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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (46)
  • 1990-1994  (29)
  • 1980-1984  (16)
  • 1940-1944  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lorentz electron microscopy studies of magnetization reversal processes in epitaxial Fe(001) films : The 6th joint magnetism and magnetic materials (MMM)-intermag conference (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 6440-6442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The magnetic domain structure and microscopic magnetization reversal processes in epitaxial Fe/GaAs(001) films with cubic anisotropy and in-plane easy axes have been investigated by a Lorentz microscope equipped with a magnetizing stage. For the films of a few hundred angstroms thickness we observe the single domain remanent state predicted for a two-dimensional film but find that domains play a crucial role in the magnetic reversal process. For reversal along the in-plane 〈110〉 directions (hard axes), magnetization reversal proceeds via a combination of coherent rotation and displacements of weakly pinned 90° domain walls at critical fields. For magnetization reversal along the in-plane 〈100〉 directions (easy axes), an irregular checkerboard domain structure develops at the critical field and both 180° and 90° domain walls coexist. The reversal of the domains with magnetization vector opposite to the applied field direction takes place by a combination of two 90° reorientations. We discuss how these processes are related to the magnetic anisotropies present in the film and the macroscopic M-H hysteresis curves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358248
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron-energy-loss spectroscopy of Fe thin films on GaAs(001) : 38th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 6501-6503 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An electron-microscopy-based technique of electron-energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) has been used to characterize electronic and magnetic properties of ultrathin Fe films grown on GaAs(100) surface, as a function of the film thickness. Large-area electron transparent membranes for microscopic analysis are prepared by ion-beam thinning or chemical etching from the substrate side, and the top surface of the ultrathin Fe film is protected by a thin Cr layer. Analysis of the Fe 2p, Cr 2p, and O 1s absorption spectra confirms that only the Cr layer is oxidized. The local magnetic moments of the ultrathin Fe films are deduced from the "white line'' branching ratio in the Fe 2p absorption spectra. For Fe films as thin as 150 A(ring), the magnetic moment is not different from that found in bulk α-Fe. For a 70-A(ring) Fe film, the local magnetic moment is enhanced although the average magnetization is reduced. As doping is suspected to be the cause for the departure from bulk α-Fe properties. In the case where the 50-A(ring) film is polycrystalline and discontinuous, spatially resolved EELS has been used to distinguish small island clusters from large crystalline particles. The large particles are α-Fe crystallites and the islands are probably also heavily affected by As doping.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.356950
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physical and Spectroscopic Studies of Polypyrrole Films Containing Transition-Metal EDTA Chelates (1994)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Chemistry of materials 6 (1994), S. 697-706 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5002
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm00041a022
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparative study of costs for dental services and dentists’incomes in the United States and Norway (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 22 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract – The United States and Norway have approximately the same per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and average personal income, but their per capita health spending patterns are quite different. In 1982, the US spent 6.5% of its total health expenditures on dental services while Norway spent 5.4%. A higher percentage of Norwegian adults see a dentist annually as compared to US adults. In 1984, the mean net income of dentists in private practice was $66940 in the US and 27 125 in Norway; this is respectively 5 and 1 3/4 times the average per capita income in those countries. The American publicly-employed dentist earned approximately two-thirds of what the American private practitioner made, while still earning approximately 50% more than his Norwegian counterpart. Some basic information concerning the ratios of dentists, specialists, and dental hygienists to the population is given. The relative proportion of women dentists in the two countries is contrasted. Finally, data on graduates from the dental schools, enrollment cuts, and estimated dentist to population ratios by the year 2000 are described to compare future manpower that will be available to the two countries. Several dissimilarities in the political and social systems are described and discussed. It is emphasized that caution should be used when interpreting and comparing data about countries with different dental delivery, political, and social systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1994.tb01574.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Applications of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (1984)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 12 (1984), S. 39-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6597
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ea.12.050184.000351
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copper(II) complexes of the antiulcer drug cimetidine (1980)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 102 (1980), S. 7782-7784 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00546a027
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stimulated parotid salivary flow rates in normotensive, hypertensive, and hydrochlorothiazide-medicated African-Americans (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral pathology & medicine 23 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0714
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Stimulated parotid salivary flow rates were compared in elderly normotensive, hypertensive, and controlled hypertensive African–Americans, the latter group taking hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ). The normotensive group consisted of 15 healthy unmedicated subjects with systolic blood pressures of less than 150 mm Hg and diastolic pressures less than 90 mm Hg. The hypertensive group consisted of 10 unmedicated subjects with systolic pressures greater than 160 mm Hg and diastolic pressures greater than 100 mm Hg. The controlled hypertensive group consisted of 20 subjects taking HCTZ (50 mg, daily) with controlled blood pressures similar to the normotensive control group. Stimulated parotid salivary samples were collected from each subject. A 2% citrate solution applied to the dorsum of the tongue was used for stimulation. The results showed no significant differences in stimulated parotid flow rates between normotensive and uncontrolled hypertensive subjects. However, the medicated, controlled hypertensive subjects had a significant reduction of stimulated parotid salivary flow rates compared to both the normotensive and hypertensive groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.1994.tb00060.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Melanin Standard Method: Particle Description (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Periodontology 2000 5 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0757
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Melanin isolated from the ink sac of Sepia officinalis (Sepia melanin) has been proposed as a standard for natural eumelanin. There are no standard methods for the isolation, purification, and storage of melanins. Mild methods designed to preserve the native composition and structure of melanin are needed. The specific aim of the present work, using Sepia melanin, was to develop a mild and generally applicable protocol for the isolation and purification of melanins. It is well established that melanin polymers contain a large number of free carboxylic acid residues. These anionic residues are responsible for the cation exchange properties observed for melanins. Heating melanins with hydrochloric acid at reflux has been demonstrated to lead to extensive decarboxylation. Indeed, heat alone has been shown to cause decarboxylation, and care must be exercised to avoid such conditions. By analogy with cation exchange resins, melanins should be isolated and named according to the associated counterion (e.g., Sepia melanin—K+ form). The method reported here avoided extremes in pH and temperature, and was designed to yield melanin in the K+ form. Physical disaggregation of particulate melanin using a wet milling step was also found to facilitate removal of significant quantities of adsorbed protein. The following physical parameters were used to monitor the purification and to characterize the resultant melanin: pH, conductance, particle size, and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0749.1992.tb00009.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevalence, extent, severity and progression of periodontal disease (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Periodontology 2000 2 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0757
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0757.1993.tb00220.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Periodontal diseases and tooth loss (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Periodontology 2000 2 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0757
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0757.1993.tb00224.x
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