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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (3)
  • Large-eddy simulation  (2)
  • 3D structure  (1)
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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (3)
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Years
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 84 (1997), S. 1-22 
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Keywords: Large-eddy simulation ; Turbulence ; Non-local closure ; Convective boundary layer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Recently Frech and Mahrt proposed a closure scheme which includes alarge-scale stress term to represent the effects of non-local momentummixing in the convective boundary layer. Here large-eddy simulation (LES)datasets are used to evaluate the performance of this scheme across a rangeof stabilities between neutral and highly convective conditions, and as afunction of baroclinity. Generally the inclusion of the non-local term inthe closure model leads to results in better agreement with LES, althoughsome modifications to the model formulation are suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 97 (2000), S. 173-190 
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Keywords: Cumulus ; Large-eddy simulation ; Similarity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Grant and Brown (Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 125, 1913–1936) proposed a similarity hypothesis for shallow cumulus convection and evaluated it using large-eddy simulation results. Here, results from an additional independent simulation are used to provide further support for the basic theory. At the same time, some extensions to the theory are proposed. It is shown that the effects of non-zero fluxes at cloud base can be conveniently accounted for by a simple representation of the transport of scalar variance into the convecting layer. Theeffects of having more complex mean profile shapes within the layer (and hence changes in the gradient production of variance) are also investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Cristae ; 3D structure ; Hepatocytes ; Fibroblasts ; Adrenal cortex ; Brown fat ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Rat adrenal cortex was processed for high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) to confirm tubular cristae, reported by transmission electron microscopy to be present in cortex mitochondria. Mitochondria in several other tissue and cell types were also observed and their ultrastructure confirmed by using three-dimensional, stereo, high resolution scanning electron microscopy. The mitochondria in rat and human hepatocytes as well as human skin fibroblasts mitochondria proved to be long, up to 46 micrometers and branching, as compared to those in liver which were spherical in shape. Cold adapted brown fat cells were packed with mitochondria, these containing plate or shelf-like cristae. Branched, rat striated muscle mitochondria were observed to curve around contractile protein filament bundles. The muscle mitochondrial cristae were found to be both tubular and plate-like, within the same mitochondrion. The ratio of tubular cristae to plate-like cristae varied considerably between muscle mitochondria. In order to use ultrastructural changes in mitochondria for differential diagnosis, and because 3D reconstruction of mitochondria based on transmission electron microscopy serial sections is severely limited in resolution, it is imperative to first develop a correct understanding of tissue specific, normal mitochondrial ultrastructure based on three-dimensional, HRSEM methods. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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