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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Economics, Biology, and Naturalism: Three Problems Concerning the Question of Individuality (1997)
    Springer
    Biology and philosophy 12 (1997), S. 185-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8404
    Keywords: metaphysical problem (purposefulness) ; phenomenist problem (essentialism) ; ontological problem (reductionism) ; crude naturalism ; anti-naturalism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract The paper examines the ramifications of naturalism with regard to the question of individuality in economics and biology. Economic theory has to deal with whether households, firms, and states are individuals or are mere entities such as clubs, networks, and coalitions. Biological theory has to deal with the same question with regard to cells, organisms, family packs, and colonies. To wit, the question of individuality in both disciplines involves three separate problems: the metaphysical, phenomenist, and ontological. The metaphysical problem is concerned with purposeful action: Is the firm or organism exclusively the product of efficient causality (optimization) or is it motivated by final causality (purposefulness)? The phenomenist problem is interested in the substantiality of essences: Is the firm's or organism's scheme of institutions/traits deep or is it extraneous to identity? The ontological problem is related to the issue of reductionism: Is the behavior of lower-level organization governed by a pre-constituted entities or is it context-sensitive? The paper finds that theoretical differences run along the naturalist/anti-naturalist divide rather than along disciplinary specialization. Also, the paper finds that it is not inconsistent for the same theorist to be naturalist with regard to one problem and anti-naturalist with respect to the other two problems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006595014078
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Symbolic Products: Prestige, Pride and Identity Goods (2000)
    Springer
    Theory and decision 49 (2000), S. 53-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7187
    Keywords: Substantive products ; Symbolic products ; Substantive utility ; Symbolic utility ; Selfhood ; Prestige and Vanity ; Pride and deference ; Identity and reification ; Time-frame context of assessment ; Normal tastes ; Distorted tastes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract The paper distinguishes between two kinds of products, `symbolic' and `substantive'. While substantive products confer welfare utility in the sense of pecuniary benefits, symbolic products accord self-regarding utility. Symbolic products enter the utility function in a way which differs from substantive ones. The paper distinguishes among three kinds of symbolic products and proposes that each has a distorted form. If symbolic products result from forward-looking evaluation, they act as `prestige goods' which please admiration or, when distorted, as `vanity goods' which satiate pretentiousness. When symbolic products originate from forward-looking action, they act as `pride goods' which satisfy respect or, when distorted, as `deference goods' which indulge pomposity. When symbolic products arise from backward-looking evaluation, they act as `identity goods' which enhance dignity or, when distorted, as `reification goods' which gratify reverence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005223607947
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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