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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (17)
  • 1990-1994  (17)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 98 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective— To establish the prevalence of babies born before arrival at two local hospitals. To identify women at risk of giving birth before arrival, and the morbidity and mortality associated with such births.Design— A. case control study. Each baby born before arrival and its mother were compared with the next born in the hospital (random control), and one matched for gestation and birthweight, together with their mothers.Setting— Two maternity units serving East Birmingham and Solihull.Subjects— All babies (and their mothers) born before arrival at these hospitals from January 1983 to December 1987.Main outcome measures— Perinatal mortality rates, patterns of perinatal morbidity, demographic, social and obstetric features of the mothers.Results— 137 (0.44%) of 31 140 consecutive births were before arrival at hospital (BBA group). The perinatal mortality rate in the BBA group was 58.4/1000 (8 deaths) compared with 10.1/1000 for all inborn babies (relative risk 5.8, 95% confidence interval 2.9–11.4). In the BBA group the mean birthweight of 3008 g was 212 g (95% CI 50–374 g) less than that in the random control group; the mean gestation of 266 days was 10 days less (95% CI 5.9–14.1 days) than in the random control group. Hypothermia was the commonest morbidity. Women delivered before arrival tended to be either multigravid inner city Asians living a long way from the hospital or unmarried unbooked younger white Europeans.Conclusions— The high perinatal mortality was related to immaturity and low birthweight, rather than to birth before arrival itself. Although groups of mothers at risk of delivery before arrival can be identified more information is needed to establish whether additional antenatal care would be beneficial for these women and their babies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Genetics 27 (1993), S. 33-70 
    ISSN: 0066-4197
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 8 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract: Solving the customer's LAN/WAN interconnect problem is difficult because of the need to explore many possible configurations (e.g. bridging/routing, packet/channels) and then to choose the best configuration using economic, performance and other criteria. The rapid introduction of new standards, protocols and products to the networking field brings additional complications to the solution and can cause confusion when configuring a network. ALCA is intended to generate all feasible LAN/WAN configuration possibilities automatically and to pick the most appropriate solution to solve the customer's problem, while specifically addressing open systems interconnection (OSI) standards. Matching communications protocols while searching all possible configurations is notoriously slow even on a computer. We show how the search speed can be significantly improved by using expert system knowledge compilation, a computer-aided software engineering (CASE) technique. ALCA is based on a centrally updated knowledge base of various local area networking products and their interconnect possibilities. ALCA also allows querying to find out protocol interfaces supported by a particular product/service. Finally, it includes a graphic user interface and context-sensitive menus to reduce user information load. ALCA is intended to be used by the field personnel involved in pre-sales support, by the data communication product managers, and as an educational tool for novice communication product managers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 46 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 112 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A new cytoplasmic male-sterility system was developed in an oilseed Brassica, viz. B. juncea var. ‘Pusa Bold’ with the cytoplasmic background of a wild species, Diplotaxis siifolia, obtained through wide hybridization. The synthetic alloploid (D. siifolia×B. juncea: 2n = 56, D3D3AABB) was repeatedly backcrossed to B. juncea to achieve cytoplasmic substitution. The CMS plants resembled the cultivar in growth and morphology. The flowers had narrow sepals and petals and short, shrivelled anthers which failed to dehisce. The meiotic process appeared to be normal. The microspores degenerated at an early stage after tetrad formation. Female fertility in the CMS plants was as good as in the cultivar. Female transmission of sterility confirmed it to be cytoplasmically encoded.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les dépenses énergétiques et l'excrétion urinaire azotée ont été mesurées pendant une semaine, après une intervention chirurgicale chez dix patients en état de dénutrition chronique et ont été comparées à celles de dix patients dont l'état nutritionnel était normal. La dépense énergétique de base (DEB) des patients en état de dénutrition chronique n'était pas significativement plus élevée comparée aux valeurs préopératoires [respectivement, en préopératoire, et aux jours postopératoires 1, 4, et 8: 1210.66±88.13, 1354.91±86.61, 1215.09±89.68, 1188.23±86.61 kcal/jour: valeurs (moyenne ± écart-type de la moyenne)]. Les dépenses énergétiques des témoins étaient significativement plus élevées (p〈0.05) par rapport à la DEB [respectivement en préopératoire, et aux jours postopératoires 1, 4, et 8: 1357.18±70.81, 1574.66±100.35, 1502.89±109.44, 1477.23±83.52 kcal/jour: valeurs (moyenne ± écart-type de la moyenne)]. Des facteurs de stress en cause dans la dépense énergétique ont été retrouvés plus souvent (mais non significativement) chez les témoins que chez les patients en dénutrition [respectivement, pour les jours postopératoires 1, 4, et 8: 1.16 vs. 1.12, 1.11 vs. 1.00, et 1.09 vs. 0.98, (valeur moyenne ± écart-type de la moyenne)]. L'excrétion azotée (g/jour) n'était pas plus élevée par rapport à la valeur de base (valeur moyenne ± écart-type de la moyenne, respectivement, en préopératoire, et aux jours postopératoires 1, 4, et 8: 6.23±0.87, 7.72±0.71, 8.36±0.87, et 8.04±1.09) chez les patients dénutris comparés à celle des témoins (valeur moyenne ± écart-type de la moyenne, respectivement, en préopératoire, et aux jours postopératoires 1, 4, et 8: 7.59±1.03, 9.57±1.33, 9.49±1.03, et 8.67 ±0.76). Des facteurs de stress en cause dans l'excrétion urinaire d'azote ont été retrouvés plus souvent (mais non significativement) chez les patients en état de dénutrition chronique. Les résultats de cette étude montrent que les dépenses énergétiques post-opératoires chez les patients en état de dénutrition chronique étaient plus basses que chez les patients dont l'état nutritionnel est satsifaisant. L'excrétion d'urée urinaire, par contre, était similaire dans les deux groupes.
    Abstract: Resumen Pacientes con desnutrición crónica (n=10) sometidos a cirugía abdominal electiva fueron valorados en cuanto al gasto energético y las pérdidas urinarias de nitrógeno. Se hicieron mediciones una semana después de la cirugía y se calcularon los factores de estrés para cada parámetro. Los datos de los pacientes con desnutrición crónica fueron comparados con los de pacientes relativamente bien nutridos (n=10) sometidos a operaciones comparables. Se encontró que el gasto energético en reposo (REE) de los pacientes con desnutrición crónica no aparece significativamente elevado al compararlo con los valores preoperatorios (1210.66±88.13, 1354.91±86.61, 1215.09 ±89.68, 1188.23±86.61, kcal/día; preoperatorío, días 1, 4, y 8 postoperatorios respectivamente, media ± s.c.m.). Por el contrario, el gasto energético en reposo postoperatorio de los controles apareció significativamente elevado (p〈0.05) sobre los niveles bases (1357.18±70.81, 1574.66±100.35, 1502.89±109.44, y 1477.23±83.52 kcal/día; preoperatorio, días 1, 4, y 8 postoperatorios, respectivamente, media ± s.c.m.). Los factores de estrés para los controles resultaron más altos que para los desnutridos (1.16 vs. 1.12, 1.11 vs. 1.00, y 1.09 vs. 0.98; días 1, 4, y 8 postoperatorios, respectivamente). La excreción de nitrógeno urinario (g/día) no resultó significativamente elevada frente al valor de base (6.73±0.87, 7.77±0.71, 8.36±0.87, y 8.04±1.56 en el desnutrido) y 7.59±1.03, 9.57±1.33, 9.49±1.03, y 8.67±0.76 en los controles. Datos preoperatorios y para los días postoperatorios 1, 4, y 8 respectivamente, media ± s.c.m.). Los factores de estrés para la excreción de nitrógeno resultaron ligeramente más altos en el grupo de los pacientes desnutridos. Los datos del presente estudio muestran que el gasto energético postoperatorio de los pacientes con desnutrición crÔnica es menor que el de los controles en buen estado de nutrición. Sin embargo, las pérdidas de nitrógeno son similares en los dos grupos.
    Notes: Abstract Chronically undernourished patients (n=10) undergoing elective abdominal surgery were assessed with regard to their energy expenditure and urinary nitrogen loss. These measurements were made for 1 week after the surgery, and stress factors for each parameter were computed. The responses of the chronically undernourished patients were compared to those of relatively well nourished patients (n=10) undergoing comparable surgeries. It was found that the postoperative resting energy expenditure (REE) of the chronically undernourished patients was not significantly elevated when compared to their preoperative values (mean±SEM): 1210.66±88.13, 1354.91±86.61, 1215.09±89.68, and 1188.23±86.61 kcal/day preoperatively and on postoperative days 1, 4, and 8, respectively. On the other hand, the postoperative REE of the controls was significantly elevated (p〈0.05) over their baseline values: 1357.18±70.81, 1574.66±100.35, 1502.89±109.44, and 1477.23±83.52; kcal/day, respectively, for the same days. The stress factors for the controls were higher than those for the undernourished (1.16 versus 1.12, 1.11 versus 1.00, and 1.09 versus 0.98 on postoperative days 1, 4, and 8, respectively). The urinary nitrogen excretion in both groups (for the 4 days) was not significantly elevated over baseline (6.23±0.87, 7.72±0.71, 8.36±0.87, and 8.04±1.56 grams/day in the undernourished; and 7.59±1.03, 9.57±1.33, 9.49±1.03, and 8.67±0.76 grams/day in the controls. The stress factors for nitrogen excretion were slightly higher in the undernourished group. The data from this study show that the postoperative REE of chronically undernourished subjects is lower than that of well nourished controls. The nitrogen loss, however, is similar in the two groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Protoplasts were isolated from hypocotyls of 7-d-old seedlings of three genotypes of Brassica carinata after enzymatic digestion in cellulase R-10 (0.5%) and pectolyase Y-23 (0.025%). The protoplasts were stabilized with 0.4 M mannitol used as osmoticum, and were cultured in darkness in Kao's liquid medium containing 0.4 M glucose and the growth regulators 2,4-D (1.0 mg/l), NAA (0.1 mg/l) and zeatin riboside (0.5 mg/l). Protoplasts were transferred to 16 h photoperiod conditions after 3 d of dark culture, and the medium was diluted to reduce the osmoticum on the seventh and tenth days of culture. Microcolonies were thus obtained which, upon transfer to MS agarose medium with 2,4-D (0.1 mg/l), BAP (1 mg/l) and 0.1 M sucrose, proliferated further to produce callus clumps. The plating efficiency of the three genotypes varied from 1 to 2%. Calli 2–3 mm in diameter were transferred to MS agarose plates with zeatin (2 mg/l) where they produced shoot buds and shoots with frequencies ranging from 22.5 to 74.2% for the three genotypes. The shoots were rooted in medium with IBA (1 mg/l) and were then established in soil. The time required for protoplast to plant development was 8 to 10 weeks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 79 (1990), S. 285-287 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Cytoplasmic male sterility ; Brassica oxyrrhina ; B. campestris ; B. juncea ; Alien gene transfer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Synthetic alloploid Brassica oxyrrhina (2n = 18, OO) x B. campestris (2n = 20, AA) was repeatedly backcrossed with B. campestris to place B. campestris nucleus in the cytoplasm of B. oxyrrhina. Alloplasmic plants, obtained in BC5 generation, were stably male sterile but mildly chlorotic during initial development. Synthetic alloploid B. oxyrrhina-campestris was also hybridized with B. juncea to transfer B. oxyrrhina cytoplasm. Segregation for green and chlorotic plants was observed in BC1 and BC2 generations. By selection, however, normal green male sterile B. juncea was obtained in BC3. Pollen abortion in both B. campestris and B. juncea is post-meiotic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Brassica coenospecies ; Subtribe Brassicinae ; Chloroplast DNA ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Phylogeny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) variability of 60 taxa of the genus Brassica and allied genera comprising 50 species was studied. RFLPs for seven enzymes were generated and F values were estimated from five frequently cutting enzymes. Phenetic clusterings indicated a clear division of Brassica coenospecies into two distinct lineages referred to as the Brassica and Sinapis lineages. Two unexplored genera, Diplotaxis and Erucastrum, also exhibited two lineages in addition to the genera Brassica and Sinapis. This finding is inconsistent with the existing taxonomic classification based on morphology. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variability studied from EcoRI RFLP patterns, by hybridizing total DNA with four cosmid clones containing non-overlapping mtDNA fragments, did not show any congruence with cpDNA variation patterns. However, at the cytodeme level, the patterns of genetic divergence suggested by the cpDNA data could be correlated with mtDNA variation. In the Brassica lineage, Diplotaxis viminea was identified as the female parent of the allotetraploid D. muralis. The chloroplast DNAs of Erucastrum strigosum and Er. abyssinicum were found to be very closely related. In the Sinapis lineage, Brassica maurorum was found to be the diploid progenitor of autotetraploid B. cossoneana. B. amplexicaulis showed a very different cpDNA pattern from other members of the subtribe. Brassica adpressa was closest to Erucastrum laevigatum and could be the diploid progenitor of autotetraploid Er. laevigatum. Based on the close similarity of the cpDNA pattern of Diplotaxis siifolia with that of D. assurgens, we have proposed the retention of this species in the genus Diplotaxis. The taxonomic positions of some other species have also been discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 80 (1990), S. 537-541 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Brassica campestris ; B. juncea ; B. napus ; Diplotaxis siifolia ; Intergeneric hybrid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Attempts were made to obtain intergeneric hybrids between Diplotaxis siifolia, a wild species, and cultivars of Brassica (B. campestris, B. juncea, and B. napus). The crosses showed unilateral incompatibility. When the wild species was used as female parent, pollen germination and pollen tube growth were normal, but hybrid seeds aborted due to post-fertilization barriers. Reciprocal crosses (cultivars as female parent) showed strong pre-fertilization barriers; although pollen grains showed germination, pollen tubes failed to enter the stigma. Hybrids were realized in two of the crosses, D. siifolia x B. juncea and D. siifolia x B. napus, through ovary culture. The hybrids were multiplied in vitro by multiplication of axillary shoots, or somatic embryogenesis. Detailed studies were carried out on the hybrid D. siifolia x B. juncea. F1 hybrids had shrivelled anthers and were pollen sterile. Amphiploids of this hybrid showed 60% pollen fertility and produced seeds upon self-pollination as well as backcross pollination with the pollen of B. juncea.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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