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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (12)
  • Fullerenes  (8)
  • Hydrocephalus  (4)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pericerebral collections after shunting (1987)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 3 (1987), S. 97-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Subdural hematoma ; Epidural hematoma ; Shunt complications ; Hydrocephalus ; CSF overdrainage ; Siphon effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Nineteen pericerebral collections (18 subdural and 1 epidural) occurred in a series of 682 consecutive initial shunt insertions for hydrocephalus in children, performed between 1976 and 1984. No collections were observed in 358 reoperations performed in the same patients during the same period. The incidence rate of this complication is nearly four times higher after 2 years of age than in younger children (6.5% versus 1.7%). The rate is also higher, regardless of age, in noncommunicating than in communicating hydrocephalus. Pericerebral collections are observed with high- as well as low-closing pressure valves. Pericerebral collections after shunting were diagnosed in 80% of the cases less than 2 months after surgery. They were asymptomatic in nearly 60% of the cases but could become symptomatic later when they were not treated. At the onset at least, these pericerebral collections are compensated by the outflow of an equal quantity of intraventricular CSF so that ICP is only moderately elevated. Postshunt pericerebral collections may be the consequence of CSF loss at the time of surgery. In most cases, however, they are due to a CSF overdrainage by the valve. This overdrainage, together with the reversal of CSF flow in the highly resistant CSF pathways of hydrocephalus, establishes a pressure lower in the ventricles than in the subarachnoid space and tends to open up the subdural space. The treatment of postshunt subdural collections is the insertion of a simple tubing without valve between the subdural space and the peritoneum, the ventriculoperitoneal shunt being left in place. With this treatment, more than 80% of the collections disappeared or were improved. No complications or secondary aggravation were observed in any of these patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00271133
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surgery of hydrocephalus: past, present and future (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 116 (1992), S. 155-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Hydrocephalus ; ventriculo-cisternostomy ; shunt complications ; CSF overdrainage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The treatment of hydrocephalus, over the centuries, underwent three stages of evolution. During antiquity, middle ages and Renaissance, hydrocephalus was not understood. Medical treatment was useless; surgery was hopeless. The second stage extends from the XIXth century to the end of the first half of the XXth century. CSF circulation was now understood; surgery however, remained inefficient, but some patients survived with arrested hydrocephalus. The third stage begins in the nineteen fifties with the development of silicone shunts with a valve. Surgery transforms the prognosis of hydrocephalus, but the number of post-operative complications creates new problems. The different attempts that have been made during these past two decades to solve these problems are reviewed. They have resulted in a reduction of the mechanical and infectious complications. CSF overdrainage has been minimized. Percutaneous ventriculocisternostomies have in some cases replaced shunts. In the future, to improve outcome in these hydrocephalics, surgery, when indicated, should be performed as early as possible. Knowledge and prevention of the causes of hydrocephalus should be developed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01540869
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Consensus: long-term outcome in hydrocephalus (1994)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 10 (1994), S. 64-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Hydrocephalus ; Etiology ; Treatment ; History ; Outcome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Developments in the treatment of hydrocephalus and its outcome are traced from the time of Hippocrates up to the present day. various factors that have been suspected of influencing the outcome are discussed and their relative importance for long-term outcome is reviewed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00313587
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute intracranial hematomas in term neonates (1986)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 2 (1986), S. 191-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Neonatology ; Intracranial hematomas ; Hydrocephalus ; Dystocic deliveries ; Perinatal anoxia ; Bleeding disorders
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Acute intracranial hematomas in 17 term neonates are reported: 3 were subdural in the posterior fossa; 14 supratentorial, either subdural (8), intracerebral (1 frontal, 4 occipital) or intraventricular (1). The hematomas were aspirated in 3 cases and surgically evacuated in 10. In the remaining 4, the effusion was left in situ. Three patients died: 2 due to dramatic preoperative deterioration and 1 to hemostatic difficulties during surgery. In the 14 survivors, neurological sequellae are major in 3, nil or minor in 11. Comparison of these cases to the 110 others already published allows the following conclusions: (1) the cause of such hematomas is usually multifactorial, combining obstetrical trauma, anoxia and/or coagulation disorders; (2) early diagnosis of the hematoma requires early echography and/or tomodensitometry; (3) when the hematoma causes a midline shift, the authors advocate its early evacuation by aspiration, or craniotomy if it is clotted; (4) the prognosis is poor when there is associated severe perinatal anoxia; if there is no anoxia, the prognosis seems good, but as the follow-up is usually short, definite conclusions are difficult; (5) in our series hydrocephalus requiring treatment occurred in 2 of the 14 survivors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00706809
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and Electrochemistry of Diels-Alder Adducts of [60] Fullerene with a Phthalocyanine and a Hemiporphyrazine (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 1375-1378 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Phthalocyanines ; Hemiporphyrazines ; Fullerenes ; Diels-Alder reactions ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis of a new Diels-Alder adduct 7 of [60]fullerene and a phthalocyaninenickel compound containing a longer spacer than the originally reported Diels-Alder adduct 1 is described. The bisenophilic hemiporphyrazinenickel compound 11 reacts with [60]fullerene to form a Diels-Alder adduct 12 containing two fullerene units. Spectroelectrochemical investigations of 7 and 12 reveal multiple reductions, which are attributed to the corresponding subunits of the molecules. In contrast to 1, the election acceptor properties of the [60]fullerene unit in both molecules have no influence on the electronic properties of the phthalocyanine and hemiporphyrazine, respectively.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19971301005
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Addition Patterns of C60 Trisadducts Involving the Positional Relationships e and trans-n (n = 2-4): Isolation, Properties, and Determination of the Absolute Configuration of Tris(malonates) and Tris[bis(oxazolines)] (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1999 (1999), S. 3027-3039 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Chirality ; Circular dichroism ; Cycloadditions ; Fullerenes ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A series of regioisomeric trisadducts of C60 (5-11, 14-18) having the positional relationships e and trans-n (n = 2-4) resulting from successive additions of malonates or bis(oxazolines) to [6,6]-double bonds of the fullerene framework has been isolated and characterized. The new adducts 8-11 and 15-17 represent examples of unprecedented addition patterns. The addition patterns of the new trisadducts with C2, Cs or C1 symmetry have been assigned on the basis of the known positional relationships of the addends in their precursor bisadducts, and those of the C2- or Cs-symmetric representatives have been verified by analysis of their NMR spectra. The absolute configurations of the adducts with inherently chiral addition patterns could be determined either by comparison of the calculated and experimental CD spectra of the bis(oxazoline) adducts or with knowledge of the absolute configurations of the chiral bisadduct precursors containing bis(oxazoline) addends. The CD spectra of the pairs of diastereomers with an enantiomeric addition pattern fA -15/fC -15, fA -16/fC -16, and fA -18/fC -18 show mirror image behavior and pronounced Cotton effects.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regioselectivity of Multiple Cyclopropanations of C60 and Introduction of a General Bond-Labeling Algorithm for Fullerenes and Their Derivatives (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1996 (1996), S. 1725-1734 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Fullerenes ; Regioselectivity ; Bond labeling ; Methanofullerenes ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A computational (AM1) analysis is presented which shows that the observed regioselectivities of multiple cyclopropanations of C60 are due to orbital-allowed processes. Next to the coefficients of frontier orbitals the characteristic cage distortions of the oligomethanofullerenes are discussed. For further experimental corroboration the synthesis and characterization of an unsymmetrical trisadduct with a I, eI, III*-addition pattern are described. Moreover, since a systematic and descriptive assignment of addition patterns in derivatives of C60 and higher fullerenes becomes more and more important, a simple and general algorithm is introduced, which enables unambiguous bond labeling of both [6,6]- and [5,6]-bonds as well as the assignment of the absolute configuration of any fullerene derivative.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.199619961105
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Side-Chain Modifications of C60 via Activation of the Easily Accessible Fulleromalonic Acid C61(COOH)2 (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1997 (1997), S. 253-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Fullerenes ; Active ester ; Coupling reactions ; Side-chain modifications ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Side-chain modifications of fullerenes can be achieved starting from the malonic acid 2, which is easily accessible by saponification of the corresponding diethyl malonate adduct 1 and is therefore an ideal building block for side chain chemistry on fullerenes. Coupling reactions are carried out via the synthesis of the fullerene active ester 4, which is formed by the reaction of the malonic acid 2 with N-hydroxysuccinimide. During this reaction the malonic acid undergoes decarboxylation, yielding an acetic acid derivative instead of a malonic system. The active ester 4 is isolable and represents an ideal building block for fullerene chemistry. Sidechain modifications can also be carried out as one-step reactions by preparing 4 in situ. We have performed coupling reactions with various compounds containing primary or secondary amino groups.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.199719970136
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of a Biotinated Lipofullerene as a New Type of Transmembrane Anchor (2000)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 2000 (2000), S. 1173-1181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Biotin ; Fullerenes ; Membranes ; Nanostructures ; Reflectometric interference spectroscopy ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: -As a prototype for a new class of lipid membrane components, the lipophilic fullerene derivative (so-called lipofullerene) 1 was synthesized and characterized. This mixed [1:5]-hexakisadduct consists of ten long alkyl chains within five didodecyl malonate addends and a linker malonate carrying a (+)-biotin unit as part of an amphiphilic spacer. The malonates are attached to the fullerene core in an octahedral addition pattern, which was achieved by two successive cyclopropanation sequences with the functional precursor malonate 8 and dodecyl malonate 10. The final step of the synthesis of 1 was the attachment of activated biotin 5 with the deprotected precursor 11. Binding experiments followed by reflectometric interference spectroscopy [RIfS] proved the capability of 1 to bind specifically the protein streptavidin (SA) through the biotin unit. The amphiphilic behavior of 1 was demonstrated by Langmuir Blodgett (LB) film investigations.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fullerene Dendrimers and Lipofullerenes with an Inherently Chiral Hexaaddition Pattern (2000)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 2000 (2000), S. 1051-1059 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Chirality ; Dendrimers ; Fullerenes ; Lipofullerenes ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---The facile synthesis of enantiomerically pure C3-symmetrical fullerene dendrimers all-R-fA-7, all-S-fC-8, all-R-fC-9, and all-S-fA-10, as well as lipofullerenes all-S-fA-11 and all-S-fC-12 involving an octahedral [3:3] addition pattern is described. The C3 symmetrical tris[bis(4-phenyl-2-oxazoline)methano]fullerenes 1, 2, 3, and 4 with known absolute configuration were used as precursors. The completion of the octahedral addition pattern was achieved by a threefold cyclopropanation with the dendritic 3,5-dihydroxybenzylic bromomalonate 5 and the lipophilic dioctadecyl bromomalonate 6. The absolute configurations of the precursor trisadducts were retained in the inherently chiral C3-symmetrical hexakisadducts 7-12. The structure and the isomeric purity of all hexakisadducts 7-12 were unambiguously proven by NMR spectroscopy and other techniques. Preliminary experiments with the dendritic hexakisadducts all-S-fC 8 and all-S-fA 10 revealed that these macromolecular ligands posess catalytic properties with respect to stereoselective cyclopropanations of styrene with ethyl diazoacetate.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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