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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (4)
  • Middle-distance running velocity  (2)
  • Strength training  (2)
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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (4)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 60 (1990), S. 38-43 
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Middle-distance running velocity ; Treadmill test ; Body dimensions ; Energy cost of running ; Maximal aerobic velocity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to assess the relative contribution of aerobic processes to running velocity (v), 27 male athletes were selected on the basis of their middle-distance performances over 800, 1500, 3000 or 5000 m, during the 1987 track season. To be selected for study, the average running velocity $$(\bar \upsilon )$$ corresponding to their performances had to be superior to 90% of the best French $$\bar \upsilon $$ of the season. Maximum O2 consumption $$(\dot V_{O_{2{\text{ max}}} } )$$ and energy cost of running (C) had been measured within the 2 months preceding the track season, which, together with oxygen consumption at rest $$(\dot V_{O_{2{\text{ rest}}} } )$$ allowed us to calculate the maximalv that could be sustained under aerobic conditions: $$\upsilon _{a max} {\text{ = }}(\dot V_{O_{2{\text{ max}}} } - \dot V_{O_{2{\text{ rest}}} } ) \times {\text{ C}}^{{\text{ - 1}}} $$ . The treadmill runningv corresponding to a blood lactate of 4 mmol·−1 (v la4), was also calculated. In the whole group, C was significantly related to height (r=−0.43;P〈0.03). Neither C nor $$\dot V_{o_{2{\text{ }}max} } $$ (with, in this case, the exception of the 3000 m athletes) were correlated to $$\bar \upsilon $$ . On the other hand,v a max was significantly correlated to $$\bar \upsilon $$ over distances longer than 800 m. These $$\bar \upsilon $$ were also correlated tov la4. Howeverv la4 occurred at 87.5% SD 3.3% ofv a max, this relationship was interpreted as being an expression of the correlation betweenv a max and $$\bar \upsilon $$ . Calculation ofv a max provided a useful means of analysing the performances. At the level of achievement studied, $$\bar \upsilon $$ sustained over 3000 m corresponded tov a max. The shape of the relationship ofv/v a max as a function of the duration of the event raised the question of a possible change in C as a function of v during middle-distance running competitions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 64 (1992), S. 381-386 
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Strength training ; Systems model ; Fatigue ; Fitness ; Serum hormones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The concentrations of serum testosterone, sex-hormone-binding-globulin (SHBG) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were examined throughout 1-year of training in six elite weightlifters. A systems model, providing an estimation of fatigue and fitness, was applied to records of training volume and performance levels in clean and jerk. The analysis focused on a 6-week training period during which blood samples were taken at 2-week intervals. A 4-week period of intensive training (period I) could be distinguished from the following 2-week period of reduced training (period II). During period I, decreases in serum testosterone (P〈0.05) and increases in serum LH concentrations (P〈0.01) were observed; a significant correlation (r=0.90,P〈0.05) was also observed between the changes in serum LH concentration and in estimated fitness. The magnitude of LH response was not related to the change in serum androgens. On the other hand, the change in testosterone: SHBG ratio during period II was significantly correlated (r=0.97,P〈0.01) to the LH variations during period I. These finding suggested that the LH response indicated that the decrease in testosterone concentration was not primarily due to a dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary system control, and that the fatigue/fitness status of an athlete could have influenced the LH response to the decreased testosterone concentration. The negative effect of training on hormonal balance could have been amplified by its influence on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. A decrease in physiological stress would thus have been necessary for the completion of the effect of LH release on androgenic activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Strength training ; Systems model ; Fatigue ; Fitness ; Serum hormonesw
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A systems model, providing an estimation of fatigue and fitness levels was applied to a 1-year training period of six elite weight-lifters. The model parameters were individually determined by fitting the predicted performance (calculated as the difference between fitness and fatigue) to the actual one. The purpose of this study was to validate the systems model by comparing the estimated levels of fatigue and fitness with biological parameters external to the model calculation. The predicted and the actual performances were significantly correlated in each subject. The calculated fitness and fatigue levels were related to serum testosterone concentration, testosterone: cortisol and testosterone: sex hormone binding globulin ratios. The best results were obtained by the comparison between fitness and testosterone levels, which varied in parallel in each subject. In two subjects this correlation was significant (r=0.91, P〈0.05, and r=0.92, P〈0.01). The fitness changes calculated in each subject between the 15th and the 51st weeks of training were significantly correlated with the changes in serum testosterone concentration measured in the same period (r=0.99, P〈0.001). For the whole group testosterone and fitness variations were also significantly intercorrelated (r=0.73, P〈0.001). Correlations, less homogeneous and less significant, were calculated also for other hormones and ratios. These results suggest that (1) the relationships between training and performance can be described by the systems model, (2) the estimated index of fitness has a physiological meaning. The fatigue index remains to be clarified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 65 (1992), S. 561-566 
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Middle-distance running velocity ; Sex ; Body dimensions ; Energy cost of running ; Maximal oxygen consumption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To compare the relative contributions of their functional capacities to performance in relation to sex, two groups of middle-distance runners (24 men and 14 women) were selected on the basis of performances over 1500-m and 3000-m running races. To be selected for the study, the average running velocity ( $$\bar v$$ ) in relation to performances had to be superior to a percentage (90% for men and 88% for women) of the best French $$\bar v$$ achieved during the season by an athlete of the same sex. Maximal O2 consumption ( $$\dot V{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} $$ max) and energy cost of running (CR) were measured in the 2 months preceding the track season. This allowed us to calculate the maximal $$\bar v$$ that could be sustained under aerobic conditions, νa,max. A $$\bar v$$ : νa, max ratio derived from 1500-m to 3000-m races was used to calculate the maximal duration of a competitive race for which $$\bar v$$ = νa,max (t νa,max) In both groups νa,max was correlated to $$\bar v$$ . The relationships calculated for each distance were similar in both sexes. The CR [0.179 (SD 0.010) ml · kg−1 · m−1 in the women versus 0.177 (SD 0.010) in the men] andt νa,max [7.0 (SD 2.0) min versus 8.4 (SD 2.1)] also showed no difference. The relationships between $$\dot V{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} $$ max and body mass (m b) calculated in the men and the women were different. At the samem b the women had a 10% lower CR than the men; their lowerm b thus resulted in an identical CR. In both groups CR and $$\dot V{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} $$ max were strongly correlated (r=0.74 and 0.75 respectively,P〈0.01), suggesting that a high level of $$\dot V{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} $$ max could hardly be associated with a low CR. These relationships were different in the two groups (P〈0.05). At the same $$\dot V{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} $$ max the men had a higher νa,inax than the women. Thus, the disparity in track performances between the two sexes could be attributed to $$\dot V{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} $$ max and to the $$\dot V{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} $$ max/CR relationships.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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