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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (48)
  • 1990-1994  (34)
  • 1980-1984  (14)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 3663-3669 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this paper, the magnetic properties of ferromagnetic oxide films of the ternary Fe2O3-Bi2O3-PbTiO0 system prepared by rf-reactive sputtering are presented. As-sputtered films deposited at a substrate temperature below 400 °C are amorphous and behave paramagnetically. Amorphous films like these whose composition corresponds to the perovskite solid solution of BiFeO3 -PbTiO3 become crystalline with a perovskite structure on annealing in air, but no distinct spontaneous magnetization appears. On the contrary, in certain compositions in the Fe2O3 -Bi2O3 -PbTiO3 system, the samples retain a glassy (or amorphouslike) state even when the samples were annealed at around 600 °C. Also a spontaneous magnetization appears at room temperature. The maximum room-temperature saturation magnetization 4πMs achieved in this system is 1.67 kG with the composition 0.74Fe2O3 -0.16Bi2O3 -0.10PbTiO3. Experiments imply that the amorphous state is essential for establishment of strong ferromagnetism in the sputtered oxide films. Mössbauer spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were performed to examine the microscopic properties of the films that lead to ferromagnetism. The optical transmissivity and magneto-optical Faraday effect of the films are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 3760-3764 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Amorphous-like oxide films of the Bi2O3-Fe2O3-PbTiO3 ternary system prepared by rf-reactive sputtering exhibit ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity simultaneously well above room temperature. In this paper, we have investigated the relation between the film structure and the magnetic properties of the films by means of x-ray diffractometry, transmission electron microscopy, magnetization measurement with a vibrating-sample magnetometer, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The film composition used in the study is 0.16Bi2O3-0.74Fe2O3-0.10PbTiO3, which attains the maximum magnetization in this ternary system. It is revealed that ferromagnetism originates from the amorphous part in the films.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 2187-2191 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A technique is developed to control the chemical reactivity of a silicon single-crystal surface through chemical modification with atomic hydrogen. The reactivity of the reconstructed single-crystal surface prepared by high-temperature treatment in an ultrahigh vacuum is significantly decreased by capping the dangling bonds of top-layer silicon atoms with hydrogen atoms. The Si—H bonds on the hydrogenated surface are found to be much more stable against oxidation than the Si—Si back bonds. The hydrogen-passivated silicon surface is reactivated by electron beam irradiation. An ultrathin oxide layer pattern can be prepared using preferential oxidation of the area reactivated by a focused electron beam.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990), S. 5307-5309 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The TbFeCo films were prepared at argon gas pressure PAr of 0.8 and 3.6 mTorr by using the facing targets sputtering (FTS) apparatus. The films showed the polar Kerr rotation angle θk as large as 0.43° at a wavelength of 830 nm. In polar Kerr hysteresis loops, the films with large θk showed the rectangular loops in which the gradient of magnetization at an applied field of coercivity was extremely large. Moreover, the films deposited at PAr of 0.8 mTorr showed the strong wavelength dependence of θk compared with the ones deposited at PAr of 3.6 mTorr.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 97 (1992), S. 9492-9493 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 3378-3383 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A system to provide a liquid or solid deuterium shell target with a plastic ablator for laser implosion experiments was developed. The system is capable of filling a plastic capsule with deuterium gas of 11 MPa at room temperature at the firing position in the target chamber. Then, the target is cooled down to a cryogenic temperature to form a uniform liquid or solid fuel layer inside without exposing it to the atmosphere. Details of the system, tensile strength of polystyrene shells at low temperature, and the residual vapor pressure in the central void of the target at the laser irradiation are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990), S. 604-606 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Low-energy ion bombardment during film growth can significantly modify film properties. The practical advantages of using an ionized cluster beam (ICB) include reduced damages and high deposition rates at low temperature. The design and the characteristics of the ICB source are described. The ionized cluster trajectories and the potential profiles were numerically calculated in order to optimize the design. The ionization chamber has restrictive electrodes to enhance the ionization probability in the low cluster density region near the anode. With these electrodes, the source provides uniform ion current densities up to 30 μA/cm2 at voltages ranging from 200 to 8000 V over a 127 mm diam substrate at a distance of 300 mm from the source. The ICB source can operate over a wide temperature range up to 2000 °C. Deposition rates up to 120 nm/min are obtained for Ti, Si, and Cu. The source has successfully operated for more than 100 h in several industrial applications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 17 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We examined 12 depressed tubular adenomas of the stomach pathologically and immunohistochemically in order to clarify the difference between the depressed type and the elevated type. Depressed tubular adenomas showed shallow mucosal depression and, of the 12, nine were endoscopically diagnosed as early gastric cancer. Histologically, the adenoma cells showed dysplasia in varying degree and focal adenocarcinoma occurred in two adenomas measuring over 2 cm. The mean height of the adenoma glands was 0.63 ± 0.31 mm in the 12 depressed adenomas and 1.32 ± 0.43 mm in 44 elevated adenomas, while the mean heights of the subjacent mucosa were 0.18 ± 0.19 mm and 1.07 ± 0.71 mm, respectively. Thus, depressed adenomas resulted from paucity of the mucosa subjacent to the adenoma glands and the height of the adenomatous glands was half that found in the elevated type. Goblet cells, a variety of endocrine cells and lysozyme-containing cells were found in nine, nine and eight depressed adenomas, respectively, in variable numbers. Hyperplasia of these cells was also detected in depressed adenomas showing mild or moderate dysplasia. Immunohistochemical examination revealed no difference in the phenotypic expression of adenoma cells as between the depressed and the elevated type.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 6 (1982), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A total of 171 gastric carcinomas comprising 69 advanced cancers and 102 early cancers were examined immunohistochemically for lysozyme. Tumour cells containing lysozyme were detected in 65 cases or 38% of the 171 gastric cancer cases. The incidence of these cells did not differ remarkably by histological type and infiltrative growth of gastric carcinoma. Of the foregoing 65 cases, two well-differentiated adenocarcinomas and three signet ring cell carcinomas had numerous lysozyme-containing tumour cells, 13 had many argentaffin or argyrophil cells, and 40 had various amounts of several types of mucin. In addition, tumour cells containing both lysozyme and mucin could be identified. No correlation could be observed between lysozyme immunoreactivity in the tumour cells and cellular infiltration of granulocytes or macrophages around the tumour. The lysozyme appeared to be produced by tumour cells. The two year survival rates indicate a tendency for advanced gastric cancers containing lysozyme to have a poor prognosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 6 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Yokohama city has developed facilities to dry and granulate digested sludge, and has been producing and selling sludge fertilizer since 1977. Concurrently, investigations have been carried out on the continuous use of sludge fertilizer with respect to its nutrient value and the influence of heavy metals.Four types of fertilizer and eight types of crop were used in the test. The nutrient values and other aspects were compared statistically for assessment.It was found that (a) sludge fertilizer had the same nutrient value as organic fertilizer, (b) there was minimal transfer of heavy metals from sludge to crops, and (c) sludge fertilizer could be used continuously over a long period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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