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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (3)
  • myocardial oxygen consumption  (3)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Keywords: myocardial oxygen consumption ; coronary occlusion ; reperfusion ; quantification ; ischemic area
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In 9 open-chest mongrel dogs 4–6 intermittent 3-min occlusions of the LAD artery were performed with time intervals of about 45 min. Using a μ-computer, the following variables, were calculated online: energy demand according to the Bretschneider equation (Et) from digitized hemodynamic data; myocardial oxygen consumption (M $$\dot V$$ O2) from fiberoptically measured coronary sinus oxygen saturation and coronary sinus blood flow. Coronary occlusion led to a decrease in M $$\dot V$$ O2 in comparison to Et. The integral of the difference between M $$\dot V$$ 2 and E1 over the entire occlusion time yielded a total O2-deficiency (DO2) of 76 (±12%) μl O2/g ischemic tissue and a correlation coefficient with the weights of the intravitally stained ischemic areas of r=0.96. Additional O2-uptake in relation to Et during the early perfusion period yielded a correlation to the size of the ischemic area of r=0.95 and an average O2-repayment (RO2) of 32 (±14%) μl O2/g ischemic tissue. The determination of total myocardial O2-deficiency during ischemic stress as well as determination of O2-repayment during the early reperfusion period could be used to estimate the extent of ischemic stressed myocardium. Subsequently, the evaluation of pharmacological effects on myocardial ischemia should be possible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Keywords: myocardial oxygen consumption ; myocardial energy demand (Et) ; left ventricular diastolic tone ; left ventricular diastolic wall tension ; left ventricular diastolic pressure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A marked increase in left ventricular diastolic pressure $$(\bar P_{LVD} )$$ relative to volume is regularly observed during angina pectoris and may contribute to further deteriorations of myocardial perfusion in the ischemic myocardium and to pulmonary congestion as well. A possible simultaneous increase in myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) due to a reversible diastolic tone during transient ischemia has not been taken into consideration in previous studies on alterations in ventricular diastolic properties. 13 closed-chest experiments were carried out in clinical catheterization technique with situations of high $$(M\dot VO_2 )$$ (18–50 mm Hg) relative to volume induced by right ventricular pacing (n=19; 172±5 beats/min) and catecholamine-induced reversible diastolic tone (n=17) in moderate hypothermia (31°C). $$\bar P_{LVD} $$ was directly measured and indirectly calculated from its hemodynamic determinants using Bretschneider's equation (Et) that does not consider ventricular diastolic pressure. In addition, an energy demand for maintenance of active diastolic wall tension (E5) was calculated from $$M\dot VO_2 $$ mean ventricular diastolic volume estimated from endsystolic and stroke volume, diastolic time and heart rate in ml O2/min·100g. During pacing tachycardia with high $$\bar P_{LVD} $$ (27.4±1.8 mm Hg) the $$\bar P_{LVD} $$ (12.49±0.50 ml O2/min·100 g) exceeds Et (10.11±0.25 ml O2/min·100 g) (p〈0.001), partly due to neglect of E5 (1.39±0.11 ml O2/min·100 g). During catecholamine-induced high $$M\dot VO_2 $$ (31.1±2.5 mm Hg) the $$\bar P_{LVD} $$ (12.29±0.83 ml O2/min·100 g) increases significantly (p〈0.001) over Et (10.43±0.81 ml O2/min ·100 g). Addition of E5 (1.76±0.14 ml O2/min·100g) to Et abolishes the differences between $$M\dot VO_2 $$ and Et yielding non-significantly different values. Results indicate by means of indirect energetic evidence the occurrence of a diastolic tone of the heart under unphysiologic conditions. Acute increases in $$\bar P_{LVD} $$ during angina pectoris are supposed to increase $$M\dot VO_2 $$ markedly due to an additional energy demand for maintenance of reversible active diastolic wall tension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Basic research in cardiology 76 (1981), S. 163-181 
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Keywords: myocardial oxygen consumption ; indirect indices ; myocardial blood flow ; contractility ; ejection time
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Indirekte Formeln zur Abschätzung des myokardialen Sauerstoffbedarfs wie Tension-Time-Index, Pressure-Rate-Product und Triple Product kommen experimentell und klinisch häufig zur Anwendung. Diese weitgehend nicht invasiven und in Bedside-Untersuchungstechnik bestimmbaren Indizes entbehren bislang einer experimentellen Validisierung an einem ausreichend großen Versuchskollektiv mit maximaler Variation der beteiligten Größen. An 10 intakten Hunden wurden alle sogenannten klinischen O2-Verbrauchs-parameter einschließlich eines modifizierten Tension-Time-Index (systolischer Mitteldruck mal Wurzel aus Herzfrequenz) in 162 Steady-states kritisch überprüft. Die Koronardurchblutung wurde mit einem Druckdifferenzkatheter im Sinus coronarius genessen. Hämodynamik- und O2-Verbrauchsvariationen (3–36 ml/min ·100 g) erfolgten durch Beta-Stimulation, Atropin, Noradrenalin, Beta-Blocker sowie Volumenbelastung und fraktionierte Entblutung. Die Korrelationen der einfachen Formeln mit dem direkt gemessenen O2-Verbrauch waren im Gesamtkollektiv nicht zufriedenstellend: TTI (r=0,63), P×HF (r=0,87), TP (r=0,65) und $$\overline P \times \sqrt {HF} $$ (r=0,80). Bessere Ergebnisse wurden bei Auftrennung der Meßdaten in zwei Teilkollektive unterschiedlichen Inotropiezustandes erzielt: Bei normaler bis leicht erhöhter Kontraktionsgeschwindigkeit gab es signifikante Korrelationsanstiege für alle Indizes: TTI (r=0,96), P×HF (r=0,91), TP (r=0,96) und $$\overline P \times \sqrt {HF} $$ (r=0,94). Diese auffallende Verbesserung muß auf die enge Proportionalbeziehung zwischen dem Druck und der maximalen Druckanstiegsgeschwindigkeit in dieser Inotropiegruppe zurückgeführt werden. Die direkte Einbeziehung der Auswurfzeit als Teildeterminante des O2-Verbrauchs erklärt die besseren Korrelationen beim Tension-Time-Index und beim Triple Product. Unter stark positiver Inotropiestimulation mit ausgeprägter Erhöhung der Kontraktionsgeschwindigkeit verlieren TTI (r=0,40) und TP (r=0,38) ihre Zuordnung zum O2-Verbrauch vollständig, während sie bei P×HF (r=0,81) und $$\overline P \times \sqrt {HF} $$ (r=0,76) erhalten bleibt. Hauptursache ist die Nichtberücksichtigung der nur invasiv erhältlichen Inotropiemeßgröße dP/dtmax, die zu der Auswurfzeit in einer inversen Beziehung steht und die die Höhe des tatsächlichen O2-Verbrauchs unter diesen Bedingungen weitgehend bestimmt. Zusammenfassend kann festgestellt werden, daß sogenannte nichtinvasive einfache Formeln ohne Kenntnis des Inotropiezustandes keine zuverlässigen Indizes des myokardialen O2-Verbrauchs sind. Kontraktilität, Herzvolumina sowie die große Variabilität des Verhältnisses von Entwicklungsgeschwindigkeit zu Erhaltung der systolischen Wandspannung werden nicht ausreichend berücksichtigt. Vorsicht und kritische Zurückhaltung sind daher bei Anwendung solcher Formeln und insbesondere bei der Interpretation damit gewonnener Ergebnisse geboten.
    Notes: Summary Myocardial oxygen consumption indices that are frequently applied to man such as tension-time index (TTI), pressure-rate product (P·HR) and triple product (TP) have not been fully validated so far. These easily obtainable indices and a modified TTI $$(\overline P \cdot \sqrt {HR} )$$ , therefore, were examined in 10 closed-chest dogs with very broad variations of hemodynamics and oxygen consumption (3–36 ml/min·100 g) analyzing 162 steady states. Myocardial blood flow was directly measured by a differential pressure coronary sinus catheter. $$M\dot VO_2 $$ was varied by administration of catecholamines and other inotropic drugs, atropine, beta-blocking agents and hypo- and hypervolemia. Over a wide range of hemodynamic states, correlations with directly measured $$M\dot VO_2 $$ of TTI (r=0.63), P·HR (r=0.87), TP (r=0.65) and $$\overline P \cdot \sqrt {HR} $$ (r=0.80) are not satisfactory due to neglect of contractility and cardiac volumes by these terms. Better correlations are obtained when relating these indices to $$M\dot VO_2 $$ under different inotropic states. At normal and moderately increased contractility, correlations with $$M\dot VO_2 $$ rose as follows: TTI (r=0.96), P·HR (r=0.91), TP (r=0.96) and $$\overline P \cdot \sqrt {HR} $$ (r=0.94). Significant rises in correlation are due to the close relationship between peak pressure and dP/dtmax at only moderately increased contraction velocity. Correlation differences within this inotropic range must be related to incorporation or neglect of ejection time as a partial determinant of $$M\dot VO_2 $$ . At markedly increased contractility, results for these indices, however, are in part very poor: TTI (r=0.40), P·HR (r=0.81), TP (r=0.38) and $$\overline P \cdot \sqrt {HR} $$ (r=0.76). Within this inotropic state neglect of dP/dtmax as a major determinant of $$M\dot VO_2 $$ and the inverse relationship between ejection time and dP/dtmax mainly account for these correlation shifts. It is concluded that non-invasively obtainable indices, currently in use, are no reliable predictors of actual overall $$M\dot VO_2 $$ of the left ventricle if the contractile state of the myocardium is not checked invasively before. The broad variability of the relation of the energy demand of velocity of tension development to maintenance of systolic wall tension is not sufficiently considered by these terms. Appropriate caution, therefore, is necessary when applying those indirect indices of $$M\dot VO_2 $$ to humans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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