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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (78)
  • Chemistry  (73)
  • DSM-III-R  (5)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 239 (1989), S. 101-108 
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Classification ; Alcohol dependence ; Alcohol abuse ; DSM-III-R ; ICD-9
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Diagnoses of alcohol dependence, using the classification systems ICD-9 and DSM-III-R, were compared in a sample of 215 psychiatric outpatients. A lower diagnostic threshold was obtained for DSM-III-R. This category tended to be more inclusive for relatively mild forms of inadequate alcohol use. Of those patients with ICD-9 alcohol dependence, 79% also met criteria for the corresponding DSM-III-R category, whereas 61% of subjects diagnosed as dependent according to DSM-III-R received the equivalent diagnosis in ICD-9. These results were obtained assuming equal base rates (sample frequencies) for dependence and abuse. Diagnoses were further compared with independently derived scores of the Munich Alcoholism Test (MALT), and the validity of DSM-III-R was found to be superior. Checklist-guided interviews had a positive impact upon accuracy and validity of diagnoses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 238 (1988), S. 39-46 
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Classification ; Depression ; DSM-III-R ; ICD-9
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Contrasting the classification systems ICD-9 and DSM-III-R, a comparison of diagnoses for unipolar depressive disorders is presented from a sample of 168 psychiatric outpatients. A relatively clear correspondence existed between ICD-9 endogenous depression and DSM-III-R major depression. Neurotic depression (ICD-9) divided into either dysthymia or major depression in DSM-III-R. A generally greater variety of corresponding ICD-9 diagnoses was observed for DSM-III-R categories, since patients with eating disorders, alcohol or drug dependence, or with neuroses other than depressive type often received an additional specific DSM-III-R diagnosis for depression. For ICD-9 diagnostics, a decreased threshold was found for diagnosing depressive reaction, as compared with the equivalent DSM-III-R diagnosis of adjustment disorder with depressed mood. A new technique is introduced in order to adjust corresponding proportions according to base rate differences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 241 (1992), S. 236-240 
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Somatoform disorders ; Somatization disorder ; DSM-III-R ; Lifetime diagnoses ; Affective disorders ; Anxiety disorders ; SCL-90R
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Thirty inpatients with somatoform disorders were examined with the structured clinical interview SCID for psychiatric lifetime diagnosis. In the present diagnoses, we found a concordance of 63% for somatoform and affective disorders and the lifetime comorbidity of both disorders was 87%. Additionally, patients with somatoform disorders frequently had a history of other psychiatric disorders (for example, anxiety disorders, 40%). For 73% of patients with somatoform disorders and a history of affective disorders, the onset of the somatoform disorder was prior to the onset of another psychiatric disorder. The time interval between the onsets of somatoform disorders and affective disorders was greater than 1 year for most patients; for 46% of the patients with a history of both disorders, the time interval between the two disorders was more than 5 years. The course of illness for somatoform and affective disorders was quite different; while affective disorders tended to episodic periods with interim remissions, the somatoform disorders usually showed long, chronic courses (mean duration of the current somatoform disorder was 11.9 years). Finally, the Symptom Check List SCL-90R demonstrated good discrimination between patients with affective and anxiety disorders. However, the SCL-90R failed to discriminate patients with somatoform disorders from affective- and anxiety-disordered subjects. Therefore, the development of other psychometric scales is necessary for the evaluation of patients with somatoform disorders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 242 (1993), S. 209-217 
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Classification ; ICD-10 ; DSM-III-R ; Reliability ; Case Records ; International Diagnostic Checklists (IDCL)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The psychiatric classification systems ICD-10 and DSM-III-R were compared by applying both sets of diagnostic criteria to the same sample of patients suffering from affective and psychotic disorders. Four independent raters assessed diagnoses according to both systems to 100 written case records which had been prepared in a traditional, standard format. The International Diagnostic Checklists (IDCL) were employed to rate relevant psychopathological signs and symptoms and to apply diagnostic decision rules. The results showed that ICD-10 yielded a generally higher reliability for all main disorders except for bipolar disorder. Overall reliability was κ=0.53 for diagnoses according to DSM-III-R and 0.59 for diagnoses according to ICD-10. Agreement was best for affective disorders, moderate for schizophrenia and inacceptable for schizoaffective disorder. Insufficient boundaries were found in both systems between schizoaffective disorder on one side and schizophrenia and bipolar disorder on the other side. The different duration criteria for schizophrenia of six months in DSM-III-R and one month in ICD-10 tend to have considerable consequences for frequency rates of schizophrenia in a typical clinical setting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Diagnostic checklist ; Personality disorders ; DSM-III-R ; Reliability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Diagnostic checklists for the assessment of DSM-III-R Axis I diagnoses have proven to be a reliable and feasable instrument in research and routine clinical care. Therefore, a checklist for the assessment of the DSM-III-R Personality Disorders (MDCL-P) has been developed. An English version of the MDCL-P is available. The MDCL-P has been tested for reliability in a test-retest design. The average duration of the interview was 36 min. Of the patients, 48% received a diagnosis of at least one personality disorder. The Kappa value concerning the distinction personality disorder as opposed to no personality disorder was 0.62. The range of Kappa values of specific personality disorders, which were diagnosed at least five times, was from 0.35 to 0.79.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 120 (1987), S. 1125-1132 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis and Structure Analysis of 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydrobenzo[g]-quinoxaline-5,10-quinones2,3-Diamino-1,4-dihydroxynaphthalene reacts with different aromatic aldehydes to give 2,3-disubstituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzo[g]quinoxaline-5,10-quinones (1-7). In the course of the reaction a new C-C bond is formed stereoselectively. The yields are in the range of 80%. The corresponding benzoquinoxalinequinone 8 with different substituents in 2- and 3-positions is formed by a two-step preparation. Oxidation of these trans products leads to the benzo[g]quinoxaline-quinones and subsequent catalytic reduction yields the cis isomers. The structures and the configuration of 1 and 9 were determined by X-ray crystallography. The conformations of the new heterocycles are discussed with respect to the results obtained in solid and liquid phase.
    Notes: 2,3-Diamino-1,4-naphthohydrochinon reagiert mit Benzaldehyden unter Cyclisierung und Protonenwanderung stereoselektiv zu 2,3-disubstituierten 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydrobenzo[g]chinoxalin-5,10-chinonen (1-7) (Ausbeuten ca. 80%). Benzochinoxalin-5,10-chinon 8, das in 2- und 3-Stellung unterschiedlich substituiert ist, wird durch eine zweistufige Reaktion erhalten. Die Anordnung der Phenylreste in 2- und 3-Stellung wird für 1 und 9 durch Röntgenstrukturanalysen ermittelt; beide Spezies liegen in trans-Konfiguration vor. Durch Oxidation zu Benzo [g]chinoxalin-chinonen und anschließende katalytische Hydrierung werden cis-Isomere erhalten. Unter Berücksichtigung der Ergebnisse aus den Kristallstruktur- und NMR-Untersuchungen werden verschiedene Konformationen diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation and Properties of, and Reactions with, Metal-Containing heterocycles, LIX.  -  Synthesis and Properties of ηn2-Thiophosphinito complexes of CobaltThe η2-thiophosphinito complexes (OC)2(R2R12P)Co(η2-PR32S) (3a,b,d,e,i,j,k,m,n) are obtained by reaction of ICo(CO)2(PR3)2 (1, 2) [R = Ph (1), Cy (2)] with the secondary phosphane sulfides R32HP=S in the presence of Et(iPr)2N. The Me2PS und Et2PS compounds 3a,b,d oligomerize easily to form [(OC)2(R2R12P)Co(μ-PR32S)]n (4a,b,d) (n 〉 2). Upon exchange of PR12R2 (R1 = R2 = Ph) in 3a,d,j,m by PPh2Me, PPhMe2, and PMe3 in addition to the η2-thiophosphinito complexes 3f,g,l the dimeric species [(OC)2(R2R12P)Co(μ-PR32S)]2 (5c,f,g,h,o) are formed. The dimerization tendency depends on the steric demand of the substituents R1, R2, and R3. The substituents R1 and R2 in 5f,g are responsible for energetically preferred preferred rotamers, which are indicated in the 31P{1H}-NMR spectra. The barrier of rotation is calculated to give ΔG≠ = 42 kJ/mol. According to X-ray structural analysis (OC)2(Cy3P)Co(η2-PEt2S) (3e), [(OC)2(Me3P)Co-(μ-PMe2S)]2 (5c), and [(OC)2(Ph2MeP)Co(μ-PEt2S)]2 (5f) crystallize in the space group P21/c, P1 and P21/c with Z = 4, 2, and 2, respectively.
    Notes: Durch Umsetzung von ICo(CO)2(PR3)2 (1, 2) [R = Ph (1), Cy (2)] mit den sekundären Phosphansulfiden R23HP = S erhält man in Gegenwart von Et(iPr)2N die η2-Thiophosphinito-Komplexe (OC)2(R2R21P)Co(η2-PR23S) (3a,b,d,e,i,j,k,m,n). Die Me2PS und Et2PS-Verbindungen 3a,b,d oligomerisieren leicht unter Bildung von [(OC)2(R2R21P)Co(μ-PR23S]n (4a,b,d) (n 〉 2). Beim Austausch von PR21R2 (R1 = R2 = Ph) in 3a,d,j,m durch PPh2-Me, PPhMe2 und PMe3 entstehen neben den η2-Thiophosphinito-Komplexen 3f,g,l die dimeren Spezies [(OC)2(R21P) Co(μ-PR23S)]2 (5c,f,g,h,o). Die Dimerisierungstendenz hängt von dem sterischen Anspruch der Substituenten R1, R2 und R3 ab. Die Substituenten R1 und R2 in 5f,g sind für energetisch bevorzugte Rotamere verantwortlich, die sich in den 31P{1H}-NMR-Spektren zu erkennen geben. Die Rotationsbarriere berechnet sich zu ΔG≠ = 42 kj/mol. Nach Röntgenstrukturanalysen kristallisieren (OC)2(Cy3P)Co(η2-PEt2S) (3e), [(OC)2(Me3P)Co(μ-PMe2S)]2 (5c) und [(OC)2(Ph2MeP)Co(μ-PEt2S)]2 (5f) in der Raumgruppe P21/c, P1 bzw. P21/c mit Z = 4, 2 bzw. 2.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Phosphametallacyclopropanes ; Isolobal building blocks ; Lewis basic behavior ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Metal-Containing Heterocycles: Preparation, Properties, Reactions, LXXVII. - Synthesis, Structure and Reactivity of Phosphametallacyclopropanes with Isolobal ER (E = N,P,As,Sb) and Fe(CO)4 Building BlocksThe phosphidometallates \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amsmath}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ Li_2 \left\{ {\left[ M \right]\dddot - PPh_2 } \right\} $\end{document} {[M] = (η5-C5H5)M-(CO)2}, resulting from the metal hydride complexes H[M]PPh2H [M = Cr (1), Mo (2), W (3)] by reduction with nBuLi, react with the geminal dihalides RECl2 to give the three-membered phosphametallacyclopropanes [ER = NC6F5 (M = Cr (1a), Mo (2a), W (3a)), PPh (M = Cr (1b), Mo (2b), W (3b)), PC6H11 (M = Cr (1c), Mo (2c), W (3c)), P-tBu (M = Cr (1d), Mo (2d), W (3d)), P(2,4,6-(tBu)3C6H2) (M = Cr (1e), Mo (2e), W (3e)), As(2,4,6-(tBu)3C6H2) (M = Cr (1f), Mo (2f), W (3f)), Sb-tBu (M = Cr (1g), Mo (2g))]. Reaction of Br2Fe(CO)4 with the corresponding dilithium compounds \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amsmath}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ Li_2 \left\{ {\left[ M \right]\dddot - PPh_2 } \right\} $\end{document} affords the phosphido-bridged heterodimetallic complexes . According to X-ray structural analyses in 2a and 2f the P - E bond distances are shortened while the Mo - E bonds are significantly elongated compared to a single bond. (OC)5CrTHF is added to the Lewis basic E atom in 2b, 2d, and 2g with loss of THF to give P-tBu (4d), Sb-tBu (4g)]. By this reaction the antimony-containing ring 2g is kinetically stabilized. Because of the low basicity of the N atom in 2a no addition was observed. The ring skeleton of 4b and 4g, undergoes no change by Cr(CO)5 coordination as shown by X-ray structural analyses.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: A-Frame complexes ; SO2-bridged complexes ; S, SO, and SO2 ligands ; Insertion reactions ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis and Structure of Sulfur-, Sulfur Monoxide-, and Sulfur Dioxide-Bridged Dimetallic Complexes of the Type [M(CO)(dppm)]2(μ-S)(μ-L) and [(CO)3M'(dppm)2MX](μ-L') (M = Rh, Ir; M' = Mo, W, Mn; L = SO, SO2; L' = S, SO2; X = Cl, CO)The homo- and heterodimetallic complexes [M(CO)(dppm)]2-(μ-S)(μ-SO2) (M = Rh, Ir) (2a, b), [(CO)3M'(dppm)2MCl](μ-SO2) (M' = Mo, W; M = Rh, Ir) (4a - c), and [(CO)3Mn(dppm)2- Rh(CO)] (6) by passing sulfur dioxide through their solutions. The X-ray structure analysis of 5a shows the SO2 ligand in a bridging position, whereas one CO ligand is semibridging. Treatment of the same starting materials with thiirane S-oxide does not lead to the corresponding SO-bridged dimers, with the only exception of 1b, which yields the new SO complex [(Ir(CO)(dppm)]2(μ-S)(μ-SO) (3b). Passing H2S through a solution of 6, the sulfur-bridged complex [(CO)3Mn(dppm)2- Rh(CO)](μ-S) (8) is formed, accompanied by H2 elimination.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Lithium dicyanomethanide ; Sodium dicyanomethanide ; Dicyanomethanides, lithium, sodium, tetrabutylammonium salts ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Crystal Structures of {Li3(12-crown-4)2[HC(CN)2]3}, {Na(15-crown-5)[HC(CN)2]}, and {NaN(nBu)4[HC(CN)2]2 · THF}The preparation and the crystal structures of the title compounds 1 - 3 are described. 1 forms a polymeric chain structure, in which one of the lithium ions is linked by Li…NCC(H)CN… bridges. The remaining lithium ions form (12-crown-4)Li[NCC(H)CN] units, which are coordinated by one of the nitrogen atoms of the dicyanomethanide ions with the lithium ions of the chain. 2 forms an ion pair, in which the sodium ion is coordinated by the five oxygen atoms of the crown ether molecule and by one nitrogen atom of the dicyanomethanide ion. 3 has a threedimensional network, in which the sodium ions are coordinated in a distorted tetrahedral manner by the nitrogen atoms of the dicyanomethanide ions. In the cavities of the network the tetrabutylammonium ions and the THF molecules are found.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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