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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (8)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (6)
  • Chemical Engineering  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Azide photoresists for projection photolithography (1974)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 491-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The spectral sensitivity of bisazide sensitized rubbers has been extended to 5000Å by the addition of p-azidocinnamylidene derivatives of cyclohexanone. The photoresists were suitable for projection exposure at 4050 and 4350 Hg lines. The photospeed of the compositions is enhanced by increasing the unsaturation of the polymer component. Speed increase could also be obtained by exposure of the films at elevated temperatures.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760140705
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extraction of mixed solutes: I. Separation of formic and hydrochloric acids. II. Separation of acetic and sulfuric acids (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 456-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In many complex systems in solvent extraction a second solute is often present or is added to promote extraction of the first solute. Previous studies showed that the electrolyte sulfuric acid can be considered as a salting-out agent for extraction of formic acid from water by methyl isobutyl ketone.In the present work two systems were studied: (I) hydrochloric acid-formic acid-water-methyl isobutyl ketone and (II) sulfuric acid-acetic acid-water-methyl isobutyl ketone. Selectivities of over 200 were found favoring the extraction of formic over hydrochloric acid, and values of over 6,000 favoring the acetic over the sulfuric acid were found. The data for extraction of formic acid were correlated by the Setschenow equation. A similar type of equation was found for extraction of acetic acid in system II.The results indicate that the electrolyte hydrochloric acid can also be considered as a salting-out agent for formic acid. The data show that sulfuric is more effective than hydrochloric acid in salting-out the formic acid. This is in qualitative agreement with experimental data in other systems employing sulfate and chloride electrolytes and with the theoretical equation derived by Debye and McAuley. About 28% less sulfuric acid is needed to salt-out a given amount of acetic acid when compared with salting-out the same amount of formic acid.The changes in activity coefficient of the acetic acid in the aqueous phase with additions of sulfuric acid were measured in system II. These activity coefficient changes could account for only about 39% of the increase in distribution ratio of the acetic acid. A possible explanation for this is that the molecular species of the acetic acid in the organic and aqueous phases changed when sulfuric acid was added to the water phase.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070323
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic and steady-state rheological measurements on polymer melts (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 1341-1353 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Many attempts to correlate steady-state and dynamic rheological data have been reported. Thus far, the correlations have not been convincing, particularly for polymer melts that exhibit highly non-Newtonian behavior. The purpose of this work was to provide a means for obtaining a useful correlation. The Maxwell viscoelastic model was used to correlate data from four different modes of shear - two involving steady-state deformation and two involving dynamic deformation. As certain defined requirements were met, excellent agreement was obtained for polymer melts that represent a wide range of viscoelastic behavior. One of these requirements was that the polymer molécule should have a certain degree of flexibility.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1980.070250708
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of the titration method to studies on the denaturation of sodium deoxyribonucleate (1957)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 23 (1957), S. 765-779 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A method is described whereby the difference between the irreversible forward titration curve from neutrality to pH 2.5 and the reversible back titration curve from pH 2.5 can be used to determine the extent and character of denaturation (i.e., rupture of hydrogen bonds) in various treatments of sodium deoxyribonucleate (DNA) prior to titration. On this basis, the effects of heat, ultrasonic waves, and γ-rays are examined. Denaturation by ionization of the hydrogen-bonded amino groups has been studied as a function of temperature and of pH. Some of the kinetic and statistical consequences of the observations are discussed in terms of a model requiring the rupture of a minimum sequence of hydrogen bonds for denaturation to occur.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1957.1202310419
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of ionic strength on the viscosity of ribonucleic acid and other polyelectrolytes (1960)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 47 (1960), S. 441-447 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The viscosity of a number of diverse polyelectrolytes varies with the concentration of added electrolyte according to the relation \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \left[ \eta \right] = \left[ {\eta _0 } \right]\left( {{{C_{{\rm salt}} } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{C_{{\rm salt}} } {C_{{\rm salt}}^{^ \circ } }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {C_{{\rm salt}}^{^ \circ } }}} \right)^{ - m} $\end{document} except in very dilute salt solutions; [η] and [η0] are the limiting viscosity numbers in solutions of electrolyte concentration Csalt and C°salt, respectively (the latter concentration being that of any reference solution), and m is a constant whose value depends on the permeability of the polyion. This relation can be accounted for by the theory of Flory. The viscosities of several polyvinyl derivatives are found to be very similar, indicating that the ionizing group has no specific influence upon coil dimensions. In contrast, polynucleotides do not conform to this pattern; in particular, sodium ribonucleate undergoes an unusually large contraction to a highly compact flexible configuration between sodium chloride concentrations of 1 and 10 mM.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1960.1204714939
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Absorption spectra of nucleotides, polynucleotides, and nucleic acids in the far ultraviolet (1963)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 1 (1963), S. 193-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ultaviolet absorption spectra down to 185 mμ are presented for a number of nucleic acids and synthetic polynucleotides in the helical and random forms, and of their constituent mononucleotides, as well as the corresponding nucleosides and free bases. A short wavelength absorption band is in all cases observed with a maximum varying between about 187 and 201 mμ. These bands are more intense than those near 260 mμ. The helical polymers show a hypochromic effect in this region of a somewhat similar magnitude to that in the 260 mμ region. Other spectral phenomena accompanying denaturation and degradation are described.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360010302
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrodynamically induced formation of cellulose fibers. III. Coagulation of droplets of cellulose solution in extensional flow (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 20 (1982), S. 1207-1222 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The formation of cellulose fibers by coagulation of drops of cellulose solution in extensional flow was studied theoretically and experimentally. In the theory, which applies for slow-motion conditions, homogeneity of the drop is assumed. The drop deforms according to a previously established deformation mechanism and becomes solid when a critical concentration of coagulant is reached at a certain position inside the drop. The theoretical predictions for the variation of fiber length with various parameters were tested experimentally in a four-roller mill for cellulose/dimethyl sulfoxide/paraformaldehyde with glycerol as coagulant. In agreement with the theoretical predictions, it was found that fiber length increases with shear rate and original droplet size, but decreases with the diffusion coefficient of the coagulant in the cellulose solution.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.180200708
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of the anomalous particles formed during the surfactant-free emulsion polymerization of styrene (1977)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 15 (1977), S. 2311-2319 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The presence of anomalous regions within polystyrene latex particles prepared in the absence of added emulsifier has been investigated. It appears that they arise through loss of monomer from particles consisting of a discrete monomer-rich region surrounded by a polymer shell. It is likely that in most cases, monomer is lost from the region on evacuation prior to electron microscope examination, although there is some evidence from γ-irradiated samples (prior to electron microscopy) that loss of monomer can also occur during storage and/or dilution of the sample. Scanning electron microscopy and carbon replication techniques have been used to determine the shapes of the voids. Gas adsorption studies and carbon replication have also served to illustrate that the presence of the regions was not due to electron-beam damage. The presence of extrusions on some samples has been attributed to incomplete loss of monomer on evacuation due to the thickness of the surrounding polymer shell.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1977.170151003
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