions made on how the experiences of the 1990s will affect development in the early 2000s. Implications of the retailers' behaviour are indicated for retailer strategies, the restructuring of the sector and for research on strategy and structural change.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Inorganic chemistry 4 (1965), S. 886-889 
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Inorganic chemistry 5 (1966), S. 726-728 
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Inorganic chemistry 6 (1967), S. 1453-1461 
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 106 (2004), S. 106-127 
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Convenience and health trends are arguably the two most prevailing consumption trends in the British food market, with single-adult households as keener followers than many other household types. Two portfolios of food products have been developed as proxies of the twin trends respectively, and the Poisson regression technique is employed to segment these two trend markets. Results confirm some previously held views, challenge others, and make some serendipity that has not been found in previous studies. Marketers are informed of greater accessibility in the health trend market vis-à-vis the convenience trend market for segmentation purpose, and are advised to treat the two trend markets as non-overlapping. A number of future research directions, including a multivariate measure of the aspiration intensity of the two food trends and a measure of the twin trends for a wider range of typical products within the consumer market, are suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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