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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (2)
  • Key words Small bowel transplantation  (1)
  • Voluntary EMG  (1)
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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (2)
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Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional, histological, and inflammatory changes in chronically rejecting small bowel transplants (2000)
    Springer
    Transplant international 13 (2000), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2277
    Keywords: Key words Small bowel transplantation ; Chronic rejection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Our aim was to develop a model of chronic rejection (CR) in small bowel allografts, and to study the changes occurring in these grafts. Small bowel transplantation was performed using the DA to AS rat strain combination. Short-term (5 mg/kg intramuscular, from days − 2 to + 9), or long-term cyclosporin treatment (5 mg/kg, 3 times a week until day 50) was given to prevent acute rejection. Controls were untreated allografts, DA isografts with and without cyclosporin, and normal DA and AS rats. They were followed for 50 and 100 days after transplantation. Recipients of a syngeneic graft lost weight during the first week after transplantation, but started to regain weight and kept growing thereafter. Histology showed normal bowel architecture with normal mesenteric lymph nodes and Peyers patches. Vigorous acute rejection occurred in the untreated allografts. Animals had persistent weight loss, and were killed between 6–13 days after transplantation. No clinical signs of graft-versus-host disease were seen. Histology showed end-stage acute rejection. In both cyclosporin-treated allografted groups the postoperative course was as in the isografted animals. However, all animals had histologic signs of CR by 50 and 100 days after transplantation. Changes were most prominent in the mesentery. Serositis with increased vascularity, inflammation with sclerosis, and patchy myointimal proliferation with endothelialitis of the mesenteric vessels were found. Changes in the bowel were patchy and included some thickening of the muscle coat, crypt hyperplasia, scattered necrotic cells in the crypts, slight blunting of villi and loss of goblet cells. Infiltrating cells in the mesentery and bowel consisted mainly of CD 4+ cells, CD 8+ T-cells and monocytes/macrophages. Lactulose-mannitol urinary excretion ratio was significantly increased in short-term cyclosporin treated allografts at days 50 and 100 posttransplant. Serum albumin levels were significantly lowered in this group at both time points examined. We developed two models in which CR occurs after small bowel transplantation. Long-term cyclosporin treatment delayed the development of CR, since functional abnormalities were only seen in the animals that were treated with short-term cyclosporin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001470050001
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relationship between voluntary electromyogram, endurance time and intensity of effort in isometric handgrip exercise (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 71 (1995), S. 301-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Fatigue ; Voluntary EMG ; Handgrip exercise
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The relationship between relative force, electromyogram (EMG) and time to fatigue was examined in seven male and seven female subjects [mean (SD) age, 21.7 (3.2) years] during isometric handgrip exercise. Subjects performed sustained submaximal contractions of the right handgrip at three different intensities: 30%, 50%, and 75% of the pretrial maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). EMG was sampled in 1-s epochs every 15 s during the contractions, and the integrated EMG (IEMG) values were then normalized to that of the pretrial MVC. As expected, time to fatigue was longest at 30% MVC and shortest at 75% MVC, but women performed consistently longer than men at each of the three intensities [woman vs men; 400.7 (35.8) vs 364.3 (34.4) s, 205.1 (15.6) vs 139.4 (13) s, and 89.9 (11.4) vs 66.4 (6.4) s, for 30%, 50%, and 75% MVC, respectively; P 〈 0.05)]. IEMG increased in a non-linear fashion over time during each trial, with the magnitude of IEMG being proportional to the intensity of the contraction. At the endurance limit, IEMG was greatest in the 75% MVC trial, however, no IEMG values reached those obtained in the related MVC [30%, 57.2 (6.9)%; 50%, 84.6 (5.7)%; 75%, 92.8 (7.4)%]. In conclusion, endurance time during sustained submaximal isometric handgrip exercise is dependent up on the intensity of the effort, with women having significantly larger endurance times than men. The related increase in IEMG is also proportional to the intensity of effort, however, the factors causing force to fail prior to the final IEMG reaching its predicted maximum remain to be elucidated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00240408
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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