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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (4)
  • Serotonin  (3)
  • AChE-positive neurons  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, biochemical and in vitro studies of a pineocytoma (1998)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 95 (1998), S. 532-539 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Pineal parenchymal tumors ; Neuronal ; differentiation ; Tryptophan hydroxylase ; Serotonin ; N-acetyltransferase ; Hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Using both tumor specimen and cultured tumor cells, we have studied the differentiation of a pineocytoma by light and electron microscopy (EM) and immunohistochemical demonstration of glial, neuronal and neuroendocrine markers. Only interstitial cells were labeled with anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein and anti-S100 protein antibodies. Synaptophysin, neurofilaments and tau labeling was found in cells forming the pineocytomatous rosettes. Some cells also bound the anti-tryptophan hydroxylase antibody (TPOH), but no staining was seen after application of anti-chromogranin A or S-antigen antibodies. EM provided evidence for neurosensory differentiation demonstrating the presence of vesicle-crowned rodlets, cilia (9+0) and fibrous filaments. In culture, tumor cells proliferated slowly and showed positive immunolabeling for vimentin and TPOH. Expression of mRNA coding for TPOH, serotonin N-acetyltransferase, hydroxyindole-O-methyl-transferase and c-myc was found in the tumor using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. These results demonstrate neuronal differentiation of this pineocytoma and suggest that the neoplastic pineal cells are capable of synthesizing serotonin and melatonin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050834
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pineal complex of the clawed toad, Xenopus laevis Daud.: Structure and function (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 216 (1981), S. 113-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal complex ; AChE-positive neurons ; Plexiform areas ; Photosensory function ; Xenopus laevis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The morphological and physiological properties of the pineal complex of Xenopus laevis were investigated in larval, juvenile and adult animals. In a representative majority of adult X. laevis, the frontal organ does not display signs of degeneration. Fully differentiated frontal organs contain photoreceptors typical of the pineal complex of lower vertebrates. By means of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-reaction approximately 30 neurons of two different types were demonstrated in the frontal organ. The frontal-organ nerve is composed of approximately 10 myelinated and 40 unmyelinated nerve fibers. The neuropil areas of the frontal organ are generally similar to the corresponding structures of the intracranial epiphysis. The neuronal apparatus of the epiphysis cerebri of X. laevis consists of (i) photoreceptor cells, (ii) ∼100 AChE-positive neurons, (iii) complex neuropil areas, and (iv) a pineal tract formed by ∼10 myelinated and ∼100 unmyelinated nerve fibers. Some of them exhibit granular inclusions indicating that pinealopetal elements may enter the pineal complex of X. laevis via this pathway. The topography of the pineal tract of X. laevis differs considerably from that in ranid species. The most conspicuous element of the plexiform zones is the ribbon synapse. The basal processes of the photoreceptor cells may be presynaptic elements of simple, tangential, dyad or triad synaptic contacts. Conventional synapses were observed only occasionally. Electrophysiological recordings revealed that the pineal complex of Xenopus laevis is directly sensitive to light. In response to light stimuli, two types of responses, achromatic and chromatic, were recorded from the nerve of the frontal organ. In contrast, the epiphysis exhibited only achromatic units. The opposed color mechanism of the chromatic response showed a maximum sensitivity at approximately 360 nm for the inhibitory and at 520 nm for the excitatory event. The action spectrum of the achromatic response of the epiphysis and the frontal organ peaked between 500 and 520 nm and showed no Purkinje-shift during dark adaptation. The functional significance of these phenomena is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234548
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical localization of serotonin and photoreceptor-specific proteins (rod-opsin, S-antigen) in the pineal complex of the river lamprey, Lampetra japonica, with special reference to photoneuroendocrine cells (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 262 (1990), S. 205-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal organ ; Parapineal organ ; Retina ; Photoreceptors ; Photoneuroendocrine system ; Rodopsin ; S-Antigen ; Serotonin ; Lampetra japonica (Cyclostomata)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pineal complex of the river lamprey, Lampetra japonica, was examined by means of immunocytochemistry with antisera against serotonin, the precursor of melatonin, and two photoreceptor proteins, rod-opsin (the apoprotein of the photopigment rhodopsin) and S-antigen. Serotonin-immunoreactive cells were observed in both the pineal and the parapineal organ. The proximal portion of the pineal organ (atrium) comprised numerous serotonin-immunoreactive cells displaying spherical somata. In the distal end-vesicle of the pineal organ, the serotonin-immunoreactive elements resembled photoreceptors in their size and shape. These cells projecting into the pineal lumen and toward the basal lamina were especially conspicuous in the ventral portion of the end-vesicle. In addition, single serotonin-immunoreactive nerve cells were found in this location. Retinal photoreceptors were never seen to contain immunoreactive serotonin; amacrine cells were the only retinal elements exhibiting serotonin immunoreaction. Strong S-antigen immunoreactivity was found in numerous photoreceptors located in the pineal end-vesicle. In contrast, the S-antigen immunoreactivity was weak in the spherical cells of the atrium. Thus, the pattern of S-antigen immunoreactivity was roughly opposite to that of serotonin. Similar findings were obtained in the parapineal organ. The rod-opsin immunoreaction was restricted to the outer segments of photoreceptors in the pineal end-vesicle and parapineal organ. No rodopsin immunoreactive outer segments occurred in the proximal portion of the atrium. Double immunostaining was employed to investigate whether immunoreactive opsin and serotonin are colocalized in one and the same cell. This approach revealed that (i) most of the rodopsin-immunoreactive outer segments in the end-vesicle belonged to serotonin-immunonegative photoreceptors; (ii) nearly all serotonin-immunoreactive cells in the end-vesicle bore short rod-opsin-immunoreactive outer segments protruding into the pineal lumen; and (iii) the spherical serotonin-immunoreactive cells in the pineal stalk lacked rod-opsin immunoreaction and an outer segment. These results support the concept that multiple cell lines of the photoreceptor type exist in the pineal complex at an early evolutionary stage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00309875
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological and immunocytochemical features of the pineal organ of C3H and C57BL mice at different stages of postnatal development (1998)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 292 (1998), S. 521-530 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Dopamine-ß-hydroxylase ; Pineal organ ; S-antigen ; Serotonin ; Mouse (C57BL ; C3H)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Considerable progress is currently being made in elucidating the molecular basis of the circadian (photoneuroendocrine) system by use of transgenic mice generated from the inbred strains C57BL and C3H. As in all other vertebrate species, the pineal organ is an important component of the photoneuroendocrine system in these mouse strains, but very little is known about its morphological and immunocytochemical features. We therefore investigated the pineal organ and the adjacent epithalamic region of adult, 10-, and 5-day-old C57BL and C3H mice for S-antigen, serotonin, and dopamine-ß-hydroxylase (DBH) immunoreactions. In adult animals, the pineal organ was more than 2 times bigger in C3H than in C57BL mice. In younger animals, this difference was already evident, but less pronounced. The S-antigen immunoreactivity was more intense in adult C3H than in C57BL mice. This difference developed with increasing age; it was not yet detectable in 5-day-old animals. The intensity of the serotonin immunoreaction was similar in both strains at all stages investigated. However, the serotonin immunoreaction was more pronounced in adult than in young animals. The relative DBH-immunoreactive area (used as a marker for the sympathetic innervation of the pineal organ) was much bigger in C3H than in C57BL mice; within each strain it remained relatively constant during postnatal development. Adult individuals of both strains contained S-antigen- and serotonin-immunoreactive cells in the habenular complex. Their number increased with age, but they were always more numerous in C3H. In conclusion, the study has shown considerable differences in pineal morphology between C3H and C57BL, which may be related to the well-known differen- ces in melatonin formation between these two strains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051081
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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