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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (10)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (8)
  • Dystrophin  (2)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Dystrophin ; Intragenic duplication ; Becker muscular dystrophy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe a family with a large duplication of exons 2–16 of the dystrophin gene. It was characterized by immunocytochemistry, field-inversion gel electrophoresis and quantitative Southern blots. Our observations are of clinical interest in that they demonstrate an intermediate disease course despite a disrupted reading frame of dystrophin as postulated from exon-intron boundaries. We discuss possible mechanisms which may explain the unusual phenotype in our patient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Gliedergürteldystrophie ; Dystrophin ; Sarkoglykan ; Adhalin ; Emery-Dreifuss-Dystrophie ; Emerin ; Merosin ; Calpain-3 ; Muskeldystrophie Duchenne ; Muskeldystrophie Becker ; Key words Limb-girdle dystrophy ; Dystrophin ; Sarcoglycan ; Adhalin ; Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy ; Emerin ; Merosin ; Calpain-3 ; Becker muscular dystrophy ; Duchenne muscular dystrophy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Recent progress in the field of molecular genetics revealed a broader spectrum of dystrophin-related disorders than previously assumed. In addition, the pathogenetic basis of other types of muscular dystrophies could be identified: some autosomal-recessive limb girdle dystrophies are caused by mutations of sarcoglycan genes, others are caused by deficiency of the sarcoplasmatic enzyme calpain-3. Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy is due to the deficiency of the nuclear membrane protein emerin. About 50% of congenital muscular dystrophies are related to mutations of a extracellular matrix protein merosin (α-laminin). A series of monoclonal antibodies for immunohistochemistry is now available recognizing many cytoskeletal muscle proteins. In combination with molecular genetics a diagnostic flow chart can be developed which allows a definite diagnosis in most cases. In this review disease entities are illustrated by case reports. We discuss the significance of immunohistochemical and molecular methods for diagnosis.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Neue Ergebnisse der molekularen Genetik haben in den vergangenen Jahren zu der Einsicht geführt, daß das klinische Spektrum der Erkrankungen, die auf Defekte des Muskelmembranproteins Dystrophin zurückgeführt werden können, erheblich breiter ist, als bisher angenommen wurde. Außerdem konnten die molekularen Ursachen anderer Unterformen der progressiven Muskeldystrophien identifiziert werden: ein Teil der autosomal-rezessiv vererbten Muskeldystrophien vom Gliedergürteltyp beruht auf Mutationen der Sarkoglykangene, andere auf Defekten der sarkoplasmatischen Protease Calpain-3; als Ursache der Emery-Dreifuss-Muskeldystrophie konnte ein Membran-Protein der Kernhülle identifiziert werden; etwa die Hälfte der kongenitalen Muskeldystrophien beruht auf Störungen des Merosins (=α2-Laminin), einer Komponente der extrazellulären Matrix. Es steht heute ein Repertoire an spezifischen Antikörpern gegen fast alle der o.g. Muskelproteine für die Immunhistologie zur Verfügung. Zusammen mit den Methoden der molekularen Genetik kann somit ein differenziertes diagnostisches Schema entwickelt werden, das in vielen Fällen zu einer definitiven Diagnose führt. Anhand eigener Fallberichte werden diese Krankheitsentitäten referiert und auf die differentialdiagnostische Bedeutung einer erweiterten immunhistochemischen und molekularen Diagnostik eingegangen.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Phosphoraneiminato Complexes ; Boron Compounds ; Crystal Structures ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Phosphoraneiminato Complexes of Boron. Syntheses and Crystal Structures of [BBr2(NPMe3)]2, [B2Br3(NPiPr3)2]Br, [B2(NPEt3)4]Br2, [B2Br2(NPPh3)3]BBr4 and [{B2(NMe2)2}2(NPEt3)2]ClThe bromoderivatives of the title compounds are prepared from the corresponding silylated phosphoraneimines Me3SiNPR3 and boron tribromide. The boron subcompound [{B2(NMe2)2}2(NPEt3)2]Cl2 derives from Me3SiNPEt3 and B2Cl2(NMe2)2. All complexes are characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy as well as by crystal structure determinations.[BBr2(NPMe3)]2 (1): Space group P21/n, Z = 2, R = 0.031. Lattice dimensions at -50°C: a = 723.8, b = 894.2, c = 1305.4 pm, β = 92.35°. 1 forms centrosymmetric molecules in which the boron atoms are linked via μ2-N bridges of the NPMe3- groups of from B2N2 four-membered rings with B—N distances of 149.9 and 150.9 pm.B2Br3(NPiPr3)2]Br (2): Space group P21, Z = 2, R = 0.059. Lattice dimensions at -80°C: a = 817.6, b = 2198.7, c = 851.5 pm, β = 115.09°. In the cations of 2 the boron atoms are lined via the μ2-N atoms of the NPiPr3- groups to form planar, asymmetric B2N2 four-membered rings with B—N distances of 143 and 156 pm.[B2(NPEt3)4[Br2·4CH2Cl2 (3): Space group C2/c, Z = 4, R = 0.042. Lattice dimensions at -50°C: a = 1946.1, b = 1180.3, c = 2311.3 pm, β = 101.02°. The structure contains centrosymmetric dications in which both the boron atoms are lined by the N atoms of two of the NPEt3- groups to form a B2N2 four-membered ring with B—N distances of 149.6 pm. The remaining two NPEt3- groups are terminally bonded with very short B—N distances of 133.5 pm.B2Br2(NPPh3)3]BBr4 (4): Space group P1, Z = 2, R = 0.065. Lattice dimension at -50°C: a = 1025.7, b = 1496.1, c = 1807.0 pm, α = 85.09°, β = 82.90°, γ = 82.72°. In the cation the boron atoms are lined via the μ2-N atoms of two of the NPPh3- groups to form a nearly planer B2N2 four-membered ring with B—N distances of 149.3-153.1 pm. The third NPPh33 group is terminally connected with teh sp2 hybridized boron atom and with a B—N distance of 134.1 pm along with an almost linear BNP bond angle of 173.6°.[{B2(NMe2)2}2(NPEt2)2]Cl2 · 3CH2Cl2 (5): Space group C2/c, Z = 4, R = 0.098. Lattice dimensions at -70°C: a = 1557.9, b = 1294.7, c = 2122.9 pm, β = 96.08°. The structure of 4 contains centrosymmetric dications in which two by two B-B dumb-bells are linked via the μ2-N atoms of the two NEPt3- groups to form B4N2 six-membered rings with B—N distances of 150 and 156 pm and B-B distances of 173 pm. The B—N distances of the terminally bonded NMe2- groups correspond to 138 pm double bonds.
    Notes: Die Bromoderivate der Titelverbindungen werden aus den entsprechenden silylierten Phosphaniminen Me3SiNPR3 und Bortribromid hergestellt. Die Borsubverbindung [{B2(NMe2)2}2(NPEt3)2]Cl2 entsteht aus Me3SiNPEt3 und B2Cl2(NMe2)2. Alle Komplexe werden durch NMR- und IR-Spektren sowie durch Kristallstrukturanalysen charakterisiert.[BBr2(NPMe3)]2 (1): Raumgruppe P21/n, Z = 2, R = 0,031. Gitterkonstanten bei -50°C: a = 723,8; b = 894,2; c = 1305,4 pm; β = 92,35°. 1 bildet zentrosymmetrische Moleküle, in denen die Boratome über μ2-N-Brücken der NPMe3--Gruppen zu B2N2-Vierringen mit B—N-Abständen von 149,9 und 150,9 pm verknüpft sind.[B2Br3(NPiPr3)2]Br (2): Raumgruppe P21, Z = 2, R = 0,059. Gitterkonstanten bei -80°C: a = 817,6; b = 2198,7; c = 851,5 pm; β = 115,09°. In den Kationen von 2 sind die Boratome über die μ2-N-Atome der NPiPr3--Gruppen zu planaren, asymmetrischen B2N2-Vierringen mit B—N-Abständen von 143 und 156 pm verknüpft.[B2(NPEt3)4]Br2 · 4 CH2Cl2 (3): Raumgruppe C2/c, Z = 4, R = 0,042. Gitterkonstanten bei -50°C: a = 1946,1; b = 1180,3; c = 2311,3 pm; β = 101,02°. Die Struktur enthält zentrosymmetrische Dikationen, in denen die N-Atome zweier NPEt3--Gruppen die beiden Boratome zu einem B2N2-Vierring mit B—N-Abständen von 149,6 pm verknüpfen. Die beiden übrigen NPEt3--Gruppen sind terminal gebunden mit sehr kurzen B—N-Abständen von 133,5 pm.[B2Br2(NPPh3)3]BBr4 (4): Raumgruppe P1, Z = 2, R = 0,065. Gitterkonstanten bei -50°C: a = 1025,7; b = 1496,1; c = 1807,0 pm; α = 85,09°; β = 82,90°; γ = 82,72°. In dem Kation sind die Boratome über die μ2-N-Atome zweier NPPh3--Gruppen zu einem nahezu planaren B2N2-Vierring mit B—N-Abständen von 149,3-153,1 pm verknüpft. Die dritte NPPh3--Gruppe ist mit dem sp2-hybridisierten Boratom terminal mit einem B—N-Abständ von 134,1 pm verbunden bei einem fast linearen BNP-Bindungswinkel von 173,6°.[{B2(NMe2)2}2(NPEt3)2]Cl2 · 3 CH2Cl2 (5): Raumgruppe C2/c, Z = 4, R = 0,098. Gitterkonstanten bei -70°C: a = 1557,9; b = 1294,7; c = 2122,9 pm; β = 96,08°. Die Struktur von 4 enthält zentrosymmetrische Dikationen, in denen je zwei B—B-Hanteln über die μ2-N-Atome der beiden NPEt3--Gruppen zu B4N2-Sechsringen mit B—N-Abständen von 150 und 156 pm sowie B—B-Abständen von 173 pm verknüpft sind. Die B—N-Abstände der terminal gebundenen NMe2--Gruppen entsprechen mit 138 pm Doppelbindungen.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: [Dibenzo-18crown6] · CH3CN · CH3CSOH ; [Dicyclohexyl-18-crown6] · (CH3CSOH)2 ; [Cs(benzo-15crown5)2] CH3CSS ; [Cs(dibenzo-18crown6)]2S5(DMF)2 ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of the Adducts [DB-18C6] · CH3CN · CH3CSOH and [DC-18C6](CH3CSOH)2 as well as of the Salt-like Compounds [Cs(B-15C5)2]CH3CSS and [Cs(DB-18C6)]2S5(DMF)21)The reaction products of crown ethers, cesium, and sulfur in aprotic solvents like acetonitrile and dimethylformamide strongly depend on the reaction conditions. Using CH3CN as a solvent, sometimes neutral host-guest adducts crystallize only, e.g., [dibenzo-18C6] · CH3CN · CH3CSOH (monoclinic, S. G. P21/c, Z = 4, a = 9.73(1) Å, b = 22.03(1) Å, c = 11.86(1) Å, β = 91.8(1)°) or [dicyclohexyl-18C6](CH3CSOH)2 (monoclinic, S. G. P21/n, Z = 2, a = 7.75(1) Å, b = 10.32(1) Å, c = 17.73(1) Å, β = 95.7(1)°). The monothioacetic acid, CH3CSOH, must be regarded as the first product of the hydrolysis of CH3CN. Furthermore, another product of this kind of hydrolysis, CH3CSSH, is obtained too. Therefore, we also obtain the salt-like compound [Cs(benzo-15C5)2]CH3CSS (monoclinic, S. G. C2/c, Z = 4, a = 16.05(1) Å, b = 16.73(1) Å, c = 13.11(1) Å, β = 106.3(1)°). If the solvent DMF is used, the pentasulfide [Cs(dibenzo-18C6)]2S5(DMF)2 crystallizes (monoclinic, S. G. P21/n, Z = 4, a = 14.79(1) Å, b = 14.24(1) Å, c = 25.74(1) Å, β = 92.7(1°. The S52- anions show the cis-conformation.
    Notes: Setzt man Kronenether mit Cs2CO3 im Molverhältnis 2:1 mit Schwefel und H2S in Dimethylformamid oder Acetonitril als Lösungsmitteln um, erhält man je nach Reaktionsführung und Lösungsmittel unterschiedliche Produkte. Mit Dibenzo-18-Krone-6 in CH3CN kristallisiert das neutrale 1:2-Addukt [Dibenzo-18C6] · CH3CSOH · CH3CN (monoklin, Raumgruppe P21/c, Z = 4; a = 9,73(1) Å; b = 22,03(1) Å; c = 11,86(1) Å; β = 91,8(1)°). Mit Dicyclohexyl-18-Krone-6 in CH3CN erhalten wir unter ähnlichen Bedingungen das neutrale 1:2-Addukt [Dicyclohexyl-18C6](CH3CSOH)2 (monoklin, Raumgruppe P21/n; Z = 2; a = 7,75(1) Å; b = 10,32(1) Å; c = 17,73(1) Å; β = 95,7(1)°). Mit Benzo-15-Krone-5 in CH3CN erhalten wir unter wiederum nicht wesentlich unterschiedlichen Bedingungen das Dithioacetat [Cs(Benzo-15C5)2]CH3CSS, das ein komplexes Kronenether-Kation aufweist (monoklin, Raumgruppe C2/c; Z = 4; a = 16,05(1) Å; b = 16,73(1) Å; c = 13,11(1) Å; β = 106,3(1)°). Wird Dibenzo-18-Krone-6 in DMF umgesetzt, kristallisiert das Pentasulfid [Cs(Dibenzo-18C6)]2S5(DMF)2 (monoklin, Raumgruppe P21/n; Z = 4; a = 14,79(1) Å; b = 14,24(1) Å; c = 25,74(1) Å; β = 92,7(1)°). Die Pentasulfid-Anionen sind cis-konformiert.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 34 (1901), S. 2794-2799 
    ISSN: 0365-9496
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 15 (1882), S. 49-50 
    ISSN: 0365-9496
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 15 (1882), S. 812-813 
    ISSN: 0365-9496
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 39 (1906), S. 2018-2022 
    ISSN: 0365-9496
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 38 (1905), S. 2203-2207 
    ISSN: 0365-9496
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 39 (1906), S. 4110-4119 
    ISSN: 0365-9496
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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