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Effects of mutations in genes for proteins involved in disulphide bond formation in the periplasm on the activities of anaerobically induced electron transfer chains in Escherichia coli K12 (1996)

Metheringham, R. ; Tyson, K. L. ; Crooke, H. ; [et al.]

Springer

Molecular genetics and genomics 253 (1996), S. 95-102

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ISSN: 1617-4623

Keywords: Key words Disulphide bond formation ; Cytochrome c assembly ; Nitrite reduction ; Nitrate reduction ; Escherichia coli

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract The assembly of anaerobically induced electron transfer chains in Escherichia coli strains defective in periplasmic disulphide bond formation was investigated. Strains deficient in DsbA, DsbB or DipZ (DsbD) were unable to catalyse formate-dependent nitrite reduction (Nrf activity) or synthesize any of the known c-type cytochromes. The Nrf+ activity and cytochrome c content of mutants defective in DsbC, DsbE or DsbF were similar to those of the parental, wild-type strain. Neither DsbC expressed from a multicopy plasmid nor a second mutation in dipZ (dsbD) was able to compensate for a dsbA mutation by restoring nitrite reductase activity and cytochrome c synthesis. In contrast, only the dsbB and dipZ (dsbD) strains were defective in periplasmic nitrate reductase activity, suggesting that DsbB might fulfil an additional role in anaerobic electron transport. Mutants defective in dipZ (dsbD) were only slightly more sensitive to Cu++ ions at concentrations above 5 mM than the parental strain, but strains defective in DsbA, DsbB, DsbC, DsbE or DsbF were unaffected. These results are consistent with our earlier proposals that DsbA, DsbB and DipZ (DsbD) are part of the same pathway for ensuring that haem groups are attached to the correct pairs of cysteine residues of apocytochromes c in the E. coli periplasm. However, neither DsbE nor DsbF are essential for the reduction of DipZ (DsbD).

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00013815

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Relationship of deep structures of the hand and wrist to topographical landmarks (1993)

Cobb, Tyson K. ; Cooney, William P. ; An, Kai-Nan

New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 300-307

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ISSN: 0897-3806

Keywords: carpal canal ; carpal tunnel surgery ; carpal tunnel syndrome ; flexor retinaculum ; transverse carpal ligament ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Medicine

Notes: The relationship of topographical landmarks to the deep structures of the wrist and hand has not been clearly defined and would be of benefit to surgeons performing endoscopic carpal tunnel surgery. To this end, 10 fresh cadaveric wrist specimens had radiopaque markers placed adjacent to key anatomic structures within the wrist and hand. A new technique for localizing the hook of the hamate was established. We found that the thick segment of the flexor retinaculum, often defined as the transverse carpal ligament, was 2.2 cm in length. Its distal border was 1 cm distal to the distal aspect of the hook of the hamate. The proximal ligamentous portion had a mean length of 1.2 cm, whereas the distal aponeurotic portion (distal to the hook of the hamate) had a mean length of 1.0 cm. The position of the superficial palmar arch was 2.7 cm distal to the hook of the hamate or at a line bisecting three-fourths of the distance from the distal flexor wrist crease to the proximal palmar crease. The relationship of the superficial palmar arch to topographical landmarks was more consistent than it was when the standard reference of Kaplan's cardinal line was used. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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