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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (49)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (49)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevention of marine biofouling using a conductive paint electrode (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 59 (1998), S. 374-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: conductive paint electrode ; prevention of marine biofouling ; fishing net ; alternating potential ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Conductive paint electrode was used for marine biofouling on fishing nets by electrochemical disinfection. When a potential of 1.2 V vs. a saturated calomel electrode (SCE) was applied to the conductive paint electrode, Vibrio alginolyticus cells attached on the electrode were completely killed. By applying a negative potential, the attached cells were removed from the surface of the electrode. Changes in pH and chlorine concentration were not observed at potentials in the range -0.6 ∼1.2 V vs. SCE. In a field experiment, accumulation of the bacterial cells and formation of biofilms on the electrode were prevented by application of an alternating potential, and 94% of attachment of the biofouling organisms was inhibited electrically on yarn used for fishing net coated with conductive paint. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 59:374-378, 1998.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protein design on computers. Five new proteins: Shpilka, grendel, fingerclasp, leather, and aida (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics 12 (1992), S. 105-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Keywords: protein structure ; protein sequences ; protein design de novo ; protein engineering ; computer algorithms ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: What is the current state of the art in protein design? This question was approached in a recent two-week protein design workshop sponsored by EMBO and held at the EMBL in Heidelberg. The goals were to test available design tools and to explore new design strategies. Five novel proteins were designed: Shpilka, a sandwich of two four-stranded β-sheets, a scaffold on which to explore variations in loop topology; Grendel, a four-helical membrane anchor, ready for fusion to water-soluble functional domains; Fingerclasp, a dimer of interdigitating β-β-α units, the simplest variant of the “handshake” structural class; Aida, an antibody binding surface intended to be specific for flavodoxin; Leather - a minimal NAD binding domain, extracted from a larger protein. Each design is available as a set of three-dimensional coordinates, the corresponding amino acid sequence and a set of analytical results. The designs are placed in the public domain for scrutiny, improvement, and possible experimental verification.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prot.340120203
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A kinetic equation for hydrolysis of polysaccharides by mixed exo- and endoenzyme systems (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1393-1398 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230618
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneously occurring nitrification and denitrification under oxygen gradient by polyelectrolyte complex-coimmobilized Nitrosomonas europaea and Paracoccus denitrificans cells (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 31 (1988), S. 382-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260310415
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of polyelectrolyte-coated pH-sensitive poly(styrene) microcapsules and their application to initiation-cessation control of an enzyme reaction (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 289-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Poly(styrene) microcapsules, prepared by depositing the polymer around emulsified aqueous droplets, were coated with a synthesized polyelectrolyte; i.e., copolymer of maleic acid (MA) with methyl vinyl ether (MVE), co-poly(MA, MVE), or with styrene (St), copoly(Ma, St). The permeability of the capsule membrane was investigated under various pHs of the outer medium using n-propyl alcohol as a permeant. It became apparent that either copoly(MA, St)- or copoly(MA, MVE)-coated microcapsules function as a pH-sensitive capsule. In particular, the former showed a dramatic change of the permeability in response to small differences in pH (5-6). By reference to the viscometric and electrophoretic studies of both copolymers, these were interpreted as being due to a pH-induced alteration of the configuration of the copolymer coating on the surface of the capsule membrane. When sucrose was hydrolyzed in an aqueous suspension of the copoly(MA, St)-coated capsules into which invertase was loaded, the hydrolytic reaction was initiated at pH 5. 5 and stopped at pH 4. 5. Such initiation-cessation control was repeated reversibly without damaging the capsules.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320305
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of polyelectrolyte complex-stabilized calcium alginate gel for entrapment of β-amylase (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 756-759 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Calcium alginate gel stabilized with a polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) consisting of potassium poly(vinyl alcohol) sulfate (KPVS) and trimethylammonium glycol chitosan iodide (TGCI) was used for the immobilization of β-amylase. The immobilization was made by gelling aqueous droplets of enzyme solution including both sodium alginate and KPVS in a CaCl2 solution containing TGCI. The activity of the enzyme entrapped into the stabilized gel beads was evaluated by studying the batch reaction kinetics of enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of maltotetraose. Repeated kinetic measurements, totaling 18, were carried out at fixed time intervals. After each measurement the beads were stirred for 1 day in a freshly prepared 10 mM NaCl solution at 3°C. It was found that the immobilized system remained stable without leading to a serious loss of the activity or to a large leakage of the enzyme from the support. This was explained as being due to a PEC-crosslinked contracted network structure of the stabilized gel matrix.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320605
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immobilization of Nitrosomonas europaea cells with polyelectrolyte complex (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 1591-1603 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Cell immobilization with polyelectrolyte complex prepared from strongly polyacidic and polybasic ions was investigated for cells from Nitrosomonas europaea (ATCC 25978). Trimethylammonium glycol chitosan (TGCI) and potassium poly(vinyl-alcohol) sulfate (KPVS) were used. The immobilization was carried out by directly mixing both polymer solutions with the culture broth: An excess of TGCI was first added to the culture broth to aggregate the cells, and then KPVS was added to form the complex with the excess TGCI and to entrap the aggregates with the resulting complex. From physiocochemical studies on the cell aggregation, the mechanism can be interpreted in terms of the adsorption of polyion caused by the salt linkages of the ionizable groups on the cell surface. The result of an electron microscopic observation showed that the cells are situated in the pores and on the surface of the complex support. When the immobilized cells were incubated in a medium buffered by phosphate and containing ammonium sulfate, a considerable amount of nitrite was formed; this was shown to be caused by the entrapped cells and also those cells released from the support and grown in the medium. The ammonia-oxidizing activity was retained even after a total of 200 h of incubation in a batch reactor. No deformation of the complex support was observed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260240712
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth inhibitory and lethal effects of ethanol on Escherichia coli (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 742-746 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The growth inhibitory and lethal effects of ethanol on Escherichia coli BB were investigated in batch cultures, by measuring total cell number, viable cell number, and cell mass concentration. Ethanol below ca. 50 g/L allowed exponential growth but depressed the specific growth rate. The effect of ethanol on the specific growth rate appeared to follow noncompetitive inhibition kinetics with apparently cooperative binding with a Hill coefficient of 2.5. The Hill coefficient and the inhibition constant were temperature independent over the range tested. Ethanol at 30 g/L decreased the growth yield. Ethanol enhanced the specific death rate in an experimental way. Stationary cell populations were more resistant than exponential ones but the degree of enhancement by ethanol was the same in both populations. Isopropanol and propanol also enhanced the specific death rate exponentially and the degree of enhancement was correlatedwith their membrane-buffer partition coefficients.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290611
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of schardinger β-dextrin by soluble and immobilized cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase of an alkalophilic Bacillus sp. (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 19 (1977), S. 87-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Succiylated cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (EC.3.2.1.19) of an alkalophilic Bacillus sp. was adsorbed on a vinylpyridine copolymer. The enzyme had about 25% of the activity of soluble enzyme added. No increase of pH or thermal stability of the enzyme was observed by the adsorption, whereas optimum temperature for the enzyme action was shifted from 50 to 55°C. The enzyme converted starch to cyclodextrins without significant loss of activity under the conditions of 4 times reusing of 6 hr conversion by the batch system or 2 weeks continuous reaction by the column system at 55°C and pH 8.0. About 46% of the potato starch solution [15% (w/v)] was converted to cyclodextrins by the enzyme, and 52% was converted by the simultaneous action of the enzyme and alkaline pullulanase of alkalophilic Bacullus sp.(No.202-1). These values were almost the same as those obtained by the soluble enzyme or enzyme system.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260190108
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solid-state ethanol fermentation by means of inert gas circulation (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 27 (1985), S. 1312-1319 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new method for solid-state ethanol fermentation (the SSEF system) was experimented on for the ethanol production from solid starchy materials, where a packedbed-type fermentor was used. Both cultivation of Aspergillus saitoi and enrichment of a saccharifying enzyme were effective for hydrolysis of the starch. Ethanol production was set in by a form of parallel fermentation using a respiration-deficient mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Produced ethanol was simultaneously stripped by circulating inert gas and separated in a condenser. Average ethanol concentration in the condensate was over 200 g/L, and over 90% of produced ethanol was recovered from the packed bed during 15 or 16 days of stripping. The fermentation efficiency was about 80%, which was evaluated much higher than those of conventional solid-state fermentations. The residue had lesser volume and a higher solids content compared with the distillery wastewaters of conventional liquid-state fermentations. This means an advantage for the treatment and the effective conversion of the residue into fetilizers or animal feeds.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260270907
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