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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A laser microprobe mass analysis of trace elements in brain mineralizations and capillaries in Fahr’s disease (1996)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 92 (1996), S. 351-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Aluminum ; Fahr’s disease ; Laser ; microprobe mass analysis ; Mineralizations ; Trace ; elements
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a detailed analysis of the content of aluminum, iron, zinc, copper, calcium, and magnesium in the non-vascular and pericapillary mineralizations and the normal capillaries of the globus pallidus and dentate nucleus of the cerebellum in two patients with clinically and neuropathologically confirmed Fahr’s disease. The study employed laser microprobe mass analysis, a technique that enables highly sensitive detection of the levels of trace elements. In the globus pallidus, there was a significant increase in aluminum-, iron-, zinc-, and calcium-related peak intensity in the pericapillary and non-vascular mineralizations compared to the normal capillaries. The pericapillary and non-vascular mineralizations had comparable concentrations of these elements. No difference was found in copper levels between the different probe sites. Magnesium was almost absent in pericapillary mineralizations and normal capillaries, while it accumulated within non-vascular mineralizations. In the cerebellar dentate nucleus, non-vascular mineralizations displayed higher concentrations of all of these elements than normal capillaries, while pericapillary mineralizations had a higher aluminum and lower iron, copper, and calcium content than did non-vascular mineralizations. Zinc and magnesium were selectively deposited within the non-vascular mineralizations in this nucleus. Furthermore, the element composition of non-vascular mineralizations differed between the globus pallidus and dentate nucleus. These findings indicate that the formation of pericapillary and non-vascular mineralizations may be two independent phenomena which coexist in the course of Fahr’s disease. The marked qualitative and quantitative differences in trace element content in non-vascular mineralizations between the globus pallidus and cerebellar dentate nucleus suggest that the involvement of trace elements in the pathogenesis of Fahr’s disease is probably indirect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050529
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative immunohistochemical analysis of the distribution of neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques in the cerebral cortex of nonagenarians and centenarians (1993)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 85 (1993), S. 602-610 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Senile plaques ; Neurofibrillary tangles ; Centenarians ; Immunohistochemistry ; Quantitative neuropathology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To investigate the neuropathological differences between normal aging and senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT) in very old people and to see how they compare with a younger population of demented elderly people, we performed an immunohistochemical quantitative analysis of the topography of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in a series of 31 elderly patients aged from 96 to 102 years. According to the medical records, two groups were considered: 7 patients presenting with clinically documented SDAT and 24 patients with no or very mild cognitive impairment. The densities of senile plaques were comparable in both groups. Extensive neurofibrillary tangle formation was restricted to the CA1 hippocampal field of demented subjects, whereas the superior frontal cortex showed rare neurofibrillary tangles, independently of the clinical diagnosis. These results indicate an absence of direct correlation between the number of senile plaques and the clinical manifestation of SDAT. Furthermore, they suggest that the dementing process may involve different cortical structures in nonagenarians and centenarians than in younger demented individuals where a widespread cortical involvement is generally observed. Thus, the neurofibrillary tangle density in the CA1 field may be critical for the neuropathological diagnosis of SDAT in this particular group of very old patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00334669
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dementia lacking distinctive histopathology: clinicopathological evaluation of 32 cases (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 89 (1995), S. 346-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Frontal lobe ; Dementia ; Cerebral cortex ; Clinicopathological correlations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report the neuropathological findings in 32 patients, aged 46–86 years, with dementia lacking distinctive histopathology. All of the patients were classified clinically as having Pick's or atypical Pick's disease, but the routine neuropathological evaluation showed no specific histopathological changes such as Pick bodies, senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles or Lewy bodies. In 50% of the cases the first symptoms appeared before 65 year s of age. However, there were 9 patients with onset in the eighth decade. Positive family history was found only in 6 presenile cases. The retrospective evaluation of the clinical records revealed the consistent presence of "frontal" symptomatology, including loss of personal awareness, inappropriate euphoria and stereotyped behavior. Speech disorders were observed in 80% of the cases, whereas temporospatial disorientation and memory impairment were less frequent. Praxis and gnosis were strikingly preserved in most of the cases. The macroscopic neuropathological examination revealed frontal or temporopolar atrophy in 97% of the cases, while the hippocampus and subcortical structures were relatively spared in the majority of the cases. Histologically, four groups were recognized. Group A showed moderate to severe neuron loss and gliosis in the frontal and/or temporopolar cortex without subcortical involvement. In group B, the neocortical cell loss was widespread, and the striatum and substantia nigra displayed differential degrees of gliosis but no neuron loss. Group C patients showed a lesion distribution comparable to that observed in group B but with severe neuron loss in at least one subcortical region. Four cases formed group D, which was characterized by the preservation of the pyramidal neurons in the neocortex and variable subcortical changes. Despite these differences in the topography of pathological changes, all of the cases shared a similar clinical profile. These findings further demonstrate the epi demiological and neuropathological heterogeneity of dementia lacking distinctive histopathology. Furthermore, they suggest that the same clinical manifestations may correspond to several distinct pathological processes in this condition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00309628
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dementia lacking distinctive histopathology: clinicopathological evaluation of 32 cases (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 89 (1995), S. 346-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Frontal lobe ; Dementia ; Cerebral cortex ; Clinicopathological correlations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report the neuropathological findings in 32 patients, aged 46–86 years, with demential lacking distinctive histopathology. All of the patients were classified clinically as having Pick's or atypical Pick's disease, but the routine neuropathological evaluation showed no specific histopathological changes such as Pick bodies, senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles or Lewy bodies. In 50% of the cases the first symptoms appeared before 65 years of age. However, there were 9 patients with onset in the eighth decade. Positive family history was found only in 6 presenile cases. The retrospective evaluation of the clinical records revealed the consistent presence of “frontal” symptomatology, including loss of personal awareness, inappropriate euphoria and stereotyped behavior. Speech disorders were observed in 80% of the cases, whereas temporospatial disorientation and memory impairment were less frequent. Praxis and gnosis were strikingly preserved in most of the cases. The macroscopic neuropathological examination revealed frontal or temporopolar atrophy in 97% of the cases, while the hippocampus and subcortical structures were relatively spared in the majority of the cases. Histologically, four groups were recognized. Group A showed moderate to severe neuron loss and gliosis in the frontal and/or temporopolar cortex without subcortical involvement. In group B, the neocortical cell loss was widespread, and the striatum and substantia nigra displayed differential degrees of gliosis but no neuron loss. Group C patients showed a lesion distribution comparable to that observed in group B but with severe neuron loss in at least one subcortical region. Four cases formed group D, which was characterized by the preservation of the pyramidal neurons in the neocortex and variable subcortical changes. Despite these differences in the topography of pathological changes, all of the cases shared a similar clinical profile. These findings further demonstrate the epidemiological and neuropathological heterogeneity of dementia lacking distinctive histopathology. Furthermore, they suggest that the same clinical manifestations may correspond to several distinct pathological processes in this condition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00309628
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neural substrates of spatial and temporal disorientation in Alzheimer’s disease (2000)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 100 (2000), S. 189-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Cortical connections ; Neurofibrillary tangles ; Neuropathology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To examine the neuroanatomical correlates of spatial and temporal disorientation in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), we performed an anterograde clinicopathological study of 29 patients with clinically and neuropathologically confirmed AD. Spatial and temporal disorientation was assessed using the locational orientation subtests of the Mini Mental State Examination and the Benton’s test for temporal orientation. Quantitative analysis of neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques were performed in the CA1 field of the hippocampus, layers II and V of the entorhinal cortex, and layers II–III and V–VI of areas 9, 7, 39, 19, 37, 20 and 23 in the right hemisphere. Forward stepwise logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between lesion densities and the presence of either spatial or temporal disorientation; severity scores and brain weight were included as covariants. A statistically significant relationship was found between neurofibrillary tangle densities in Brodmann’s areas 7, 23 and the CA1 field of hippocampus and both spatial and temporal disorientation. Senile plaque counts did not correlate with any of the neuropsychological parameters. Both temporal and spatial disorientation in AD are related to the degeneration of the same pathways linking the hippocampus with the superior parietal and posterior cingulate cortex in the right hemisphere. These observations are discussed with respect to the notion of global corticocortical disconnection in AD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004019900166
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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