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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (4)
  • Sprint running  (2)
  • Strength training  (2)
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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (4)
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Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Post-competition blood lactate concentrations as indicators of anaerobic energy expenditure during 400-m and 800-m races (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 61 (1990), S. 172-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Sprint running ; Middle-distance running ; Blood lactate ; Performance ; Energy cost of running
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The relationships between anaerobic glycolysis and the average velocity ( $$\bar \upsilon$$ ) sustained during running were studied in 17 top level athletes (11 males and 6 females). A blood sample was obtained within 10 min of the completion of major competitions over 400 m, 800 m and 1500 m and the blood lactate concentration [1a]b was measured. In both male and female athletes [1a]b was related to the relative performance, as expressed as a percentage of the athlete's best $$\bar \upsilon$$ of the season. Over 400m, r=0.85 (P〈0.01) and r=0.80 (P〈0.05) in males and females, respectively. Over 800 m, the corresponding values were r=0.76 (P〈0.01) and r=0.91 (P〈0.01). In male runners [1a]b was correlated to $$\bar \upsilon$$ : r=0.89 (P〈0.01) and r=0.71 (P〈0.02) over 400 m and 800 m, respectively. No relationship to relative performance or $$\bar \upsilon$$ was obtained over 1500 m. Energy expenditure during competition running was estimated in male runners from the [1a]b values. This estimate was based mainly on the assumption that a 1 mmol ·l−1 increase in [1a]b corresponded to the energy produced by the utilization of 3.30 ml·Okg −1. The energy cost of running was estimated, by dividing the estimated total energy expenditure by the race distance, at 0.211 ml·kg−1·m−1 over 800 m and 0.274 ml·kg−1·m−1 over 400m. These results suggested that [1a]b values obtained after the completion of actual competitions can provide an insight into the anaerobic capacity of athletes and data from which the relative contribution of anaerobic metabolism to performance might be inferred, this being more accurate that any laboratory test.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00357594
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hormonal adaptations and modelled responses in elite weightlifters during 6 weeks of training (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 64 (1992), S. 381-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Strength training ; Systems model ; Fatigue ; Fitness ; Serum hormones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The concentrations of serum testosterone, sex-hormone-binding-globulin (SHBG) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were examined throughout 1-year of training in six elite weightlifters. A systems model, providing an estimation of fatigue and fitness, was applied to records of training volume and performance levels in clean and jerk. The analysis focused on a 6-week training period during which blood samples were taken at 2-week intervals. A 4-week period of intensive training (period I) could be distinguished from the following 2-week period of reduced training (period II). During period I, decreases in serum testosterone (P〈0.05) and increases in serum LH concentrations (P〈0.01) were observed; a significant correlation (r=0.90,P〈0.05) was also observed between the changes in serum LH concentration and in estimated fitness. The magnitude of LH response was not related to the change in serum androgens. On the other hand, the change in testosterone: SHBG ratio during period II was significantly correlated (r=0.97,P〈0.01) to the LH variations during period I. These finding suggested that the LH response indicated that the decrease in testosterone concentration was not primarily due to a dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary system control, and that the fatigue/fitness status of an athlete could have influenced the LH response to the decreased testosterone concentration. The negative effect of training on hormonal balance could have been amplified by its influence on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. A decrease in physiological stress would thus have been necessary for the completion of the effect of LH release on androgenic activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00636228
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A systems model of training responses and its relationship to hormonal responses in elite weight-lifters (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 61 (1990), S. 48-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Strength training ; Systems model ; Fatigue ; Fitness ; Serum hormonesw
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A systems model, providing an estimation of fatigue and fitness levels was applied to a 1-year training period of six elite weight-lifters. The model parameters were individually determined by fitting the predicted performance (calculated as the difference between fitness and fatigue) to the actual one. The purpose of this study was to validate the systems model by comparing the estimated levels of fatigue and fitness with biological parameters external to the model calculation. The predicted and the actual performances were significantly correlated in each subject. The calculated fitness and fatigue levels were related to serum testosterone concentration, testosterone: cortisol and testosterone: sex hormone binding globulin ratios. The best results were obtained by the comparison between fitness and testosterone levels, which varied in parallel in each subject. In two subjects this correlation was significant (r=0.91, P〈0.05, and r=0.92, P〈0.01). The fitness changes calculated in each subject between the 15th and the 51st weeks of training were significantly correlated with the changes in serum testosterone concentration measured in the same period (r=0.99, P〈0.001). For the whole group testosterone and fitness variations were also significantly intercorrelated (r=0.73, P〈0.001). Correlations, less homogeneous and less significant, were calculated also for other hormones and ratios. These results suggest that (1) the relationships between training and performance can be described by the systems model, (2) the estimated index of fitness has a physiological meaning. The fatigue index remains to be clarified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236693
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationships between postcompetition blood lactate concentration and average running velocity over 100-m and 200-m races (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 68 (1994), S. 508-513 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Sprint running ; Blood lactate ; Performance ; Energy cost of running
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The relationships between anaerobic glycolysis and average velocity (ν) sustained during sprint running were studied in 12 national level male sprinters. A blood sample was obtained within 3 min of the completion of semi-finals and finals in the 100-m and 200-m Cameroon national championships and blood lactate concentration ([la−]b) was measured. The 35-m times were video-recorded. The 100-m and 200-m [la−]b were 8.5 (SD 0.8) and 10.3 (SD 0.8) mmol·l−1, respectively. These were not correlated with the performances. Over 200 m [la−]b was correlated with the ν sustained over the last 165 m (r=0.65,P〈0.05). In the 9 athletes who participated in both the 100-m and 200-m races, the difference between the [la−]b measured at the end of the two races was negatively correlated to the difference in v sustained over the two races (r=0.76,P〉0.02). Energy expenditure during sprint running was estimated from the [la−]b values. This estimate was mainly based on the assumption that a 1 mmol·l−1 increase in [la−]b corresponds to the energy produced by the utilization of 3.30 ml O2·kg−1. The energy cost of running was estimated at 0.275 (SD 0.02) ml O2·kg−1·m−1 over 200-m and 0.433 (SD 0.03) ml O2·kg−1·m−1 over 100-m races. These results would suggest that at the velocities studied anaerobic glycolysis contributes to at least 55% of the energy expenditure related to sprint running. However, the influence of both mechanical factors and the contribution of other energy processes obscure the relationship between [la−]b and performance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00599521
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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