Library

feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (4)
  • 2000-2004  (4)
Source
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (4)
Material
Year
  • 1
    ISSN: 1360-0443
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Aims  To evaluate relapse prevention (relapse prevention) and contingency management (contingency management) for optimizing smoking cessation outcomes using nicotine replacement therapy for methadone-maintained tobacco smokers.Design  Experimental, 2 (relapse prevention)×2 (contingency management) repeated measures design using a platform of nicotine replacement therapy featuring a 2-week baseline period, followed by randomization to 12weeks of treatment, and 6- and 12-month follow-up visits.Setting  Three narcotic treatment centers in Los Angeles.Participants  One hundred and seventy-five participants who met all inclusion and no exclusion criteria.Intervention  Participants received 12weeks of nicotine replacement therapy and assignment to one of four conditions: patch-only, relapse prevention + patch, contingency management + patch and relapse prevention + contingency management + patch.Measurements  Thrice weekly samples of breath (analyzed for carbon monoxide) and urine (analyzed for metabolites of opiates and cocaine) and weekly self-reported numbers of cigarettes smoked.Findings  Participants (73.1%) completed 12weeks of treatment. During treatment, those assigned to receive contingency management showed statistically higher rates of smoking abstinence than those not assigned to receive contingencies (F3,4680=6.3, P=0.0003), with no similar effect observed for relapse prevention. At follow-up evaluations, there were no significant differences between conditions. Participants provided more opiate and cocaine-free urines during weeks when they met criteria for smoking abstinence than during weeks when they did not meet these criteria (F1,2054=14.38, P=0.0002; F1,2419=16.52, P〈0.0001).Conclusions  Contingency management optimized outcomes using nicotine replacement therapy for reducing cigarette smoking during treatment for opiate dependence, although long-term effects are not generally maintained. Findings document strong associations between reductions in cigarette smoking and reductions in illicit substance use during treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Carfax Publishing, part of the Taylor & Francis Group
    Addiction 95 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1360-0443
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Aims. Animal studies have shown that nicotine releases dopamine, a neurotransmitter implicated in drug reinforcement. We hypothesized that bromocriptine would decrease smoking behavior in humans. Design. The study was conducted double blind and subjects' order of dose exposure was randomized. Participants. The smoking behavior of 20 heavy smokers was recorded for 5 hours after ingesting placebo or one of two doses of bromocriptine (2.50 mg, 3.75 mg) over three sessions (one dose per session). Findings. There was a significant negative linear trend by dosage indicating shorter total puffing time with increasing bromocriptine dosages ( p 〈 0.02). Other significant negative linear trends by increasing dosage include fewer number of puffs, fewer number of cigarettes smoked and mean latency to smoke after 3 hours (expected CMAX on the drug (all p s 〈 0.05). There was a negative significant linear trend showing decreased plasma nicotine ( p 〈 0.02) and cotinine ( p 〈 0.005) with increasing dosages of bromocriptine. Shiffman/Jarvik Withdrawal Scale (SJWS) cigarette craving subscale scores decreased significantly across increasing dosages (linear trend p 〈 0.02). There was a significant negative linear trend ( p 〈 0.05) on the Profile of Mood States (POMS) Vigor and Depression subscales, with subjects reporting decreased vigor and depression with increasing bromocriptine doses. No other mood effects were observed. Conclusion. These results support the hypothesis that dopaminergic mechanisms mediate cigarette smoking reinforcement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2137
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad.; syn. Bassia scoparia (L.) A.J. Scott] is a weed that infests cereal crops in the Great Plains of the USA, often severely reducing yields. Herbicides have controlled kochia, but recently kochia has developed resistance to many herbicides. Nonherbicide alternatives are therefore needed for the integrated management of kochia. Greenhouse and growth chamber competition studies were conducted between kochia, a C4 weed, and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to determine the environmental conditions that would render kochia most vulnerable to competition by a small-grain crop. Replacement-series experiments between kochia and wheat or barley were conducted under various temperature, soil moisture, and light conditions. Unlike wheat, kochia growth and photosynthesis were suppressed under cool temperatures. Barley suppressed kochia more than wheat did because of its larger canopy, despite its lower photosynthetic rates. Under high radiation conditions and warm temperatures, growth and photosynthesis were greater for kochia than wheat. Warm temperatures also increased dark respiration and reduced water use efficiency under low radiation conditions, however, thus limiting kochia's competitiveness under a closed canopy. Water stress did not affect competition, although net photosynthetic rates of kochia were greater at photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) values 〉 400 μmol m−2 s−1. Growth and CO2 exchange rates varied among four different kochia accessions, but growth of all accessions was reduced by shade. Results suggest that a leafy, cold-tolerant crop or cultivar, grown early in the season to produce necessary ground cover, should provide opportunity to suppress kochia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    ISSN: 1435-0157
    Keywords: Key words geophysical methods ; contamination ; coastal aquifers ; landfills ; New Zealand
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La décharge de Burwood, qui est utilisée par la ville de Christchurch (Nouvelle Zélande), est située sur des sables littoraux recouvrant une séquence d'aquifères et d'imperméables. Les eaux souterraines s'écoulent vers la côte, à environ 700 m de la limite de la décharge. Peu après la fin de la première phase de développement de la décharge, un dispositif a été mis en place sur les puits afin de détecter la présence de contaminants provenant de la décharge. Des fuites ont été détectées dans les puits les plus proches de la décharge. Une reconnaissance électromagnétique de surface au moyen d'un EM31 a été réalisée entre la décharge et la côte pour délimiter l'éventuel panache de pollution. Les résultats de la prospection géophysique ont permis d'identifier ce panache ainsi que d'anciens chenaux alluviaux aboutissant à la côte. En aval-gradient, le panache s'étale vers le nord et vers le sud tout en se déplaçant vers l'est en direction de la côte. A partir des résultats de la géophysique, une nouvelle série de puits a été mise en place pour confirmer la présence de concentrations élevées en lessivat. Le prélèvement d'eau porale a confirmé la présence d'un panache de lessivat.
    Abstract: Resumen El vertedero de Burwood, que presta servicio a la ciudad de Christchurch (Nueva Zelanda), está ubicado sobre arenas litorales que coronan una secuencia de acuíferos y acuitardos. El flujo subterráneo se dirige hacia la costa, situada a unos 700 m al Este del perímetro del vertedero. Tras ultimar la primera fase de construcción, se procedió a la instalación de una batería de pozos para detectar cualquier contaminante procedente del vertedero, descubriéndose lixiviados en los pozos más cercanos. También se llevó a cabo una campaña electromagnética somera (EM31) entre el vertedero y la costa con el fin de delimitar los penachos de contaminación que pudieran formarse. A partir de los datos geofísicos se logró identificar un penacho y varios paleocanales conectados a la costa. El fujo de lixiviados se inicia probablemente a través de uno o dos de dichos canales. Aguas abajo, la pluma sufre una dispersión según la dirección Norte-Sur a lo largo de su desplazamiento hacia la costa. Utilizando como guía los resultados geofísicos, se instaló una segunda batería de pozos para confirmar la presencia de concentraciones elevadas de lixiviados. El análisis del agua intersticial corrobora la presencia de una pluma de contaminación.
    Notes: Abstract The Burwood landfill, which serves the city of Christchurch, New Zealand, is situated on coastal sands underlain by a sequence of aquifers and aquitards. Groundwater flow is toward the coast, located approximately 700 m from the landfill boundary. Shortly after completion of the first phase of the landfill, an array of wells was installed to detect any contaminant from the landfill. Leachate was detected in the wells closest to the landfill. A shallow electromagnetic (EM31) survey was carried out between the landfill and the coast, in order to delineate any leachate plume that may be present. On the basis of the geophysical results, a contaminant plume and buried channels connected to the coast were identified. Leachate flow initially occurs in what is probably a channel or pair of channels. Downgradient, the plume spreads out to the north and south as it moves eastward toward the coast. Using the geophysical results as a guide, a new set of wells was installed to confirm the presence of high leachate concentrations. Pore-water sampling confirms the presence of a leachate plume.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...