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  • Electronic Resource  (15)
  • 1995-1999  (15)
  • 1975-1979
  • 1996  (15)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    First results from the high brightness x-ray spectroscopy beamline 9.3.1 at ALS : The 9th National conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 3374-3374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Beamline 9.3.1 at the Advanced Light Source (ALS) is a windowless beamline, covering the 1–6 keV photon energy range. This beamline is designed to achieve the goal of high brightness at the sample for use in the x-ray atomic and molecular spectroscopy (XAMS) science, surface and interface science, biology and x-ray optical development programs at ALS. X-ray absorption and time-of-flight photoemission measurements in 2–5 keV photon energy range along with the flux, resolution, spot size and stability of the beamline will be discussed. Prospects for future XAMS measurements will also be presented. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147482
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diamond-anvil uniaxial stress cell (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 489-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A diamond-anvil cell, normally used for generating high hydrostatic pressure, serves as an excellent uniaxial stress cell. We demonstrate this by using a standard cell to apply up to 6 kbar uniaxial stress, nearly twice the stress previously reported in the literature, to semiconductor laser diodes. Contacting to the laser devices between the diamond anvils is shown to be feasible for various laser structures and orientations. The experimental apparatus to apply force to the diamond anvils is described. Examples are given showing the application of uniaxial stress, in both the (001) and (110) crystallographic directions, to oxide-defined broad area stripe laser and ridge wave guide laser devices. The results suggest that a diamond anvil cell specifically designed for the low forces required for uniaxial stress generation would be a valuable instrument. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146626
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A high sensitivity time-resolved microfluorimeter for real-time cell biology (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 3716-3721 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We describe an instrument based on the novel combination of synchrotron radiation, a high sensitivity time-resolved microfluorimeter, and a multiframe single photon counting data acquisition system. This instrument has been designed specifically to measure kinetic events in live cells using fluorescence resonance energy transfer, and is capable of rapidly collecting multiple consecutive decay profiles from a small number of fluorophores. The low irradiance on the samples (〈10 mW/cm2) greatly reduces probe photobleaching and specimen photodamage during prolonged exposures. The Daresbury Synchrotron Radiation Source provides fully wavelength tunable light pulses that have a full width half-maximum of 160 ps at a repetition rate of 3.125 MHz, with the high temporal stability required for continuous measurements over periods of hours. A very low limit of detection (〈104 molecules/mW/cm2) is accomplished by combining a high-gain single photon counting detection system with a low fluorescence background optical layout. The latter is achieved by the inclusion of collimating optics, a reflecting objective, and a specially designed beam stop situated in the epi-fluorescence light-path. A typical irradiance of 8 mW/cm2 on a sample of ∼105 fluorescein molecules gives, in under 20 s, a fluorescence decay profile with a peak height of 104 counts, over 400 channels, and a signal to background ratio better than 40. The data acquisition system has been developed to have a real-time time-resolved fluorescence collection capability (denoted as TR2) so that fluorescence lifetime data can be continually collected throughout a changing process. To illustrate the potential of this instrument, we present the results of a TR2 experiment in which lifetime measurements of fluorescence resonance energy transfer are used to monitor the degree of clustering of epidermal growth factor receptors during endocytosis, over a period of about 1 h, with a 5 s resolution. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147138
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Equilibrium tunneling between two-dimensional and quasi-one-dimensional electron gases in devices fabricated by in situ focused ion beam lithography (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 826-828 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Equilibrium resonant tunneling between an array of quasi-one-dimensional wires and two-dimensional electron gas has been studied as a function of the Fermi energy of the tunneling electrons, which was varied by the bias voltage applied to an in-built back gate. The equilibrium resonant tunneling differential conductance, measured in the double quantum well system, reflects both the electron density and wave functions of the one-dimensional electron gas. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.116546
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compressibility studies of double electron and double hole gas systems (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 3323-3325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Double layer structures have been used to measure the compressibility of both two-dimensional electron (2DEG) and two-dimensional hole gases (2DHG). This has been achieved by making independent contacts to the lower layer and using it to detect the compressibility of the upper layer. Both positive and negative compressibilities are observed, with the negative compressibility enhanced for hole gases, where the changes of the interaction energy are larger than those of the kinetic energy. The negative compressibility of the top layer leads to a charge transfer between the layers; this has been modelled and gives good agreement with the experiments when exchange and correlation is included. Due to disorder in the layers, however, the model deviates from the experimental results close to depletion. The dependence of the charge transfer upon distance between the electron gases has also been studied, with the charge transfer decreasing linearly with increasing spacing between the 2DEGs. This suggests that inter-layer interactions are insignificant. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.116045
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variation of surface morphology with substrate temperature for molecular beam epitaxially grown GaSb(100) on GaAs(100) (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 1468-1470 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) several layers of GaSb were grown on GaAs at substrate temperatures of 400, 475, and 550 °C, and the surface morphology was studied with an in situ ultra high vacuum scanning tunneling microscope (STM). We have observed spiral mound growth of different morphology originating from surface dislocations for the samples grown at 400 and 475 °C, however at 550 °C there is no spiral mound growth and neighboring dislocations are joined by a single step. The surfaces have different rms surface roughness and dislocation density which has important consequences with regard to heterointerface quality. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.116910
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RECRUITMENT AND THE LOCAL DYNAMICS OF OPEN MARINE POPULATIONS (1996)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 27 (1996), S. 477-500 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4162
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The majority of marine populations are demographically open; their replenishment is largely or exclusively dependent on a supply of juveniles from the plankton. In spite of much recent research, no consensus has yet been reached regarding the importance of recruitment relative to other demographic processes in determining local population densities. We argue 1. that demographic theory suggests that, except under restrictive and unlikely conditions, recruitment must influence local population density to some extent. Therefore, 2. the question as to whether the size of a particular population is limited by recruitment is misguided. Finally, 3. the effect of recruitment on population size can be difficult to detect but is nonetheless real. A major weakness of most existing studies is a lack of attention to the survival of recruits over appropriate scales of time and space. Acknowledgment of the multifactorial determination of population density should guide the design of future experimental studies of the demography of open populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.27.1.477
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The airways and anaesthesia II (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 51 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We pointed out in the first of these two articles [1] that the commonest cause of an anaesthetic disaster in young healthy patients is a loss of airway patency then a failure to intubate occurring unexpectedly in the absence of head or neck pathology. Upper airway obstruction is a very common complication of general anaesthesia and all anaesthetists must be trained in the management of this problem. Less obvious are the changes that can occur in the lower airways which can impair gas exchange by increasing ventilalion-perfusion mismatch. This article is concerned with these pathophysiological changes that occur during general anaesthesia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1996.tb14963.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fulford, M.; Tomber, R.: Excavations at Sabratha 1948–1951 : London, Society for Libyan Studies, 1994 (1996)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @classical review 46 (1996), S. 334-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-840X
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Classical Studies
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cr/46.2.334
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevalent vertebral deformities: Relationship to bone mineral density and spinal osteophytosis in elderly men and women (1996)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 6 (1996), S. 233-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Osteoporosis ; Vertebral ; Fractures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aims of this study were to ascertain vertebral deformity prevalence in elderly men and women and to describe the association between bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine and femoral neck, severity of spinal degenerative disease and vertebral deformity prevalence. We performed standardized spinal radiographs in a random sample of 300 elderly men and women participating in the Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study, a population-based study of fracture risk factors. Radiographs were read independently by masked observers for the prevalence of vertebral deformity and severity of osteophytosis. BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The prevalence of vertebral deformities was critically dependent on the criterion used. The less strict criteria seemed to overestimate deformities at either end of the spine region analysed. However, irrespective of the criterion used, prevalence of deformity was higher in men than in women (25% vs 20% for the 3 SD criterion, 17% vs 12% for the 4 SD criterion and 27% vs 25% for the 25% criterion). Femoral neck BMD was more strongly associated with vertebral deformities than spinal BMD for the 25% criterion (OR/SD change in BMD 1.39 (p=0.02) vs 1.20 (p=0.19)), 3 SD criterion (OR/SD change in BMD 1.45 (p=0.01) vs 1.10 (p=0.34)) and 4 SD criterion (OR/SD change in BMD 1.98 (p=0.0002) vs 1.68 (p=0.008)). BMD was also more strongly associated with biconcave deformities than either wedge or crush deformities and more so in men than in women. Severity of spinal osteophytosis was not associated with vertebral deformity. In conclusion, femoral neck BMD is at least equivalent to the lumbar spine BMD in strength of association with prevalent vertebral fractures. Spinal osteophytosis falsely elevates BMD without a concomitant decrease in fracture risk, indicating that any interpretation of spinal BMD needs to be adjusted for osteophytosis. These findings support the use of femoral neck bone densitometry in older men and women. Moreover, these data indicate that current criteria for radiological assessment of vertebral deformity are sufficiently loose to include a substantial proportion of non-fractures in the elderly, with important implications for the design of clinical trials. However, irrespective of the criterion used, vertebral deformities in men are at least as common, if not more so, than in women, suggesting that vertebral osteoporotic fractures are overlooked in men.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01622740
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