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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (2)
  • 1990-1994  (2)
  • China  (1)
  • Death kinetics  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental management 18 (1994), S. 889-899 
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: China ; Glass ; Hard plastic ; Paper ; Polystyrene foam cups
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A group of five different types of reusable and disposable hot drink cups have been analyzed in detail with respect to their overall energy costs during fabrication and use. Electricity generating methods and efficiencies have been found to be key factors in the primary energy consumption for the washing of reusable cups and a less important factor in cup fabrication. In Canada or the United States, over 500 or more use cycles, reusable cups are found to have about the same or slightly more energy consumption, use for use, as moulded polystyrene foam cups used once and then discarded. For the same area paper cups used once and discarded are found to consume less fossil fuel energy per use than any of the other cup types examined. Details of this analysis, which could facilitate the comparative assessment of other scenarios, are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 12 (1993), S. 232-239 
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Listeria monocytogenes ; Predictive model ; Thermal/heat inactivation ; Death kinetics ; Vitalistic ; Logistic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Thermal inactivation of microorganisms has traditionally been described as log-linear in nature, that is the reduction in log numbers of survivors decreases in a linear manner with time. This is despite a plethora of data that shows consistent deviations from such kinetics for a wide range of organisms and conditions and that cannot be accounted for by experimental artifacts. Existing thermal death models fail to take such deviations into account and also fail to quantify the effects of heating menstruum on heat sensitivity. The thermal inactivation ofListeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 has been investigated using a factorially-designed experiment comparing 45 conditions of salt concentration, pH value and temperature. Heating was carried out using a Submerged Coil heating apparatus that minimized experimental artifacts. Low pH values increased, whilst high salt concentrations decreased heat sensitivity. Results showed a significant and consistent deviation from log-linear kinetics, particularly at low temperatures. A number of distributions were tested for suitability to describe the variability of heat sensitivity within the population of heated cells (vitalistic approach). The use of the logistic function and log dose (log time) allowed the development of an accurate unifying predictive model across the whole range of heating conditions. It is proposed that this approach should be tested as a generalized modeling technique for death kinetics of vegetative bacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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