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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (14)
  • 1960-1964  (14)
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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (14)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 277 (1963), S. 650-661 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In parathyreoidectomized hypocalcemic cats the discharge patterns of peripheral receptors were investigated: 1. Recordings from muscle spindle afferents showed a frequent occurrance of double and multiple discharges. Other spindle fibres discharged with normal repetitive single spike potentials but at higher frequencies than under normocalcemic conditions. 2. With increased natural activity of the receptor during muscle stretch, the doublets and multiplets gradually disappeared being replaced by a regular rapid discharge pattern. 3. Doublets and multiplets were not influenced by paralyzing the intrafusal endplates with high doses of Flaxedil. 4. Cutaneous receptors were only exceptionally found to produce double discharges. Tendon organs as well as aortic arch and pulmonary stretch receptors discharged with single spikes of higher frequency than under normocalcemic conditions. 5. Multiplets originating in peripherally cut nerve fibres could be recorded from dorsal root filaments. Evidence of increased ephaptic excitability was found. 6. The augmented reflex activity of spinal motoneurones in hypocalcemia is mainly due to an enhanced motor nerve cell excitability rather than to an increased afferent inflow.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 274 (1962), S. 511-527 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Intravascular succinylcholine (SCh) administration elicits tonic, irregular discharges of the motoneurones (MN) of cat hindlimb extensor muscles concomitant with activation of their muscle spindle afferents. Stretch of the muscle frequently inhibits the MN-discharges induced by SCh. During maximal spindle activation the monosynaptic massreflex (MMR) is decreased or absent. 2. The administration of dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHE) prior to SCh abolished the inhibition of MN-discharges induced by muscle stretch. In addition, after DHE the characteristic alternations in groups of MN between discharges and silent periods disappeared. The MMR suppression, induced by SCh, was as a rule reduced or occasionally abolished by DHE pretreatment. 3. Since DHE is known to suppress recurrent Renshaw inhibition, it is suggested that one of the factors responsible for the reflex depressing effect of SCh is an increased recurrent inhibition resulting from increased firing of a fraction of the motoneurones. 4. The existence of DHE resistant MMR depressions after SCh, observed in several cases, indicates that beside recurrent inhibition other factors may be involved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 278 (1963), S. 73-73 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 90 (1964), S. 150-166 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Sodium and potassium permeability of the membrane of myelinated nerve fibers is increased when the extracellular concentration of Ca++ is decreased (Frankenhäuser). This is the explanation of increased nerve fiber excitability during hypocalcemia. Furthermore, a certain degree of increased permeability for sodium and potassium ions leads to oscillations of the membrane potential and to short bursts of action potentials, the so-called “doublets” or “multiplets” (Turbin, Lefebvre u. Lerique). These multiplets are numerous in fast conducting nerve fibers with a thick myelin sheath but rare in thin fibers with a low conduction velocity. This conduction velocity of motoneurone and afferent fibers is low in newborns and infants during the first 2 years of life. At this age, even during marked hypocalcemia, multiplets occur only exceptionally and tetany is rare. The convulsions of babies with rickets are mostly cerebral in origin with only some tetanic symptoms (Occasionskrämpfe). Normocalcemic tetany however does not occur in infants less than 4 years of age. Tetany of older children and adults without hypcapnia, alcalosis and disturbances of electrolyte-metabolism is perhaps a membrane disease with increased sodium and potassium permeability, resulting in a marked tendency for oscillations of the membrane potential.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Permeabilität der Zellmembran für Natrium-und Kaliumionen nimmt zu, wenn die extracelluläre Calciumkonzentration abnimmt (Frankenhäuser). Hierin liegt die Erklärung für die gesteigerte Erregbarkeit der Nervenfasern bei der Hypocalcämie. Außerdem bewirkt ein bestimmtes Verhältnis von erhöhter Natrium-Kalium-Permeabilität Oscillationen des Membranpotentials, wodurch gruppierte Aktionspotentiale, sog. “Doublets” oder “Multiplets” entstehen (Turpin, Lefebvre u. Lerique). Solche Multiplets fanden wir zahlreich in den schnell-leitenden Nervenfasern mit dicker Markscheide, selten oder gar nicht in den dünneren Nervenfasern mit niedriger Leitungsgeschwindigkeit. Motorische und sensible Neuriten von Neugeborenen und Säuglingen haben noch eine niedrige Leitungsgeschwindigkeit. In diesem Lebensalter fanden wir deshalb auch bei starker Hypocalcämie nur selten und kurzdauernd Multiplets im Elektromyogramm oder in Tierversuchen bei der Ableitung einzelner Nervenfasern. Rein tetanische Anfälle sind selten während der ersten 2 Lebensjahre. Die Krampfanfälle rachitischer Säuglinge sind häufig cerebraler Genese (Okkasionskrämpfe) mit nur einzelnen tetanischen Symptomen. Die Tetanie ohne Alkalose oder Mineralstoffwechselstörungen gibt es schließlich überhaupt nicht bei Kindern unter 4 Jahren. Diese sog. normocalcämische Tetanie von älteren Kindern und Erwachsenen ist vielleicht eine Membrananomalie mit einer erhöhten Natrium-und Kalium-permeabilität, die zu der starken Oscillationsneigung des Membranpotentials und damit zu spontanen Gruppenentladungen der motorischen Nerven führt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 42 (1964), S. 140-146 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. Bei parathyreoidektomierten, hypocalcämischen Katzen zeigen Receptoren aus Haut, Muskel, Herz, Gefäßsystem, Lunge und die Chemoreceptoren des Glomus caroticum typische Veränderungen der Entladungsfolge: a) Steigerungen der Impulsfrequenz; b) paradoxes Verhalten, d. h. Frequenzminderung der adäquaten Reizung bzw. Frequenzsteigerung bei Reizabnahme; c) repetierte Entladungen, d. h. Impulsgruppen und Salven (Doublets und Multiplets). 2. Die Bedeutung dieser durch Hypocalcämie veränderten afferenten Zuströme wird diskutiert: a) im Hinblick auf die subjektiven Empfindungen, b) im Zusammenhang mit den reflektorischen Funktionen der untersuchten Receptoren bei der Homöostase des Blutdrucks und bei der Neuroregulation der Atmung.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 40 (1962), S. 246-250 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of hypocalcemia induced by excision of the parathyroid glands upon the function of spinal motoneurones and peripheral receptors were investigated in decerebrate cats. 1. In hypocalcemic convulsions the motoneurones show extraordinary high frequency discharges. 2. Both alpha and gamma motoneurones often exhibit double discharges, “doublets”. 3. The peripheral receptors, for example those in muscle spindles, have bursts of high frequency impulses “multiplets”; these are obtained with and without efferent muscle innervation. 4. The relation of this hypocalcemic excitation of the receptors to the changes in perception, spinal reflexes, and the neural control of respiration is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 40 (1962), S. 865-872 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Adrenal steroids, e.g. Prednisolone, have marked effects on different types of macropotentials recorded from the central nervous system. We have studied the effect of Prednisolone on single nerve cell discharges of decerebrate, narcotized or encéphale isolé cats. 1. In decerebrate cats after Prednisolone the tonic stretch reflex of single α-motoneurones and the discharge frequency of spontaneously active γ-motoneurones were increased. 2. After Prednisolone gastroenemius muscle spindles with intact motor supply were activated by increased frequency of fusimotor neuron impulses. Muscle spindles could not be excited after deefferentation even with high doses of Prednisolone. 3. The effect of Prednisolone could be demonstrated even on single motoneurones of encéphale isolé cats, although the activation was less pronounced than in decerebrate animals. 4. It is concluded that Prednisolone increases the excitability of each single nerve cell but the effect is potentiated by multiple neuronal connections from nerve centers, in our experiments for example, from the reticular activating system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 183 (1961), S. 134-147 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die chemische Aktivierung der Muskelspindeln mit Succinylcholin in subparalytischen Dosen wurde benutzt, um die Rolle dieser Proprioceptoren bei Spastik und Rigor mit elektromyographischer Methode zu untersuchen. 1. Bei Patienten mit einer latenten Spastik (Multiple Sklerose oder myatropische Lateralsklerose) wird der Achillessehenklonus nachSuccinylcholin für viele Minuten deutlich nachweisbar. Ein schon vorhandener Klonus wird verstärkt. Dieser Befund ist als Provokationsmethode in der Diagnostik brauchbar. 2. Der Tremor von Patienten mit M. Parkinson wird nach Succinylcholin stärker. 3. Die tonische Dehnungsaktivität der Muskulatur von Parkinsonkranken wird nach Succinylcholin vermindert, für einige Sekunden verschwindet sie manchmal sogar ganz. Evtl. wird diese Dehnungsaktivität vollkommen durch rhythmische Gruppenentladungen, durch einen Tremor ersetzt. 4. Die rhythmischen Aktivitäten bei Spastizität und Rigidität werden also durch die Muskelspindelimpulse verstärkt. Die Abnahme des tonischen Dehnungsreflexes nach chemischer Aktivierung der Muskelspindeln wird mit einer übermäßigen Besetzung der Motoneurone mit spontanen, häufig rhythmischen Entladungen bzw. mit einer „subsynaptic depression“ erklärt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 272 (1960), S. 48-49 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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