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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (10)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (8)
  • Chlordiazepoxide  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of cocaine, chlordiazepoxide, and chlorpromazine on responding of squirrel monkeys under second-order schedules of IM cocaine injection or food presentation (1983)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 81 (1983), S. 164-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Cocaine ; Chlordiazepoxide ; Chlorpromazine ; Drug self-administration ; Drugs and schedule-controlled behavior ; Drug effects on behaviors maintained by different reinforcing events
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Lever pressing by squirrel monkeys was maintained under second-order schedules of either food presentation or IM cocaine injection. Under one second-order schedule, every tenth response produced a brief (1-s) visual stimulus and the first brief stimulus presented after 30 min had elapsed was followed either by ten 300 mg food pellets or by a 3.0 mg IM injection of cocaine. Under another second-order schedule, the first response after 3 min produced the brief stimulus and the tenth brief stimulus was followed either by food or by cocaine. The two types of second-order schedules generated distinctly different patterns of responding. Furthermore, the temporal distribution of responding maintained by food presentation or cocaine injection sometimes differed slightly under the same schedule. Food presentation or cocaine injection occurred only at the end of each daily session, thereby allowing assessment of the effects of presession administration of cocaine, chlorpromazine (CPZ), and chlordiazepoxide (CDP) on responding at times when the direct effects of consequent cocaine injections were minimal or absent. Presession treatment with suitable doses of cocaine increased low rates of food- or cocaine-maintained responding under both types of second-order schedules, whereas CPZ only decreased responding. CDP increased responding in some monkeys, whereas in other monkeys it had little or no effect. Individual differences in the effects of CDP were not related to the schedule of reinforcement, the maintaining event, or the control rate of responding. Thus, the behavioral effects of cocaine, CDP, and CPZ were largely independent of whether responding was maintained by food or by cocaine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429013
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacological specificity of enhanced sensitivity to naltrexone in rats (1993)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 110 (1993), S. 60-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Opioid antagonists ; Opioid agonists ; Enhanced sensitivity ; Amphetamine ; Chlordiazepoxide ; Schedule-controlled behavior ; Rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rats treated weekly with cumulative doses (1–100 mg/kg, IP) of naltrexone develop an enhanced sensitivity to the operant response-rate decreasing effect of naltrexone. In the present experiment the pharmacological specificity of that enhanced sensitivity was determined by testing a variety of drugs for cross-sensitivity to naltrexone. Cross-sensitivity was evaluated with two procedures. In one, dose-effect functions were determined for each of the test compounds before and after the development of enhanced sensitivity to naltrexone in a single group of rats. In the second procedure, one group of rats was made sensitive to naltrexone, while a second was not. Test compounds were then evaluated in both groups. For both procedures, a shift to the left in the dose-effect functions similar to naltrexone was considered evidence of cross-sensitivity. Of the opioid antagonists tested, only naloxone showed clear cross-sensitivity to naltrexone, although MR 2266 and diprenorphine also showed evidence of cross-sensitivity. The opioid antagonist quadazocine did not show cross-sensitivity to naltrexone on the day of testing, although some evidence of cross-sensitivity was evident 24 h later. In addition, the dose-effect function ford-amphetamine was significantly changed following naltrexone treatment. No evidence of cross-sensitivity was observed for the optical isomer of naloxone,d-naloxone, or for naloxone's quaternary derivative, naloxone methiodide. None of the opioid agonists or agonist-antagonists tested showed cross-sensitivity to naltrexone (i.e. morphine, U-50, 488H, ethylketocyclazocine,N-allylnormetazocine and pentazocine). The non-opioid drugs chlordiazepoxide and phencyclidine also failed to show evidence of cross-sensitivity. However, the dose-effect curves for chlordiazepoxide were shifted significantly to the right following naltrexone treatment. The results of the present experiment indicate that the enhanced sensitivity which develops to naltrexone in rats is stereospecific and centrally mediated. The effect is specific, in that it does not appear to confer changes in the behavioral effects of non-opioids or even opioid agonists.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02246951
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A circular dichroism microspectrophotometer (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 21 (1982), S. 1899-1908 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A microscope capable of measuring the CD of intact single eukaryotic cells, DNA microcrystals, and other microscopic structures has been constructed and tested. It can measure the CD spectra in the 200- and 800-nm wavelength range and consists of a modification to a standard Cary 60 CD machine in combination with a Zeiss uv microspectrometer. Preliminary CD spectra of red blood cells and lymphocytes are presented.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360210916
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of scanning acoustic microscopy to polymeric materials (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 52 (1994), S. 329-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Scanning acounstic microscopy (SAM) is now a viable technique for the nondestructive evaluation of various materials. SAM is capable of distinguishing defect and discontinuities and/or the variations in elastic properties on a scale comparable to optical microscopy. The pulse mode utilizes a single narrow acoustic wave that permits surface and internal studies over a range of frequencies from 5 to 200 MHz with resolution down to approximately 20 μm. This technique was applied to image surface features of an opaque sheet-molding compound and to analyze flow patterns of chopped glass fibers. The pulse mode was also used to image the internal damage sustained from a high-speed projectile in oriented polypropylene and two carbon fiber-reinforced composites, with different matrices. Most importantly, the pulse mode of the acoustic microscope is a nondestructive method and the interior of samples that are entirely opaque can be readily studied with this unique instrument. The burst mode is composed of a group of acoustic waves and is capable of operating at higher frequencies than the pulse mode up to several gigahertz. This mode permits resolution down to the micrometer level and is especially useful for investigating surface and subsurface microstructural features. The burst mode was used to determine the distribution of chopped fibers in a PEEK matrix and carbon black particulars in an adhesive, the orientation of the mineral phase and density variations in a single osteon from a dog femur, and the orientation of collagen fibers in sheep meniscus. Also, the sensitivity of the burst mode to surface features was used to examine the topographical features in a multilayer composite and a blend of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) with poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) particulates. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 24 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070520217
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The bone-biomaterial interface. Davies, J. E. ed. Toronto: University of Toronto Press: 1991 (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 3 (1992), S. 237-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jab.770030312
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The elastic properties of hard tissues and apatitesContribution No. 45 from the Laboratory for Crystallographic Reserach, Department of Physics. (A preliminary version of this paper was presetned at the Engineering Foundation's Research Conference, “Bioceramics-Engineering in Medicine” Henniker, New Hampshire, August 3-7, 1970). (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 6 (1972), S. 221-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The pressure dependence of the elastic constants of various halides, hard tissues and synthetic apatites have been examined in the 0- to 50-kilobar range using a solid media, pressure apparatus coupled with an ultrasonic interferometer. The samples includ: hydroxy-, fluor-, and chlor-apatite, NaCl, CaF2, mollusc shell (aragonite), ivory, dentin and enamel, and fish, bovine, and human bones. High pressures were used in order to assess the effects of porosity in aggregate samples and to make measurements on specimens of ideal density. Computer analysis of the measured longitudinal and shear ultrasonic velocities yields the pressure dependence of the bulk, shear, and Young's moduli and Poisson's ratio. Atmospheric pressure values at ideal density are obtained by back extrapolation from the high pressure measurements.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820060311
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The pressure dependence of the elastic constants of dental amalgamContribution #40: This investigation was supported by U.S.P.H.S. Training Grant No. 5TI-DE-0117-07 and Research Grant No. 5POI-DE-2336-03 from the National Institute of Dental Research, N. I. H., and by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration through Rensselaer's Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center. (1971)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 5 (1971), S. 489-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The pressure dependence of the elastic constants of dental amalgam has been examined in the 0-50 kilobar range using a solid media, pressure apparatus coupled with an ultrasonic interferometer. Computer analysis of the measured longitudinal and shear ultrasonic wave velocities yields the pressure dependence of the bulk, shear and Young's moduli and Poisson's ratio. Samples were prepared with varying compositions from micro-cut and spherical dental alloys. The elastic behavior of these samples can be directly related to the sample structure and composition as well as to the manipulation during preparation. In addition, an estimate can be made of the volume concentration of porosity.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820050505
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A composite model of the elastic behavior of dental amalgamContribution #42: This investigation was supported by U.S.P.H.S. Training Grant No. 5TI-DE-0117-07 and Research Grant No. 5POI-DE-2336-03 from the National Institute of Dental Research, N.I.H., and by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration through Rensselaer's Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center. (1971)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 5 (1971), S. 515-527 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: A model describing the elastic behavior of dental amalgam as a composite material has been developed using elastic theory for quasi-homogeneous, quasi-isotropic systems. The elastic constants of the composite amalgam can be computed using Voigt-Reuss and Hashin-Shtrikman methods if the relative volume fractions and the elastic constants of the constituent phases are known. This model also relates the elastic behavior of the amalgam to manipulation during preparation. The elastic constants of several spherical and cut amalgams, as well as the constituent γ, γ1, and γ2 alloys, have been measured in the 0-50 kilobar range using a solid media pressure apparatus and an ultrasonic interferometer. High pressure studies are necessary so that the effects of porosity can be assessed. Calculations based on this model include the effects of porosity as well as the Hg content.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820050507
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scanning acoustic microscopy study of titanium-ceramic interface of dental restorations (1998)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 42 (1998), S. 508-516 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: nondestructive analysis ; titanium-ceramic interface ; scanning acoustic microscopy ; protective coating ; four-point bending test ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Failures that occur in titanium-ceramic restorations are of concern in clinical dentistry. The purpose of this study was to nondestructively characterize the internal cracks and nonadherent defects at the titanium-porcelain interface using scanning acoustic microscopy. Titanium samples coated with porcelain without a bonding agent, with sputter coated palladium or chromium as an oxygen diffusion barrier on the titanium, and with the use of a porcelain bonding agent (control group) were compared. The scanning acoustic microscopy analyses were correlated with four-point bending test results. The group that was initially coated with palladium had fewer interfacial defects and a higher load to failure than the control group, and the group that did not contain the bonding agent had a higher void area and a lower load to failure than the control group. The use of chromium produced no differences from the control group. Samples after a four-point bending test were also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The scanning electron microscopy was not able to characterize interfacial defects at the fractured titanium-ceramic interface for some of the samples. The validity of nondestructive analysis at the Ti-ceramic interface using scanning acoustic microscopy was demonstrated in this study. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 42, 508-516, 1998.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The elastic constants of the constituent phases of dental amalgamContribution #41: This investigation was supported by U.S.P.H.S. Training Grant No. 5TI-DE-0117-07 and Research Grant No. 5POI-DE-2336-03 from the National Institute of Dental Research, N. I. H., and by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration through Rensselaer's Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center. (1971)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 5 (1971), S. 503-513 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The pressure variations of the elastic constants of the constituent phases of dental amalgam (γ-Ag3Sn, γ1-Ag2Hg3, and γ2-HgSn7-8) were investigated in the 0-50 kilobar range. The velocities of propagation of longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic waves were measured using an ultrasonic interferometer and a solid media pressure apparatus. Computer analysis yields the pressure dependence of the bulk modulus, shear modulus, Young's modulus, and Poisson's ratio; atmospheric pressure values are obtained by back extrapolation from the high pressure measurements. The values of these elastic constants are related to the crystallographic structures of the individual alloys. The possibility of high pressure first order polymorphic transitions in γ and γ2 is also discussed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820050506
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