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  • Electronic Resource  (12)
  • 1995-1999
  • 1980-1984  (12)
  • 1982  (12)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 378 (1982), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 60 (1982), S. 761-766 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Hyperlipoproteinaemia ; Renal insufficiency ; Haemodialysis ; Renal transplantation ; Nephrotic syndrome ; Clofibrate ; Fat infusion ; Hyperlipoproteinämie ; Niereninsuffizienz ; Hämodialyse ; Nierentransplantation ; Nephrotisches Syndrom ; Clofibrat ; Fettinfusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Nach wie vor ist strittig, ob die Hyperlipoproteinämie bei Patienten mit chronischer Niereninsuffizienz, chronischen Dauerdialysepatienten oder bei Patienten nach erfolgreicher Nierentransplantation einer spezifischen Therapie bedarf. Die meist verminderte HDL-Cholesterinfraktion spricht für ein erhöhtes kardiovaskuläres Risiko. Als nichtmedikamentöse Behandlung empfiehlt sich körperliches Training und eine kohlenhydratreduzierte Diät. Bei ungenügendem Ansprechen ist ein Behandlungsversuch mit Clofibrat oder Bezafibrat möglich. Die Dosen sollten bei einer glomerulären Filtrationsrate unter 20 ml/min auf 1,0–1,5 g/Woche (Clofibrat) bzw. 400–500 mg/Woche (Bezafibrat) unter CPK-Kontrolle reduziert werden. Günstige Effekte auf die Hyperlipoproteinämie sind bei Dialysepatienten ferner nach Carnitingabe mitgeteilt. Eine spezifische Therapie der Hypercholesterinämie und Hypertriglyzeridämie bei nephrotischem Syndrom wird von der Mehrzahl der Untersucher für nicht erforderlich gehalten, da diese Fettstoffwechselstörungen häufig mit einer Erhöhung des HDL-Cholesterins verbunden ist. Mit Remission des nephrotischen Syndroms wird eine Besserung der Hyperlipoproteinämie beobachtet. Bei der parenteralen Ernährung von Patienten mit akuter Niereninsuffizienz wird die Infusion von Fettlösungen in wöchentlichen Intervallen bejaht, um einen Mangel an essentiellen Fettsäuren, der durch die tägliche Dialysebenhandlung verstärkt wird, zu vermeiden.
    Notes: Summary There is current debate as to whether or not the hyperlipidaemia seen in patients (1) with chronic renal insufficiency, (2) on regular dialysis treatment and (3) after successful renal transplantation should be specifically treated. The reduced HDL cholesterol fraction suggests that the risk of cardiovascular complications may be increased. Therapeutic possibilities include increased physical exercise and a reduction of carbohydrate intake. If these measures fail, then treatment with clofibrate or bezafibrate should be considered. The recommended dosage of clofibrate is 1.0–1.5 g/week (with CPK-control), and of bezafibrate is 400–500 mg/week in patients with chronic renal insufficiency (creatinin-clearance below 20 ml/min). In patients on regular dialysis treatment plasma lipids are reduced by adding carnitine. Most investigators believe that a specific therapy of the hypercholesterolaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia of patients with nephrotic syndrome is not necessary since the disturbances in fat metabolism are associated with an increased levels of HDL-cholesterol. With remission of the nephrotic syndrome an improvement of the hyperlipoproteinaemia is observed. If patients with acute renal failure are under parenteral nutrition fat infusion is recommended once per week to avoid a deficiency of essential fatty acids which is augmented by daily dialysis therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 60 (1982), S. 327-336 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Hyperlipoproteinaemia ; Renal insufficiency ; Haemodialysis ; Renal transplantation ; Nephrotic syndrome ; Glucagon resistance ; Carnitine ; Hyperlipoproteinämie ; Niereninsuffizienz ; Hämodialyse ; Nierentransplantation ; Nephrotisches Syndrom ; Glukagonresistenz ; Carnitin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei Patienten mit chronischer Niereninsuffizienz, bei Hämodialysepatienten und nach erfolgreicher Nierentransplantation findet sich häufig eine Hypertriglyzeridämie, wobei die Plasmacholesterinwerte erst nach Nierentransplantation erhöht sind. HDL-Cholesterin ist bei allen drei Patientengruppen erniedrigt. Bei diesen drei Patientengruppen wird eine Hyperlipoproteinämie Typ IV am häufigsten gefunden, nach Nierentransplantation kommt es zu einer relativen Zunahme von Hyperlipoproteinämie Typ II. Als Ursachen der Fettstoffwechselstörung werden bei Niereninsuffizienz und Dialysepatienten eine Glukagonresistenz, ferner ein Mangel an Carnitin diskutiert. Calcium und Vitamin D beeinflussen den Fettstoffwechsel des Urämikers ebenso wie Betarezeptorenblocker oder Diuretika. Corticosteroide sollen Mitursache der Hypercholesterinämie und Hypertriglyzeridämie nach Nierentransplantation sein. Die Aktivität der PHLP-Lipase ist bei Niereninsuffizienz, Dialysepatienten und nach Nierentransplantation vermindert. Beim nephrotischen Syndrom ist bei Vorliegen einer Hypercholesterinämie die HDL-Cholesterinfraktion erhöht und so das Risiko, an kardiovaskulären Komplikationen zu erkranken, offensichtlich geringer.
    Notes: Summary Hypertriglyceridaemia is often observed in patients (1) with chronic renal insufficiency, (2) on haemodialysis and (3) after successful renal transplantation. HDL cholesterol is reduced in all three groups of patients and plasma cholesterol is elevated after renal transplantation. In these three patient groups type IV hyperlipoproteinaemia is found most frequently and after renal transplantation there is a relative increase in the incidence of type II hyperlipoproteinaemia. The role of glucagon resistance and carnitine deficiency in the alteration of fat metabolism seen in patients with chronic renal failure and patients on haemodialysis is discussed. Other factors which may influence fat metabolism in uraemia include calcium and vitamine D status as well as beta adrenergic receptor blocking agents and diuretics. Steroid therapy may be one cause of the hypercholesterolaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia seen after renal transplantation. PHLP lipase activity is reduced in all three groups of patients. In nephrotic syndrome, if hypercholesterolaemia occurs, the HDL cholesterol fraction is increased and thus the cardiovascular risk may be lower than in the three patient groups mentioned above.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 11 (1982), S. 475-485 
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Diets containing the herbicide dinoseb (2-sec- butyl 4,6-dinitrophenol) were fed to adult male Sherman rats for 11 weeks. One-half the survivors were killed for terminal studies during the eleventh week and the remainder bred to untreated females during posttreatment, and then killed for terminal studies. Interim sacrifices were made in groups fed 0 and 300 ppm. In rats fed 300 ppm, differential classification of spermatozoa from the cauda epididymidis indicated 90% of the cells were atypical by 20 days of treatment. By 30 days, bizarre and amorphous forms were observed and epididymal sperm counts were decreased. Histologic changes in the testes included abnormal spermatozoa and spermatids and multinucleated spermatogenic cells at 20 and 30 days and severe damage to spermatogenic cells by 50 days. Dietary levels of 225 and 300 ppm produced marked oligospermia and extensive loss of spermatogenic cells in rats fed dinoseb for 11 weeks. Evidence of necrotic spermatogenic cells was seen in some tubules, and in many tubules, only Sertoli cells remained. Reproductive failure occurred at 225 and 300 ppm, although mating behavior and libido were unaffected. There was little or no remission of these effects during the 16-week post-treatment period. Decreased epididymal sperm counts, atypical epididymal spermatozoa, and minimal testicular changes were seen in rats fed 150 ppm, but reproduction was unaffected and the anomalies were reversible. No effects were detected in animals fed 75 ppm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 147 (1982), S. 423-432 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. When current is passed between a surface electrode on the lyriform organ of the spider and a reference electrode in the hemolymph, the spike rates of the slit-sensillum sensory cells are modulated. Outward current (surface electrode negative) excites and inward current abolishes spontaneous activity (Fig. 2). This electrical response is the opposite of that reported in other arthropod mechano- and chemoreceptors. It is, however, compatible with a distal site of the spike-initiating region, possibly near the dendrite tip. Such an arrangement in the spider parallels the finding of Rick et al. (1976) that the lymph space surrounding the apical dendrite appears (unlike the situation in the insects examined) to have a high concentration of Na+. 2. Spikes recorded at the surface of this mechanoreceptor during compression of the slit do not differ appreciably in shape from those elicited by outward current (Fig. 3). Both have a negative leading edge; again, the polarity is the opposite of that measured in most insect epithelial-receptor spikes. 3. Responses to electrical and mechanical stimuli can be superimposed (Fig. 4), so that electrical stimuli can be used in behavioral experiments to modulate the response to mechanical input. 4. The spike rate elicited by maintained steps of outward current does not decline (Fig. 5). Hence the rapid adaptation to mechanical stimuli is not a property of the spike-initiating process that is driven by imposed current. On the other hand, responses to electrical test stimuli do sample some slowly recovering aftereffect of a period of adaptation to a mechanical stimulus (Fig. 6). 5. Although the distributions of capacitance and resistance near these sensilla are unknown, we discuss trial explanations of the negative spikes measured, by qualitative comparison with the volume conductor analyses of Lorente de Nó.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The wandering spider Cupiennius salei Keys uses idiothetic orientation, i.e., memorized information about its own previous movements, to retrieve lost prey. Spiders, having been chased away from a prey fly, return to the capture site (the goal) over a distance of more than 75 cm even though all external orientation cues were precluded. This behavior and its sensory basis were examined by varying the proprioceptive and ‘motor command’ inputs to the memory and by ablating particular lyriform slit sense organs on the legs of the spider. The success rate of returns to the goal after rectilinear chases over 6 discrete distances ranging from 20 cm to〉41 cm declines with increasing distances. At distances〉41 cm, more than 50% of the performances of intact spiders are nevertheless ‘successful’, in that the animals approach the capture site as close as 5 cm (or less). Animals that have been operated on (lyriform organs on all femora destroyed) are much less successful even at short distances. The mean starting angles of the returns by intact spiders and by those operated on do not differ signficantly. ‘Walking error e n’ for each segment of the entire return path shows that intact animals deviate little from the ideal return route and correctly estimate the distance to the goal. The operated spiders tend to drift off the ideal return route, while their distance estimates remain largely accurate. Returns after curvilinear chases through a semicircular corridor do not retrace the curved path; instead the spiders take a shortcut. Of all performances by intact and by control spiders (with sham operations) 85% are successful. By contrast, most of the 8 groups with sensory ablations have a success rate of less than 50%. Compensation for the semicircular detours is not quite complete: the mean starting directions of returns are biased, pointing to the corridor, and the shape of many return paths reflects the curved corridor shape. Spiders with unilateral ablations of their femoral lyriform organs show low success rates only if the operated legs are on the inner curve perimeter during the chase, while their return parameters resemble those of the intact group in the reverse situation (operated legs on outer perimeter). These side-specific ablation effects, which are correlated with the geometrical situation existing while idiothetic information is gathered and memorized, suggest that the idiothetic memory depends at least partly on input from proprioceptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 188 (1982), S. 128-134 
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary An in vitro polypeptide synthesis system was set up for three methanogenic bacteria, Methanococcus vannielii, Methanobacterium formicicum and Methanosarcina barkeri, and the effect of classical 70S and 80S protein synthesis inhibitors studied. The following results were obtained: (i) The activity of ribosomes from all three methanogens was unaffected by a number of 70S inhibitors such as tetracycline, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, tiamulin and, probably, erythromycin as well; (ii) However, the ribosomes were sensitive to thiostrepton, virginiamycin and, to varying degrees, to those aminoglycosides containing a 2-deoxystreptamine moiety. Among the aminoglycosides examined, streptomycin induced no translational misreading. The compounds containing 2-deoxystreptamine stimulated misreading, albeit only at high concentrations (neomycin being an exception); (iii) Ribosomes from all three organisms were insensitive to the 80S inhibitors cycloheximide and ricin, but those from Methanobacterium formicicum were highly sensitive to anisomycin and moderately sensitive to verrucarin. The results support those of in vivo studies and provide conclusive evidence that archaebacterial ribosomes despite being 70S ribosomes lack binding sites for many classical eubacterial ribosome inhibitors. At the same time they possess sites for others, as well as for some inhibitors of 80S ribosomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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