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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (75)
  • Chemistry  (73)
  • Reliability  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 242 (1993), S. 209-217 
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Classification ; ICD-10 ; DSM-III-R ; Reliability ; Case Records ; International Diagnostic Checklists (IDCL)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The psychiatric classification systems ICD-10 and DSM-III-R were compared by applying both sets of diagnostic criteria to the same sample of patients suffering from affective and psychotic disorders. Four independent raters assessed diagnoses according to both systems to 100 written case records which had been prepared in a traditional, standard format. The International Diagnostic Checklists (IDCL) were employed to rate relevant psychopathological signs and symptoms and to apply diagnostic decision rules. The results showed that ICD-10 yielded a generally higher reliability for all main disorders except for bipolar disorder. Overall reliability was κ=0.53 for diagnoses according to DSM-III-R and 0.59 for diagnoses according to ICD-10. Agreement was best for affective disorders, moderate for schizophrenia and inacceptable for schizoaffective disorder. Insufficient boundaries were found in both systems between schizoaffective disorder on one side and schizophrenia and bipolar disorder on the other side. The different duration criteria for schizophrenia of six months in DSM-III-R and one month in ICD-10 tend to have considerable consequences for frequency rates of schizophrenia in a typical clinical setting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Diagnostic checklist ; Personality disorders ; DSM-III-R ; Reliability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Diagnostic checklists for the assessment of DSM-III-R Axis I diagnoses have proven to be a reliable and feasable instrument in research and routine clinical care. Therefore, a checklist for the assessment of the DSM-III-R Personality Disorders (MDCL-P) has been developed. An English version of the MDCL-P is available. The MDCL-P has been tested for reliability in a test-retest design. The average duration of the interview was 36 min. Of the patients, 48% received a diagnosis of at least one personality disorder. The Kappa value concerning the distinction personality disorder as opposed to no personality disorder was 0.62. The range of Kappa values of specific personality disorders, which were diagnosed at least five times, was from 0.35 to 0.79.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 120 (1987), S. 1125-1132 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis and Structure Analysis of 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydrobenzo[g]-quinoxaline-5,10-quinones2,3-Diamino-1,4-dihydroxynaphthalene reacts with different aromatic aldehydes to give 2,3-disubstituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzo[g]quinoxaline-5,10-quinones (1-7). In the course of the reaction a new C-C bond is formed stereoselectively. The yields are in the range of 80%. The corresponding benzoquinoxalinequinone 8 with different substituents in 2- and 3-positions is formed by a two-step preparation. Oxidation of these trans products leads to the benzo[g]quinoxaline-quinones and subsequent catalytic reduction yields the cis isomers. The structures and the configuration of 1 and 9 were determined by X-ray crystallography. The conformations of the new heterocycles are discussed with respect to the results obtained in solid and liquid phase.
    Notes: 2,3-Diamino-1,4-naphthohydrochinon reagiert mit Benzaldehyden unter Cyclisierung und Protonenwanderung stereoselektiv zu 2,3-disubstituierten 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydrobenzo[g]chinoxalin-5,10-chinonen (1-7) (Ausbeuten ca. 80%). Benzochinoxalin-5,10-chinon 8, das in 2- und 3-Stellung unterschiedlich substituiert ist, wird durch eine zweistufige Reaktion erhalten. Die Anordnung der Phenylreste in 2- und 3-Stellung wird für 1 und 9 durch Röntgenstrukturanalysen ermittelt; beide Spezies liegen in trans-Konfiguration vor. Durch Oxidation zu Benzo [g]chinoxalin-chinonen und anschließende katalytische Hydrierung werden cis-Isomere erhalten. Unter Berücksichtigung der Ergebnisse aus den Kristallstruktur- und NMR-Untersuchungen werden verschiedene Konformationen diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation and Properties of, and Reactions with, Metal-Containing heterocycles, LIX.  -  Synthesis and Properties of ηn2-Thiophosphinito complexes of CobaltThe η2-thiophosphinito complexes (OC)2(R2R12P)Co(η2-PR32S) (3a,b,d,e,i,j,k,m,n) are obtained by reaction of ICo(CO)2(PR3)2 (1, 2) [R = Ph (1), Cy (2)] with the secondary phosphane sulfides R32HP=S in the presence of Et(iPr)2N. The Me2PS und Et2PS compounds 3a,b,d oligomerize easily to form [(OC)2(R2R12P)Co(μ-PR32S)]n (4a,b,d) (n 〉 2). Upon exchange of PR12R2 (R1 = R2 = Ph) in 3a,d,j,m by PPh2Me, PPhMe2, and PMe3 in addition to the η2-thiophosphinito complexes 3f,g,l the dimeric species [(OC)2(R2R12P)Co(μ-PR32S)]2 (5c,f,g,h,o) are formed. The dimerization tendency depends on the steric demand of the substituents R1, R2, and R3. The substituents R1 and R2 in 5f,g are responsible for energetically preferred preferred rotamers, which are indicated in the 31P{1H}-NMR spectra. The barrier of rotation is calculated to give ΔG≠ = 42 kJ/mol. According to X-ray structural analysis (OC)2(Cy3P)Co(η2-PEt2S) (3e), [(OC)2(Me3P)Co-(μ-PMe2S)]2 (5c), and [(OC)2(Ph2MeP)Co(μ-PEt2S)]2 (5f) crystallize in the space group P21/c, P1 and P21/c with Z = 4, 2, and 2, respectively.
    Notes: Durch Umsetzung von ICo(CO)2(PR3)2 (1, 2) [R = Ph (1), Cy (2)] mit den sekundären Phosphansulfiden R23HP = S erhält man in Gegenwart von Et(iPr)2N die η2-Thiophosphinito-Komplexe (OC)2(R2R21P)Co(η2-PR23S) (3a,b,d,e,i,j,k,m,n). Die Me2PS und Et2PS-Verbindungen 3a,b,d oligomerisieren leicht unter Bildung von [(OC)2(R2R21P)Co(μ-PR23S]n (4a,b,d) (n 〉 2). Beim Austausch von PR21R2 (R1 = R2 = Ph) in 3a,d,j,m durch PPh2-Me, PPhMe2 und PMe3 entstehen neben den η2-Thiophosphinito-Komplexen 3f,g,l die dimeren Spezies [(OC)2(R21P) Co(μ-PR23S)]2 (5c,f,g,h,o). Die Dimerisierungstendenz hängt von dem sterischen Anspruch der Substituenten R1, R2 und R3 ab. Die Substituenten R1 und R2 in 5f,g sind für energetisch bevorzugte Rotamere verantwortlich, die sich in den 31P{1H}-NMR-Spektren zu erkennen geben. Die Rotationsbarriere berechnet sich zu ΔG≠ = 42 kj/mol. Nach Röntgenstrukturanalysen kristallisieren (OC)2(Cy3P)Co(η2-PEt2S) (3e), [(OC)2(Me3P)Co(μ-PMe2S)]2 (5c) und [(OC)2(Ph2MeP)Co(μ-PEt2S)]2 (5f) in der Raumgruppe P21/c, P1 bzw. P21/c mit Z = 4, 2 bzw. 2.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Phosphametallacyclopropanes ; Isolobal building blocks ; Lewis basic behavior ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Metal-Containing Heterocycles: Preparation, Properties, Reactions, LXXVII. - Synthesis, Structure and Reactivity of Phosphametallacyclopropanes with Isolobal ER (E = N,P,As,Sb) and Fe(CO)4 Building BlocksThe phosphidometallates \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amsmath}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ Li_2 \left\{ {\left[ M \right]\dddot - PPh_2 } \right\} $\end{document} {[M] = (η5-C5H5)M-(CO)2}, resulting from the metal hydride complexes H[M]PPh2H [M = Cr (1), Mo (2), W (3)] by reduction with nBuLi, react with the geminal dihalides RECl2 to give the three-membered phosphametallacyclopropanes [ER = NC6F5 (M = Cr (1a), Mo (2a), W (3a)), PPh (M = Cr (1b), Mo (2b), W (3b)), PC6H11 (M = Cr (1c), Mo (2c), W (3c)), P-tBu (M = Cr (1d), Mo (2d), W (3d)), P(2,4,6-(tBu)3C6H2) (M = Cr (1e), Mo (2e), W (3e)), As(2,4,6-(tBu)3C6H2) (M = Cr (1f), Mo (2f), W (3f)), Sb-tBu (M = Cr (1g), Mo (2g))]. Reaction of Br2Fe(CO)4 with the corresponding dilithium compounds \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amsmath}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ Li_2 \left\{ {\left[ M \right]\dddot - PPh_2 } \right\} $\end{document} affords the phosphido-bridged heterodimetallic complexes . According to X-ray structural analyses in 2a and 2f the P - E bond distances are shortened while the Mo - E bonds are significantly elongated compared to a single bond. (OC)5CrTHF is added to the Lewis basic E atom in 2b, 2d, and 2g with loss of THF to give P-tBu (4d), Sb-tBu (4g)]. By this reaction the antimony-containing ring 2g is kinetically stabilized. Because of the low basicity of the N atom in 2a no addition was observed. The ring skeleton of 4b and 4g, undergoes no change by Cr(CO)5 coordination as shown by X-ray structural analyses.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: A-Frame complexes ; SO2-bridged complexes ; S, SO, and SO2 ligands ; Insertion reactions ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis and Structure of Sulfur-, Sulfur Monoxide-, and Sulfur Dioxide-Bridged Dimetallic Complexes of the Type [M(CO)(dppm)]2(μ-S)(μ-L) and [(CO)3M'(dppm)2MX](μ-L') (M = Rh, Ir; M' = Mo, W, Mn; L = SO, SO2; L' = S, SO2; X = Cl, CO)The homo- and heterodimetallic complexes [M(CO)(dppm)]2-(μ-S)(μ-SO2) (M = Rh, Ir) (2a, b), [(CO)3M'(dppm)2MCl](μ-SO2) (M' = Mo, W; M = Rh, Ir) (4a - c), and [(CO)3Mn(dppm)2- Rh(CO)] (6) by passing sulfur dioxide through their solutions. The X-ray structure analysis of 5a shows the SO2 ligand in a bridging position, whereas one CO ligand is semibridging. Treatment of the same starting materials with thiirane S-oxide does not lead to the corresponding SO-bridged dimers, with the only exception of 1b, which yields the new SO complex [(Ir(CO)(dppm)]2(μ-S)(μ-SO) (3b). Passing H2S through a solution of 6, the sulfur-bridged complex [(CO)3Mn(dppm)2- Rh(CO)](μ-S) (8) is formed, accompanied by H2 elimination.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Lithium dicyanomethanide ; Sodium dicyanomethanide ; Dicyanomethanides, lithium, sodium, tetrabutylammonium salts ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Crystal Structures of {Li3(12-crown-4)2[HC(CN)2]3}, {Na(15-crown-5)[HC(CN)2]}, and {NaN(nBu)4[HC(CN)2]2 · THF}The preparation and the crystal structures of the title compounds 1 - 3 are described. 1 forms a polymeric chain structure, in which one of the lithium ions is linked by Li…NCC(H)CN… bridges. The remaining lithium ions form (12-crown-4)Li[NCC(H)CN] units, which are coordinated by one of the nitrogen atoms of the dicyanomethanide ions with the lithium ions of the chain. 2 forms an ion pair, in which the sodium ion is coordinated by the five oxygen atoms of the crown ether molecule and by one nitrogen atom of the dicyanomethanide ion. 3 has a threedimensional network, in which the sodium ions are coordinated in a distorted tetrahedral manner by the nitrogen atoms of the dicyanomethanide ions. In the cavities of the network the tetrabutylammonium ions and the THF molecules are found.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 1137-1139 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Tetraindane(4) ; Indium(I) ; Mn-Mn bond ; Indium alkyl bridge ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Tetrahedra-tetrakis[tris(trimethylsilyl)methyl]tetraindane(4) (1) reacts with decacarbonyldimanganese(0) to yield the bright red crystalline title compound 2, in which two carbonyl ligands are replaced by two InR fragments. The crystal structure determination of 2 shows two Mn(CO)4 groups (Mn-Mn 313.7 pm) bridged by two monoalkylindium units and a planar Mn2In2 molecular center.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 117 (1984), S. 2785-2789 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reactions with Allylidenephosphoranes, IV. An Easy Synthesis of Cyclopentadienones (Cyclones)The allylidenephosphoranes 2 react with α-ketocarbonyl chlorides 3 readily to afford the cyclopentadienones 4 and their Diels-Alder dimers 5. With an excess of 2a, 4a undergoes competitive Michael additions yielding a mixture of 4-allylidene-2-cyclopentenone 6 and 4-(1-propenyl)-2-cyclopentenone 7.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation and Properties of, and Reactions with, Metal-Containing Heterocycles, XLII The P = S Group as a Building Block in the Heteroanalogous Alkyne CyclocotrimerizationThe S isomeric complexes LnFe(CO)(I) - SPHR½ (3 a - e) [R1 = CH3 (a), C2H5 (b), n-C3H7, (c) t-C4H9 (d), c-C6H11 (e)] are obtained by substitution of CO in LnFe(CO)2I (1) [LnFe = (n-C3F7)-Fe(CO)2] by the phosphane sulfides SPHR1/2 (2a - e). Base supported HI elimination from 3a, b results in the formation of the η2-thiophosphinito complexes (4a, b) which can be regarded as starting points of the P = S heteroanalogues alkyne trimerization. 4b reacts with the electrophilic alkynes 5x - z to give the ferracyclopentadienes (6 bx - z) [R2 = CO2C2H5 (x), CO2CH(CH3)2 (y, CO2C6H11 (z)]. Towards alkynes 6 bx - z behave kinetically labile and are transformed with 5x - z to the bicyclic compounds 7 bx - z under CO separation. According to X-ray structural determinations, 3a, 4 b, und 6 bz crystallize in the monoclinic and triclinic space groups P21/n (3a), C2/c (4b), and P1 (6 bz) with Z = 4, 8, and 2, respectively.
    Notes: Bei der Substitution von CO in LnFe(CO)2I (1) [LnFe = (n-C3F7Fe(CO)2] durch die Phosphansulfide SPHR1/2 (2a - e) [R1 = CH3 (a), C2H5 (b), n-C3H7 (c), t-C4H9 (d), c-C6H11 (e)] erhält man die S-isomeren Komplexe LnFe(CO)(I) - SPHR1/2 (3a - e). Basenunterstützte HI-Eliminierung liefert aus 3a, b die η2-Thiophosphinito-Komplexe (4a, b), welche als Ausgangspunkte der P = S-heteroanalogen Alkintrimerisierung anzusehen sind. Mit den elektrophilen Alkinen 5x - z reagiert 4b zu den Ferracyclopentadienen (6bx - z) [R2 = CO2C2H5 (x), CO2CH(CH3)2 (y), CO2C6H11 (z)]. Diese verhalten sich gegenüber Alkinen kinetisch labil und gehen mit 5x - z unter CO-Abspaltung in die bicyclischen Verbindungen 7 bx - z über. Aufgrund von Röntgenstrukturanalysen kristallisieren 3a, 4 b und 6 bz in den monoklinen bzw. triklinen Raumgruppen P21/n (3 a), C2/c (4b) bzw. P1 (6 bz) mit Z = 4, 8 bzw. 2.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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