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Development of calcitonin gene-related peptide slow-release tablet implanted in CSF space for prevention of cerebral vasospasm after experimental subarachnoid haemorrhage (1996)

Ahmad, I. ; Imaizumi, S. ; Shimizu, H. ; [et al.]

Springer

Acta neurochirurgica 138 (1996), S. 1230-1240

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ISSN: 0942-0940

Keywords: Calcitonin gene-related peptide ; slow-release tablet ; subarachnoid haemorrhage ; cerebral vasospasm

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Summary The calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a known potent intrinsic cerebral vasodilator, is contained in the sensory nerves from trigeminal ganglia that inervate the cerebral arteries. We previously reported that human α CGRP (hCGRP) dilates spastic cerebral arteries after experimental subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) in rabbits. In the present study, we investigated the prophylactic potential of a sustained higher cerebrospinal fluid level ofhCGRP against experimental cerebral vasospasm. AnhCGRP slow-release tablet (hCGRP s-r tablet) was developed for cisternal implantation. Experimental SAH was induced by percutaneous cisternal injection of autologous arterial blood. Angiography was initiated on day 1 (before SAH) and performed everyday. ThehCGRP s-r tablet was implanted into the cisterna magna on day 2 in the treated groups. The spastic response of the basilar artery was maximized on day 4 in the non-treated (80.7% of day 1) and the placebo-treated (79.3%) groups. In contrast, the arterial diameters on day 4 were 96.1% and 90.5% of day 1 in the groups implanted withhCGRP 24 μg and 153 μg s-r tablets, respectively. We also measured the concentration ofhCGRP in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) following implantation of thehCGRP 24 μg s-r tablet in the cisterna magna. The hCGRP concentration before implantation was below the dectable level. Following implantation, thehCGRP level in the CSF was 23.12 nmol/L on the second day and remained at elevated levels until the fifth day. These experiments suggest that the intrathecal single implantation of thehCGRP s-r tablet could produce an elevated concentration ofhCGRP in the CSF over five days and have prevented the cerebral vasospasm after SAH in the rabbit. ThehCGRP s-r tablet may be clinically applicable in the treatment of patients with SAH against cerebral vasospasm.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01809753

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High-pressure Raman study of dense methane: CH4 and CD4 (1995)

Wu, Y. H. ; Sasaki, S. ; Shimizu, H.

Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 26 (1995), S. 963-967

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ISSN: 0377-0486

Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics

Notes: High-pressure Raman spectra of liquid and solid CH4 and CD4 were measured up to 18 and 13 GPa, respectively, at 300 K in a gasketed diamond-anvil cell. On the basis of visual observations under the polarizing microscope and changes in the Raman spectra, it was confirmed that there are only two solid phases (I and VII) for CH4 and CD4 at 300 K up to 18 GPa; no solid-solid phase transition was found around 12 GPa, in contrast to earlier claims. In phase VII, some molecules are orientationally ordered, whereas others are orientationally disordered, just like the low-temperature solid phases II, III, IV and V.

Additional Material: 6 Ill.