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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (5)
  • Retina  (4)
  • Acetylcholinesterase reaction  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical markers revealing retinal and pineal but not hypothalamic photoreceptor systems in the Japanese quail (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 248 (1987), S. 161-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Retina ; Pineal organ ; Hypothalamus ; Opsin ; α-Transducin ; Interstitial retinol-binding protein (IRBP) ; Immunocytochemistry ; Japanese quail
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The retinal proteins opsin,α-transducin, S-antigen and interstitial retinol-binding protein (IRBP) are essential for the processes of vision. By use of immunocyto-chemistry we have employed antibodies directed against these “photoreceptor proteins” in an attempt to identify the photoreceptor systems (retina, pineal and deep brain) of the Japanese quail. Opsin immunostaining was identified within many outer (basal portion) and inner segments of retinal photoreceptor cells and limited numbers of photoreceptor perikarya. Opsin immunostaining was also demonstrated in limited numbers of pinealocytes with all parts of these cells being immunoreactive. These results differ from previous observations. In contrast to the results obtained with the antibody against opsin, S-antigen andα-transducin immunostaining was seen throughout the entire outer segments and many photoreceptor perikarya of the retina. In the pineal organ immunostaining was seen in numerous pinealocytes in all follicles. These results conform to previous findings in birds. In addition, IRBP has been demonstrated for the first time in the avian retina and pineal organ. These findings underline the structural and functional similarities between the retina and pineal organ and provide additional support for a photoreceptive role of the avian pineal. No specific staining was detected in any other region of the brain in the Japanese quail; the hypothalamic photoreceptors of birds remain unidentified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01239977
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical localization of serotonin and photoreceptor-specific proteins (rod-opsin, S-antigen) in the pineal complex of the river lamprey, Lampetra japonica, with special reference to photoneuroendocrine cells (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 262 (1990), S. 205-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal organ ; Parapineal organ ; Retina ; Photoreceptors ; Photoneuroendocrine system ; Rodopsin ; S-Antigen ; Serotonin ; Lampetra japonica (Cyclostomata)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pineal complex of the river lamprey, Lampetra japonica, was examined by means of immunocytochemistry with antisera against serotonin, the precursor of melatonin, and two photoreceptor proteins, rod-opsin (the apoprotein of the photopigment rhodopsin) and S-antigen. Serotonin-immunoreactive cells were observed in both the pineal and the parapineal organ. The proximal portion of the pineal organ (atrium) comprised numerous serotonin-immunoreactive cells displaying spherical somata. In the distal end-vesicle of the pineal organ, the serotonin-immunoreactive elements resembled photoreceptors in their size and shape. These cells projecting into the pineal lumen and toward the basal lamina were especially conspicuous in the ventral portion of the end-vesicle. In addition, single serotonin-immunoreactive nerve cells were found in this location. Retinal photoreceptors were never seen to contain immunoreactive serotonin; amacrine cells were the only retinal elements exhibiting serotonin immunoreaction. Strong S-antigen immunoreactivity was found in numerous photoreceptors located in the pineal end-vesicle. In contrast, the S-antigen immunoreactivity was weak in the spherical cells of the atrium. Thus, the pattern of S-antigen immunoreactivity was roughly opposite to that of serotonin. Similar findings were obtained in the parapineal organ. The rod-opsin immunoreaction was restricted to the outer segments of photoreceptors in the pineal end-vesicle and parapineal organ. No rodopsin immunoreactive outer segments occurred in the proximal portion of the atrium. Double immunostaining was employed to investigate whether immunoreactive opsin and serotonin are colocalized in one and the same cell. This approach revealed that (i) most of the rodopsin-immunoreactive outer segments in the end-vesicle belonged to serotonin-immunonegative photoreceptors; (ii) nearly all serotonin-immunoreactive cells in the end-vesicle bore short rod-opsin-immunoreactive outer segments protruding into the pineal lumen; and (iii) the spherical serotonin-immunoreactive cells in the pineal stalk lacked rod-opsin immunoreaction and an outer segment. These results support the concept that multiple cell lines of the photoreceptor type exist in the pineal complex at an early evolutionary stage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00309875
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rod-opsin immunoreaction in the pineal organ of the pigmented mouse does not indicate the presence of a functional photopigment (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 274 (1993), S. 71-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal organ ; Retina ; Photoreceptors ; Photopigment ; Immunocytochemistry ; HPLC ; Autoradiography ; Mouse (C57BL)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of the present study was to characterize the rod-opsin immunoreaction in the mammalian pineal organ. Pigmented mice (strain C57BL) were selected as the animal model. Immunocytochemical investigations involving the use of highly specific polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against bovine rod-opsin (the apoprotein of the photopigment rhodopsin) showed that approximately 25% of all pinealocytes were rod-opsin immunoreactive. Immunoblotting techniques revealed three protein bands of approximately 40, 75, and 110 kDa; these were detected by the monoclonal antibody and the polyclonal antiserum in retinal and pineal extracts. These protein bands presumably represented the monomeric, dimeric and trimeric forms of rod-opsin. The amount of rod-opsin in retina and pineal organ was quantified by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. This yielded 570±30 pmoles rod-opsin per eye and 0.3±0.05 pmoles rod-opsin per pineal organ. High pressure liquid chromatography analysis of whole eye extracts demonstrated the chromophoric group of the photopigment rhodopsin, 11-cis retinal, and its isomer, all-trans-retinal. A shift from 11-cis retinal to all-trans-retinal was found upon light adaptation. No retinals were detected in the pineal organ. Autoradiographic investigations showed that 3H-retinol, intraperitoneally injected into the animals, was incorporated into the outer and inner segments of retinal photoreceptors, but not into the pineal organ. It is concluded that the mouse pineal organ contains the authentic apoprotein of rhodopsin but that it lacks retinal derivatives as essential components of all known vertebrate photopigments. Consequently, the “photoreceptor-specific” proteins of the mammalian pineal organ are not involved in photoreception and phototransduction, but may serve other functions to be explored in future studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00327987
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative investigations of the neuronal apparatus in the pineal organ and retina of the rainbow trout: immunocytochemical demonstration of neurofilament 200-kDa and neuropeptide Y, and tracing with DiI (1997)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 288 (1997), S. 417-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Pineal organ ; Amacrine cells ; Horizontal cells ; Retina ; Neurofilament 200 ; Neuropeptide Y ; Rainbow trout ; Oncorhynchus mykiss (Teleostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The retina and pineal organ of the rainbow trout have been investigated immunocytochemically with antibodies against neurofilament 200-kDa (NF-200) and neuropeptide Y (NPY), which are known to label horizontal and amacrine cells in the retina of several vertebrates. The NF-200 immunoreaction stains horizontal cells of the retina, but not neuronal perikarya in the pineal organ. Axons of both the optic and the pineal tract display immunoreaction for NF. The NPY immunoreaction labels a population of amacrine cells in the retina, but is not detected in neuronal perikarya of the pineal organ. Single NPY-immunoreactive nerve fibers have been located in the capsule of the pineal organ. The data suggest that neurons corresponding to NF-200-immunoreactive horizontal and NPY-immunoreactive amacrine cells of the retina are missing from the pineal organ of the trout. Thus, the neuronal apparatus in the light-sensitive pineal organ appears to be less complex than that in the retina. This has been confirmed by tracing experiments with DiI: intrapineal neurons retrogradely labeled via the pineal tract are found in a postsynaptic location to processes of photoreceptor cells containing synaptic ribbons. These results indicate a bineuronal chain in the pineal organ of the rainbow trout comprising the photoreceptor cell as the first neuron and the ganglion cells forming the pineal tract as the second neuron. The NPY-immunoreactive nerve fibers in the capsule of the pineal organ may represent an autonomic innervation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050828
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Opsin-immunoreactive outer segments and acetylcholinesterase-positive neurons in the pineal complex of Phoxinus phoxinus (Teleostei, Cyprinidae) (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 227 (1982), S. 351-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal photoreceptors ; Opsin immunoreactivity ; Pineal neurons ; Acetylcholinesterase reaction ; Parapineal organ ; Teleosts (Phoxinus phoxinus L.)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pineal complex of the teleost, Phoxinus phoxinus L., was studied light-microscopically by the use of the indirect immunocytochemical antiopsin reaction and the histochemical acetylcholinersterase (AChE) method. Opsin-immunoreactive outer segments of photoreceptor cells were demonstrated in large numbers in all divisions of the pineal end-vesicle and in the pineal stalk. Moreover, they were found in the roof of the third ventricle, adjacent to the orifice of the pineal recess as well as scattered in the parapineal organ. These immunocytochemical observations provide direct evidence of the presence of an opsin associated with a photopigment in the photosensory cells of the pineal and parapineal organs of Phoxinus. By means of the AChE reaction (Karnovsky and Roots 1964) inner segments of pineal photoreceptors, intrinsic nerve cells, several intrapineal bundles of nerve fibers, and a prominent pineal tract were specifically marked. The pineal neurons can be divided into two types: one is located near the pineal lumen, the other near the basal lamina. The latter perikarya bear stained processes directed toward the photoreceptor layer. A rostral aggregation of two types of AChE-positive nerve cells occurs in the ventral wall of the pineal end-vesicle. The main portion of the AChE-positive pineal tract, which lies within the dorsal wall of the pineal stalk, can be followed to the posterior commissure where some of the nerve fibers course laterally. A few AChE-positive pineal nerve fibers run toward the lateral habenular nucleus via the habenular commissure. In the region of the subcommissural organ single AChE-positive neurons accompany the pineal tract. The nerve cells of the parapineal organ exhibit a moderate AChE activity. These findings extend the structural basis for the remarkable light-dependent activity of the pineal organ of Phoxinus phoxinus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210891
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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