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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (8)
  • Exercise  (4)
  • Middle-distance running velocity  (2)
  • Strength training  (2)
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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (8)
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Years
Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma vasopressin, renin activity, and aldosterone: Effect of exercise and training (1981)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 46 (1981), S. 21-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Training ; Exercise ; Plasma AVP ; Renin activity ; Aldosterone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influence of endurance-training on hematocrit, plasma vasopressin, renin activity, and aldosterone changes at rest and at the end of an exercise performed until exhaustion at a given and constant relative work-load (87% of maximal oxygen uptake) has been studied in four untrained subjects submitted to a 5-month training. At the end of this period, maximal oxygen uptake increased of 15.2% (p〈0.01). Hematocrit at rest slightly rose after training, and if exercise constantly induced increases in hematocrit before (p〈0.001) and after training (p〈0.005), the per cent increase after training was lower than before (p〈0.05). Comparison between the importance of weight loss and hematocrit variation showed that when untrained subjects become trained the variation of hematocrit after exercise becomes smaller while weight loss is more important (p〈0.01). Plasma renin activity (PRA), aldosterone (Aldo) and vasopressin (AVP) levels, compared to control values, displayed a significant increase after exercise before as well as after training. Control values remained unchanged after training for aldosterone and AVP, but were significantly lower (p〈0.05) for PRA. This latter observation could be explained by the change in blood volume induced by exercise.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00422171
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Validation of a physical activity questionnaire in the elderly (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 74 (1996), S. 528-533 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Aging ; Daily energy expenditure ; Exercise ; Maximal oxygen uptake ; Health assessment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this study was to validate a physical activity (PA) questionnaire, Questionnaire d'Activité Physique Saint-Etienne (QAPSE), in an homogenous population of elderly subjects and to estimate its potential for application in routine PA assessments in that age group. A group of 65 (31 men and 34 women) community dwelling, healthy people aged 65–84 years volunteered to participate in a validation substudy comparing maximal oxygen uptake ( $$\dot VO_{2 max} $$ ) and anthropometric data. $$\dot VO_{2 max} $$ correlated positively with mean habitual daily energy expenditure (MHDEE) (r=0.56,P〈0.0001), greater than 3MET (metabolic equivalent) daily energy expenditure (DEE) activity (r=0.371,P=0.002), leisure activity (r=0.368,P=0.003), sports activity (r=0.461,P〈0.0001), basic daily activity (r=0.325,P=0.008) and moving DEE activity (r=0.273,P=0.028) in both sexes, with MHDEE (r=0.366,P=0.043) and moving DEE activity (r=0.388,P=0.031) in the men and with MHDEE (r=0.624;P〈0.001), greater than 3MET DEE activity (r=0.513,P=0.002), leisure activity (r=0.388,P=0.024) and sports activity (r=0.683,P〈0.001) in the women. The MHDEE was positively correlated with body mass (r=0.464) and with fat free mass (r=0.639) and negatively correlated with percentage body fat (r=−0.501). In a reproducibility substudy (n=44) a paired Student'st-test, based on mean differences between the two administrations of the questionnaire did not reach statistical significance for any of the QAPSE activity scores studied. Test-retest correlation coefficients ranged from 0.648 for moving score to 0.967 for MHDEE with correlation coefficientP values being less than 0.001 for all of the QAPSE activity scores. We concluded that QAPSE demonstrated excellent repeatability and good validity in relation to physical fitness and anthropometric data in the population of these healthy elderly volunteers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02376768
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Accuracy of pulse oximetry during intense exercise under severe hypoxic conditions (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 76 (1997), S. 260-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Key words Pulse oximetry ; Arterial oxygen saturation ; Hypoxia ; Exercise ; Accuracy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract There is a growing need to measure arterial oxygen saturation with a non-invasive method during heavy exercise under severe hypoxic conditions. Although the accuracy of pulse oximetry has been challenged by several authors, it has not been done under extreme conditions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of a pulse oximeter (Satlite, Datex, Finland) during exercise under hypoxic conditions where arterial oxygen saturation was below 75%, simulating exercise at extreme altitude. Ten healthy non-smoking men performed two exercise studies of 30 min under normoxia and under hypoxia on two consecutive days. The exercise intensity was 80% of maximal O2 consumption of O2max. Arterial oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry was corrected (S pO2[corr]) according to previously published equations and was compared to arterial oxygen saturation (S aO2) in blood samples taken simultaneously from the radial artery. Reference arterial saturation values ranged from 57.2 to 97.6% for the whole data set. This data set was split according to low (S aO2 ≤ 75%) and high (S aO2 〉 75%) S aO2 values. The error of pulse oximetry (S pO2[corr]− S aO2) was 2.05 (0.87)% [mean (SD)] and 1.80 (1.81)% for high and low S aO2 values, respectively. S pO2[corr] and S aO2 were highly correlated (r = 0.93, SEE = 1.8) for low values. During high-intensity constant workload under severe hypoxic conditions, once corrected, pulse oximetry provides an estimate of S aO2 with a mean error of 2%. Thus, the correction previously described for S pO2 values above 75% saturation applies also to S pO2 values in the range of 57–75% during exercise under hypoxic conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004210050245
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The energetics of middle-distance running (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 60 (1990), S. 38-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Middle-distance running velocity ; Treadmill test ; Body dimensions ; Energy cost of running ; Maximal aerobic velocity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to assess the relative contribution of aerobic processes to running velocity (v), 27 male athletes were selected on the basis of their middle-distance performances over 800, 1500, 3000 or 5000 m, during the 1987 track season. To be selected for study, the average running velocity $$(\bar \upsilon )$$ corresponding to their performances had to be superior to 90% of the best French $$\bar \upsilon $$ of the season. Maximum O2 consumption $$(\dot V_{O_{2{\text{ max}}} } )$$ and energy cost of running (C) had been measured within the 2 months preceding the track season, which, together with oxygen consumption at rest $$(\dot V_{O_{2{\text{ rest}}} } )$$ allowed us to calculate the maximalv that could be sustained under aerobic conditions: $$\upsilon _{a max} {\text{ = }}(\dot V_{O_{2{\text{ max}}} } - \dot V_{O_{2{\text{ rest}}} } ) \times {\text{ C}}^{{\text{ - 1}}} $$ . The treadmill runningv corresponding to a blood lactate of 4 mmol·−1 (v la4), was also calculated. In the whole group, C was significantly related to height (r=−0.43;P〈0.03). Neither C nor $$\dot V_{o_{2{\text{ }}max} } $$ (with, in this case, the exception of the 3000 m athletes) were correlated to $$\bar \upsilon $$ . On the other hand,v a max was significantly correlated to $$\bar \upsilon $$ over distances longer than 800 m. These $$\bar \upsilon $$ were also correlated tov la4. Howeverv la4 occurred at 87.5% SD 3.3% ofv a max, this relationship was interpreted as being an expression of the correlation betweenv a max and $$\bar \upsilon $$ . Calculation ofv a max provided a useful means of analysing the performances. At the level of achievement studied, $$\bar \upsilon $$ sustained over 3000 m corresponded tov a max. The shape of the relationship ofv/v a max as a function of the duration of the event raised the question of a possible change in C as a function of v during middle-distance running competitions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00572183
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hormonal adaptations and modelled responses in elite weightlifters during 6 weeks of training (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 64 (1992), S. 381-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Strength training ; Systems model ; Fatigue ; Fitness ; Serum hormones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The concentrations of serum testosterone, sex-hormone-binding-globulin (SHBG) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were examined throughout 1-year of training in six elite weightlifters. A systems model, providing an estimation of fatigue and fitness, was applied to records of training volume and performance levels in clean and jerk. The analysis focused on a 6-week training period during which blood samples were taken at 2-week intervals. A 4-week period of intensive training (period I) could be distinguished from the following 2-week period of reduced training (period II). During period I, decreases in serum testosterone (P〈0.05) and increases in serum LH concentrations (P〈0.01) were observed; a significant correlation (r=0.90,P〈0.05) was also observed between the changes in serum LH concentration and in estimated fitness. The magnitude of LH response was not related to the change in serum androgens. On the other hand, the change in testosterone: SHBG ratio during period II was significantly correlated (r=0.97,P〈0.01) to the LH variations during period I. These finding suggested that the LH response indicated that the decrease in testosterone concentration was not primarily due to a dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary system control, and that the fatigue/fitness status of an athlete could have influenced the LH response to the decreased testosterone concentration. The negative effect of training on hormonal balance could have been amplified by its influence on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. A decrease in physiological stress would thus have been necessary for the completion of the effect of LH release on androgenic activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00636228
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Catecholamines and metabolic responses to submaximal exercise in untrained men and women (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 50 (1983), S. 393-404 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Exercise ; Catecholamines ; Blood borne substrates ; Sex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influence of exercise on blood borne substrates in relation to plasma catecholamine (CA) levels has been studied in untrained subjects (eight men and eight women). Subjects pedalled a bicycle ergometer for 20 min at a workload approximating to 80% maximal aerobic power. During exercise women reacted similarly to men except that their weight loss and hematocrit were significantly lower. At the end of the bicycling test, plasma dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) concentrations increased similarly in both groups. There was no significant difference in blood energy substrates between men and women except that the plasma free fatty acid (FFA) level was significantly higher in the female. When fitness levels were similar, the previously reported sex-related difference in response to exercise seemed to disappear. The lack of correlation between blood borne substrates variations and CA changes raised the question whether other hormonal factors combined with CA could play a role in the mobilization of energy substrates during exercise.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00423245
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A systems model of training responses and its relationship to hormonal responses in elite weight-lifters (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 61 (1990), S. 48-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Strength training ; Systems model ; Fatigue ; Fitness ; Serum hormonesw
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A systems model, providing an estimation of fatigue and fitness levels was applied to a 1-year training period of six elite weight-lifters. The model parameters were individually determined by fitting the predicted performance (calculated as the difference between fitness and fatigue) to the actual one. The purpose of this study was to validate the systems model by comparing the estimated levels of fatigue and fitness with biological parameters external to the model calculation. The predicted and the actual performances were significantly correlated in each subject. The calculated fitness and fatigue levels were related to serum testosterone concentration, testosterone: cortisol and testosterone: sex hormone binding globulin ratios. The best results were obtained by the comparison between fitness and testosterone levels, which varied in parallel in each subject. In two subjects this correlation was significant (r=0.91, P〈0.05, and r=0.92, P〈0.01). The fitness changes calculated in each subject between the 15th and the 51st weeks of training were significantly correlated with the changes in serum testosterone concentration measured in the same period (r=0.99, P〈0.001). For the whole group testosterone and fitness variations were also significantly intercorrelated (r=0.73, P〈0.001). Correlations, less homogeneous and less significant, were calculated also for other hormones and ratios. These results suggest that (1) the relationships between training and performance can be described by the systems model, (2) the estimated index of fitness has a physiological meaning. The fatigue index remains to be clarified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236693
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiological correlates of middle-distance running performance (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 65 (1992), S. 561-566 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Middle-distance running velocity ; Sex ; Body dimensions ; Energy cost of running ; Maximal oxygen consumption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To compare the relative contributions of their functional capacities to performance in relation to sex, two groups of middle-distance runners (24 men and 14 women) were selected on the basis of performances over 1500-m and 3000-m running races. To be selected for the study, the average running velocity ( $$\bar v$$ ) in relation to performances had to be superior to a percentage (90% for men and 88% for women) of the best French $$\bar v$$ achieved during the season by an athlete of the same sex. Maximal O2 consumption ( $$\dot V{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} $$ max) and energy cost of running (CR) were measured in the 2 months preceding the track season. This allowed us to calculate the maximal $$\bar v$$ that could be sustained under aerobic conditions, νa,max. A $$\bar v$$ : νa, max ratio derived from 1500-m to 3000-m races was used to calculate the maximal duration of a competitive race for which $$\bar v$$ = νa,max (t νa,max) In both groups νa,max was correlated to $$\bar v$$ . The relationships calculated for each distance were similar in both sexes. The CR [0.179 (SD 0.010) ml · kg−1 · m−1 in the women versus 0.177 (SD 0.010) in the men] andt νa,max [7.0 (SD 2.0) min versus 8.4 (SD 2.1)] also showed no difference. The relationships between $$\dot V{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} $$ max and body mass (m b) calculated in the men and the women were different. At the samem b the women had a 10% lower CR than the men; their lowerm b thus resulted in an identical CR. In both groups CR and $$\dot V{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} $$ max were strongly correlated (r=0.74 and 0.75 respectively,P〈0.01), suggesting that a high level of $$\dot V{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} $$ max could hardly be associated with a low CR. These relationships were different in the two groups (P〈0.05). At the same $$\dot V{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} $$ max the men had a higher νa,inax than the women. Thus, the disparity in track performances between the two sexes could be attributed to $$\dot V{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} $$ max and to the $$\dot V{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} $$ max/CR relationships.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00602366
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