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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Summer/winter differences in the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and parathyroid hormone levels of Japanese women (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 44 (2000), S. 186-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Keywords: Keywords Correlation ; Female ; 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) ; PTH ; Seasonal difference
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract  Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] is produced in the skin in response to exposure to ultraviolet radiation, and is a good indicator of vitamin D nutritional status. The aim of this study was to determine summer/winter differences in serum 25(OH)D3 and parathyroid hormone (PTH) in Japanese women and how the summer and winter values are related. The subjects were 122 healthy Japanese women aged 45–81 years (average age: 65.7 years). They were medically examined twice, in September 1997 and February 1999. Serum 25(OH)D3 and intact PTH were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and a two-site immunoradiometric assay respectively. Lifestyle information was obtained through an interview. The seasonal differences (winter minus summer) in 25(OH)D3 [Δ25(OH)D3] and intact PTH concentrations were –18.8 nmol/l (SD 19.2, P〈0.0001) and 0.98pmol/l (SD 1.02, P〈0.0001) respectively. The correlation coefficient between summer (x) and winter (y) 25(OH)D3 levels was 0.462 (P〈0.0001), with a linearly fitted line of y=0.42x+26.4. This relationship was interpreted as subjects with higher summer 25(OH)D3 values having greater reductions in winter 25(OH)D3 concentrations. There were inter-individual differences in Δ25(OH)D3, although the summer and winter 25(OH)D3 concentrations were well-correlated. Since Δ25(OH)D3 was not associated with any of the lifestyle factors, seasonal differences in the 25(OH)D3 concentrations of an individual appeared to reflect her ability to produce 25(OH)D3 photochemically in the skin. Sun bathing would be a less effective means of attaining adequate vitamin D nutritional status in a person with a small seasonal difference in 25(OH)D3, i.e., one with a low 25(OH)D3 level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004840000067
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laparoscopically assisted distal gastrectomy for early gastric cancer (2000)
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 14 (2000), S. 27-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Key words: Early gastric cancer — Gastrectomy — Laparoscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: The purpose of this study was to compare clinical outcomes between laparoscopically assisted and open distal gastrectomy for early gastric cancer. Methods: The records of 21 patients who underwent laparoscopically assisted distal gastrectomy (LG) for preoperative diagnosis of intramucosal gastric carcinoma between January 1996 and August 1998 were reviewed and compared with those of 31 open distal gastrectomy patients during the same period. Results: Age, gender, and size and histologic differentiation of the lesions were matched. Those located at the body of the stomach (p= 0.011) and those macroscopically depressed (p= 0.049) were subjected more frequently to open surgery. Laparoscopically assisted gastrectomy required significantly longer operative time (p 〈 0.001) with less extensive lymph node dissection (p 〈 0.001). However, time to start of walking (p= 0.032), time to flatus (p= 0.002), duration of postoperative fever (p= 0.027), and postoperative hospital stay (p= 0.001) were significantly shorter in the LG group, and this group had a lower white blood cell count on the first postoperative day (p= 0.010). Blood loss and time to oral intake were comparable between the groups. Complications included one conversion to open surgery, one leakage, and one stenosis in the LG group, and two leakages and an atelectasis in the OG group. Conclusions: Although LG requires longer surgical time, this retrospective study suggests that it is superior to open surgery in terms of faster postoperative recoveries, shorter hospital stays, and cosmetic outcomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004649900005
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New instrumentation for video-assisted anterior spine release (2000)
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 14 (2000), S. 682 -684 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Key words: Anterior spine release — Harmonic scalpel — Orthopedics — Rib resector and dissector — Spine — Thoracoscopic surgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Endoscopic surgery in the area of orthopedics has been evolving, particularly in spine surgery. We describe the clinical outcome of thoracoscopic anterior spine release using new instruments. A harmonic scalpel (HS) with a 5-mm hook dissector was used to dissect the spine and rib and to coagulate and transect the vascular bundles. A rib dissector and resector were used for excision of the rib to be implanted in the disk spaces. We treated scoliosis in four patients (three male, one female) with a mean age of 19.5 ± 4.5 years and thoracolumbar kyphosis in a 16-year-old male patient. A mean number of 6.5 ± 2.5 vertebrae with scoliosis and four vertebrae with kyphosis were released. In all cases, division of the vascular bundle and exposure of the spine were completed using only the HS, and excision of a rib segment was performed via a port incision using only the rib dissector and resector. The mean duration of thoracoscopic anterior release was 92 ± 28 min. Blood loss was minimal during and after surgery. Thoracoscopic anterior spine release can be facilitated by the new instruments described above.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004640020077
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of fluorine impurity on the oxidation of silicon oxynitride ceramics doped with gadolinium oxide (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 35 (2000), S. 5725-5729 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Impurities in raw Si3N4 powders remain in intergranular glassy phases in Si3N4 and Si2N2O ceramics and degrade their high-temperature properties. Fluorine is one of the typical impurities in the raw powders. The oxidation rate of Si2N2O ceramics doped with Gd2O3 greatly varied with a difference in impurity contents (especially F) of the raw Si3N4 powders used. When a high concentration of impurity existed in the intergranular glassy phase, the rate of oxidation was controlled by O2− diffusion through the glassy phase in the partly oxidized scale and unoxidized body; outward diffusion of Gd3+ occurred concurrently. On the other hand, when the impurity contents in the intergranular glassy phase was very low, the diffusion rate of ions (Gd3+, O2−, etc.) in the glassy phase became very low (substantially zero in the oxidation at 1300°C). Only cristobalite (SiO2) was formed on the surface. The rate of oxidation was controlled by O2 diffusion through the cristobalite layer, and was very low.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004866726930
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