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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (8)
  • 1990-1994  (8)
Source
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (8)
Material
Years
Year
Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lack of growth-stimulating effect of lactate on Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar L. (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 25 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.1994.tb00750.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of chromic oxide (Cr2O3) on faecal lipid and intestinal microflora of seawater-reared Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L.) (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 25 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.1994.tb00697.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lipid nutrition in Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L.): a mini review (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 25 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. Several investigations have used Cr2O3 (chromic oxide) as an indigestible marker in digestibility studies. However, in this review the effect of chromic oxide on dietary lipid during passage through the digestive tract, and the gastrointestinal microflora in long-term nutrition studies in Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L.), are discussed. Based on these results it is suggested that the use of chromic oxide may lead to erroneous results. Furthermore, this paper focuses on the effect of dietary linoleic add (18:2 n–6), acetate and salinity on lipid and individual fatty acid digestibilities in Arctic charr.No full studies have been carried out regarding the essential fatty acid requirement (EFA) of Arctic charr. Available data indicate that (n–3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are the prime EFA, as in most other salmonids. Furthermore, quantitative EFAn requirements may be higher than the 1% dietary level described for other salmonids. Feeding (n–3) PUFAs at 1% lead to high contents of (n–9) PUFAs in the polar lipids, presently recognized as‘indicators’of EFA deficiency. Moreover, this review focuses on elongation and desaturation of short-chain EFA to their C20 C 22 counterparts, and the feedback inhibition of this ability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.1994.tb00746.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Does dietary linoleic acid affect intestinal microflora in Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L.)? (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 24 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.1993.tb00837.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microflora of Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L.): gastrointestinal microflora of free-living fish and effect of diet and salinity on intestinal microflora (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 25 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. The adherent aerobic bacterial flora present in the gastrointestinal tract and faeces of free-living Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L.), from Lake Takvatn, Northern Norway, were identified both qualitatively and quantitatively. Approximately 105 bacteria g−1 were found in both the small and large intestines. The predominant bacterial species were identified as Aeromonas, Enterobacteriaceae, Micrococcus and Lactobacillus. Other microorganisms isolated included Acinetobacter, Cytophaga, Flavobacterium, Moraxella, Pseudomonas, Vibrio, Coryneforms and Streptococcus. The intestinal microflora of free-living fish was dominated by Aeromonas and Lactobacillus, but the intestinal bacterial flora of wild fish transferred to hatchery was affected by feeding them either a capelin roe diet or a commercial feed in fresh and sea water. Approximately 55% of the bacterial flora in intestinal contents from fish fed the capelin roe diet was Enterobacteriaceae when the fish were held in fresh and sea water. However, when the wild-caught charr were fed a commercial diet in fresh water, Aeromonas and Pseudomonas dominated in faeces, while Vibrio and Pseudomonas were predominant in the diet group held in sea water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.1994.tb00726.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Does chromic oxide (Cr2O3) affect faecal lipid and intestinal bacterial flora in Arctic charr. Salvelinus alpinus (L.)? (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 24 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. Arctic charr. Salvelinus alpinus (L.), were fed a commercial diet with or without a supplement of 1% chromic oxide (Cr2O3) in fresh water at 8°C for 70 days. Supplementation of the diet with 1% chromic oxide did not affect the lipid composition of stomach contents, but did affect that of the faeces.Highest total lipid content in faeces was observed when fish were fed on the diet supplemented with chromic oxide. The proportion of triacylglycerols and free fatty acids increased in the neutral lipid fraction. The level of the dietary fatty acids 16:0, 16:1 and 18:1 increased, while 20:1 (n-9), 22:1 (n-11) and 18:2 (n-6) decreased significantly (P 〈 0·05) compared to the unsupplemented diet.Total viable counts (TVC) of aerobic microorganisms were somewhat higher in stomach contents when the charr were fed on the unsupplemented diet. In faeces from charr fed the unsupplemented diet, TVC were higher, by a factor of 10 compared to fish fed diet supplemented with chromic oxide. Bacterial composition in stomach content of both rearing groups were dominated by Pseudomonas sp. and Agrobacterium sp., but the number of Lactobacillus sp. and Streptococcus sp. enhanced in stomach content when the fish were fed on the chromic oxide enriched diet. The faecal bacterial flora were also different between the rearing groups. The predominant bacterial species present in the faeces of fish fed unsupplemented diet were identified as Pseudomonas sp. and Aeromonas sp. Other bacterial species isolated included Lactobacillus sp., Streptococcus sp., Agrobacterium sp., Flavobacterium sp. and Vibrio sp. In contrast, the bacteria flora in faeces of fish fed the chromic oxide diet was dominated by the Gram-positive bacteria Streptococcus and Lactobacillus.It is suggested that the use of chromic oxide as a marker in digestibility studies in Arctic charr may not be ideal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.1993.tb00656.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lipids of arctic charr,Salvelinus alpinus (L.) I. Dietary induced changes in lipid class and fatty acid composition (1991)
    Springer
    Fish physiology and biochemistry 9 (1991), S. 151-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Keywords: arctic charr ; diet ; lipids ; metabolism ; desaturation ; elongation ; polyunsaturated fatty acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus L.) were fed either a commercial diet or six experimental test diets containing coconut oil and different polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) at a level of 1% by dry weight. Best growth rates were observed with the commercial diet, worst with diet containing coconut oil with no PUFA. An increase in hepatic lipid, hepatic sterol esters and muscular moisture content, and a decrease in muscular lipid was generally found in fish fed the test diets compared to those maintained on the commercial diet. Phosphatidylcholine was the dominant polar lipid (PL) class in all tissues examined. Extensive modification of dietary saturated fatty acids into 18:1 (n-9) was observed in tissue triacylglycerols (TAG) of fish fed test diets. No changes occurred with the commercial diet. Dietary PUFA were essentially incorporated unchanged into tissue TAG of all fish in the present study. PUFA composition of hepatic phospholipids was significantly influenced by that contained in the diets. However both 18:2 (n-6) and 18:3 (n-3) in the test diets were extensively elongated and desaturated prior to incorporation into PL. The (n-9) PUFA content was always higher in liver of fish fed the test diets. When 18:2 (n-6) and 18:3 (n-3) were supplied together, the level of (n-3) PUFA exceeded those of (n-6) PUFA. Muscle PL were less influenced by diet than liver. In muscle (n-3) PUFA were always the predominant PUFA irrespective of diet. Only low amounts of (n-9) PUFA were found. It is suggested that (n-3) PUFA are the prime essential fatty acids for Arctic charr, and that they are used in preference to (n-6) PUFA for elongation, desaturation and incorporation into PL. The results suggest that the quantitative requirement of Arctic charr for EFA is may be higher than that of other salmonids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02265131
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lipids of arctic charr,Salvelinus alpinus (L.) II. Influence of dietary fatty acids on the elongation and desaturation of linoleic and linolenic acid (1992)
    Springer
    Fish physiology and biochemistry 9 (1992), S. 393-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Keywords: Arctic charr ; diet ; lipid ; polyunsaturated fatty acids ; elongation ; desaturation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Arctic charr,Salvelinus alpinus L. were fed five test diets containing 0% or 1% of different polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for 93 days. The fish were injected intraperitoneally with (1−14C)–18:2(n−6) or (1−14C)–18:3(n−3), and the bioconversion to longer chain PUFA studied. The conversion rate in neutral lipids was slow, with most label found as the fatty acid injected, while extensive modification took place prior to or during incorporation into polar lipids. Linolenic acid was preferred over linoleic acid as substrate for elongation and desaturation regardless of diet. In polar lipids, the predominant products of (1−14C)–18:2(n−6) metabolism were generally 20:3(n−6) and 20:4(n−6), while 18:4(n−3), 20:5(n−3) and 22:6(n−3) were the major products of (1−14C)–18:3(n−3) metabolism. The lack of radioactivity in 22:5(n−6) suggests that Δ 4 desaturation is specific for (n−3) PUFA. Feeding the PUFA deficient diet reduced the Δ 5 desaturation compared to fish maintained on PUFA supplemented diets. The Δ 6 desaturation was only reduced in fish fed C18 PUFA and injected with (1−14C)–18:3(n−3). Longer chain C20 and C22 PUFA, particularly those of the (n−3) family, exerted some inhibition on the elongation and desaturation of injected fatty acids compared to those fed C18 PUFA. The incorporation of radiolabelled fatty acids into polar lipids of fish fed a commercial diet was very low, and the desaturation neglectible in both polar and neutral lipids, showing that Arctic charr under culture conditions do not convert short chain PUFA to longer chain metabolites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02274220
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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