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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (2)
  • 1980-1984  (2)
  • 1960-1964
  • asthma  (1)
  • beta-blockade  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Individualized aminophylline therapy in patients with obstructive airway disease: Oral dosage prediction from an intravenous test dose (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 23 (1982), S. 111-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: aminophylline ; asthma ; individual aminophylline dose ; theophylline disposition ; intravenous test dose ; oral dosage prediction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Theophylline disposition after an intravenous test dose of aminophylline was determined in 83 subjects: 7 patients with and 58 without congestive heart failure (CHF), and 18 healthy controls. Based on the pharmacokinetics of theophylline in the individual, the oral dosage of aminophylline was scheduled to attain steady-state trough theophylline concentrations (Cpred) near the therapeutic margin. Significant differences in theophylline clearance with a relatively constant volume of distribution were observed between various groups divided by age, smoking habit and CHF; the significantly different (p〈0.001) mean clearance values were: 0.042±0.0161/h/kg (mean ± SD) in patients without CHF (n=58) as opposed to 0.016±0.001 l/h/kg in patients with CHF(n=7), 0.038±0.013 l/h/kg in non-smokers (n=59) versus 0.054±0.015 l/h/kg in smoking subjects (n=17), and 0.030±0.010 l/h/kg in elderly (〉60 years) non-smoking patients (n=7) versus 0.057±0.017 l/h/kg in smoking patients (n=5) aged 40 to 59 years. No gender-related difference was detected in theophylline disposition. For all subjects together (n=83), there was no significant correlation between age and clearance (r=-0.111, p〉0.1). The multivariate analysis indicated that the overall variability in theophylline clearance was affected first by the smoking habit (t=4.960; p〈0.001) and second by CHF (t=-3.052; p〈0.001), but not by age (t=1.140) or by sex (t=0.069). 78% of the patients who did not have CHF required a daily dose of aminophylline of 600 to 900 mg, whereas a dose of 300 to 450 mg was the rule in patients with CHF. The measured steady-state minimum concentration (Cmeas) ranged from 5.4 to 14.6 µg/ml (9.0±2.2 µg/ml: mean ± SD) which was in good agreement with the Cpred (5.6 to 13.6, 9.0±1.6 µg/ml) in all patients (n=60) who received the oral dose of aminophylline calculated from the test dose. The overall prediction error was -0.08±1.83 µg/ml (−1.42±19.90%); only 3 of 60 measurements were found to be outside±2 SD. It is concluded that using a test dose to individualize aminophylline therapy is likely to remain the most reliable means to assure the maximum therapeutic benefit in patients with airway obstruction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00545964
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concentration-effect and time-effect relationships of carteolol (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 25 (1983), S. 749-757 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: carteolol ; beta-blockade ; dose-response relation ; duration of action ; plasma level-effect relation ; pharmacodynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The concentration-beta blocking effect and time-effect relationships of carteolol were examined in eight normal adults given 15 mg i.v. and 20 mg orally on separate occasions. Resting and post-exercise blood pressures and heart rates were assessed before and at various times up to 48 h after each dose. Carteolol, a β-blocker with some partial agonist activity, produced an insignificant, transient increase in heart rate 2 to 6 h after both doses, and a fall (p〈0.05) in diastolic blood pressure 4 and 6 h after the intravenous dose and 6 h after the oral dose in the resting supine position, as compared to the corresponding baseline values. All values of the post-exercise heart rate and the double product after each of the doses were significantly (p〈0.001) below the baseline values for the entire period (48 h) of observation. A significant correlation between the log plasma carteolol concentration (log C) and its beta-blocking effect (E: p〈0.001, r=0.508 i.v.; p〈0.001, r=0.626, p.o.) was found. The r-values for individuals were higher (0.852 to 0.977, intravenous; 0.817 to 0.981, oral) than for the group as a whole. The slope (m) of the relationship, E=m·log C+r, showed a certain variance within and between individuals. When the absolute reduction in exercise-induced heart rate was plotted against time and the rate of decline of effect (Rd) and duration of action were estimated from the time-effect relationship, the mean Rd values were 0.655 and 0.462 beats/min per h, and for the duration of action they were 83.8 and 123.9 h after the intravenous and oral doses, respectively. The effect declined at a slower rate (p〈0.02) and the duration of beta-blockade was longer (p〈0.01) after the oral dose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00542514
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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