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  • 1
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Brainstem haemorrhage ; CT scan ; outcome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thirty-two patients with CT-documented primary brainstem haemorrhage were reviewed retrospectively to obtain a clearer overall clinical picture, especially of the severely disabled survivors. They were divided into 3 groups according to outcome: eleven cases (Group 1) died within 1 month following haemorrhage, 11 cases (Group 2) survived but became bedridden, necessitating full living support, and 10 cases (Group 3) showed minimal neurological deficits and resumed normal activities. Owing to CT and improved critical care, the survival rate was 66% for the whole series. Group 2 comprised 34% of all cases. These patients were mostly alert, quadruplegic, and communicated only with great difficulty. The most common initial symptoms and CT finding in each group were as follows;Group 1: unconsciousness, respiratory disturbance, negative light reflex, tachycardia, and haematoma 〉3.0 cm;Group 2: disturbance of consciousness, respiratory disturbance, positive light reflex, normal heart rate, and 2.0〉 haematoma 〈3.5 cm; andGroup 3: alertness or only slight disturbance of consciousness, normal respiration, positive light reflex, normal heart rate, haematoma 〈2.5 cm. Although there is an overlap among them, these findings will be useful to distinguish the three groups from each other. Patients with disturbance of consciousness, respiratory disturbance, positive light reflex, normal heart rate, and 2.0〉 haematoma 〈3.5 cm, have a chance to survive, but in severely disabled condition, if they were treated with vigorous intensive care in the acute stage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 106 (1990), S. 127-131 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Aneurysm ; grade 5 ; outcome ; subarachnoid haemorrhage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The purpose of the present study was to describe the clinical course of patients with Grade-5 ruptured aneurysms (WFNS grading). Among 250 consecutive cases of ruptured aneurysms, 60 Grade-5 patients were reviewed retrospectively, consisting of 24 males and 36 females with an average age of 58 years. Thirty-two patients were directly transferred to our clinic, while the remaining 28 were referred from other clinics. Duration from rupture to arrival at our clinic was within 1 hour in 25 cases and within 2 hours in 43 cases. Systolic blood pressure on admission was 186 mmHg on average. Obvious misdiagnoses by primary physicians were made in 7 cases. Ventricular drainage and clipping/trapping of the aneurysms were performed in 7 and 25 cases, respectively. Forty-nine patients died and the remaining 11 survived. One made a good recovery, 1 was moderately disabled, 8 severely disabled, and 1 in a vegetative state. The prognosis for Grade-5 patients is well known as being extremely poor, which also was the case in our series. Early referral and early surgical intervention have not changed this poor prognosis. Possible improvement of the outcome of this group might be expected by 1) public health and primary physician education on aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage, and 2) control of blood pressure during referral.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 39 (1997), S. 474-479 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Brain infarcts ; Cortical laminar necrosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We studied the MRI characteristics of cortical laminar necrosis in ischaemic stroke. We reviewed 13 patients with cortical laminar high signal on T1-weighted images to analyse the chronological changes in signal intensity and contrast enhancement. High-density cortical lesions began to appear on T1-weighted images about 2 weeks after the ictus. At 1–2 months they were prominent. They began to fade from 3 months but could be seen up to 11 months. These cortical lesions showed isointensity or high intensity on T2-weighted images and did not show low intensity at any stage. Contrast enhancement of the laminar lesions was prominent at 1–2 months and became less apparent from 3 months, but could be seen up to 8 months.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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