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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flegel’s disease treated with psoralen ultraviolet A (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 142 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Flegel’s disease is an uncommon condition which causes asymptomatic keratotic papules on the limbs. It usually develops in the fourth or fifth decade. Therapeutic options are limited to emollients, topical 5-fluorouracil and retinoids, but none of these treatments is consistently helpful. We report a patient with Flegel’s disease who responded to psoralen ultraviolet A treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03305.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Global Strategy in the Internet Era (2000)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Business strategy review 11 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8616
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article examines the joint effects on business strategy of the Internet and globalization. It develops a framework for evaluating how the Internet affects the globalization potential of individual industries and the global strategies that companies should adopt. The impact of the Internet will not be uniform. Not only do its direct effects vary from one industry to another, but also it speeds up globalization at different rates in different industries. The article shows how to use the Internet to support five types of global strategy: market participation, products and services, activity location, marketing, and competitive moves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8616.00152
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Caspase-3 is activated following axotomy of neonatal facial motoneurons and caspase-3 gene deletion delays axotomy-induced cell death in rodents (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 12 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In this report, we examined the possible functions of the cell death protease, caspase-3, in the axotomy-induced apoptosis of facial motoneurons in newborn rodents. Using in situ hybridization and Western blot, we found higher levels of caspase-3 mRNA and pro-caspase-3 protein expression in motoneurons of neonatal and 2-week-old rats than adult rats. Following facial motoneuron axotomy, caspase-3 mRNA and protein expression increased in motoneurons of both neonatal and adult rats. However, using an antibody directed to the activated form of the caspase-3 protease, we found that catalytically active caspase-3 was present only in axotomized neonatal motoneurons. As motoneurons in neonatal but not adult rodents are susceptible to axotomy-induced apoptosis, we hypothesized that caspase-3 may play a role in their demise. To determine the necessity of caspase-3 activation in axotomy-induced apoptosis, we counted the number of surviving motoneurons at 4 and 7 days following axotomy in wild type mice and caspase-3 gene-deleted mice. There were nearly three times more surviving motoneurons in caspase-3 gene-deleted mice than in wild type mice at both 4 days (mean 1074 vs. 464, P 〈 0.005) and 7 days (mean 469 vs. 190, P 〈 0.005) following injury, indicating a slower rate of death. Examination of the dying motoneurons using TUNEL staining (for fragmented DNA) and bisbenzimide staining (for nuclear morphology) revealed incomplete nuclear condensation in caspase-3-deficient motoneurons. These results demonstrate that caspase-3 activation plays important roles in the rapid demise of axotomized neonatal motoneurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.2000.00241.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The measurement and dimensionality of brand associations (2000)
    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 9 (2000), S. 350-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The purpose of the research reported here was to test empirically a conceptualization of brand associations that consists of three dimensions: brand image, brand attitude and perceived quality. A better understanding of brand associations is needed to facilitate further theoretical development and practical measurement of the construct. Three studies were conducted to: test a protocol for developing product category specific measures of brand image; investigate the dimensionality of the brand associations construct; and explore whether the degree of dimensionality of brand associations varies depending upon a brand's familiarity. Findings confirm the efficacy of the brand image protocol and indicate that brand associations differ across brands and product categories. The latter finding supports the conclusion that brand associations for different products should be measured using different items. As predicted, dimensionality of brand associations was found to be influenced by brand familiarity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10610420010356966
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Advertising vs sales promotion: a brand management perspective (2000)
    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 9 (2000), S. 389-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Brand managers in packaged goods firms are under pressure to increase or maintain high sales promotion spending at the expense of media advertising. This study investigates the antecedents and outcomes of brand managers' advertising and sales promotion budget allocations by adopting a bounded rationality perspective. Based on survey data collected from 165 brand managers in the USA, higher advertising (vs sales promotion) allocations are associated with: single, relatively high priced brands in the early phases of the product life cycle; and more experienced brand managers who are subject to less retail influence. Also, brands with higher budget allocations to advertising, relative to sales promotion, tend to have more favorable consumer attitudes, stronger brand equity, and higher market share increases and profits. Managerial implications and areas for future study are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10610420010356984
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Xeroderma pigmentosum: the role of phototesting (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 143 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We report three patients newly diagnosed as having xeroderma pigmentosum (XP). Previous photobiological studies have implicated ultraviolet (UV) B as the activating waveband in XP, causing a delayed and prolonged erythemal response. This characteristic reaction pattern has been used as a quick screening test in patients suspected of having XP, while awaiting confirmatory DNA repair studies. Two of our patients showed no abnormal erythemal responses, and one showed severe photosensitivity from 330 to 400 nm but normal UVB responses, with a peak erythema at 24 h. We conclude that the erythemal responses in XP are highly variable and cannot be considered as a reliable screening test in the diagnosis of XP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2000.03716.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Benchmarking finite-state verifiers (2000)
    Springer
    International journal on software tools for technology transfer 2 (2000), S. 317-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2787
    Keywords: Key words: Finite-state verification – Benchmarking – Empirical evaluation – Model checking
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract. A variety of largely automated methods have been proposed for finite-state verification of computer systems. Although anecdotal accounts of success are widely reported, there is very little empirical data on the relative strengths and weaknesses of those methods across a broad range of analysis questions and systems. This information, however, is critical for the transfer of the technology from research to practice. We review some of the problems involved in obtaining this information and suggest several ways in which the community can facilitate empirical evaluation of finite-state verification tools.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100090050038
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light-dependent bicarbonate uptake and CO2 efflux in the marine microalga Nannochloropsis gaditana (2000)
    Springer
    Planta 211 (2000), S. 43-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Key words: Bicarbonate transport – Carbonic anhydrase – CO2 efflux – Eustigmatophyceae – Inhibitor (DIDS) –Nannochloropsis– (HCO−3 uptake)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract.  Inorganic carbon (Ci) uptake and efflux has been investigated in the marine microalga Nannochloropsis gaditana Lubian by monitoring CO2 fluxes in cell suspensions using mass spectrometry. Addition of H13CO3 − to cell suspensions in the dark caused a transient increase in the CO2 concentration in the medium far in excess of the equilibrium CO2 concentration. The magnitude of this release was dependent on the length of time the cells had been kept in the dark. Once equilibrium between the Ci species had been achieved, a CO2 efflux was observed after saturating light intensity was applied to the cells. External carbonic anhydrase (CA) was not detected nor does this species demonstrate a capacity to take up CO2 by active transport. Photosynthetic O2 evolution and the release CO2 in the dark depend on HCO3 − uptake since both were inhibited by the anion exchange inhibitor, 4,4′-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid (DIDS). The bicarbonate uptake mechanism requires light but can also continue for short periods in the dark. Ethoxyzolamide, a CA inhibitor, markedly inhibited CO2 efflux in the dark, indicating that CO2 efflux was dependent upon the intracellular dehydration of HCO3 −. These results indicate that Nannochloropsis possesses a bicarbonate uptake system which causes the accumulation of high intracellular Ci levels and an internal CA which maintains the equilibrium between CO2 and HCO3 − and thus causes a subsequent release of CO2 to the external medium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004250000254
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth phase and metal-dependent regulation of the dpsA gene in Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942 (2000)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 173 (2000), S. 352-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Sigma factor Iron limitation Fur repressor Nutrient stress Promoter Synechococcus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. The Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942 dpsA gene encodes a stress-inducible DNA-binding protein whose transcription increases in the stationary phase. Such transcription is likely under the control of an alternative sigma factor. Our current work indicated that dpsA transcription is also important under metal-ion limitation, because dpsA mRNA levels increased 12-fold under low-iron conditions, and that dpsA function is essential for growth under iron-limiting conditions. Promoter activity of the dpsA–promoter–lacZ reporter gene constructs implied that a region of dyad symmetry centered 28 nucleotides from the transcription start is required for metal-dependent repression, as judged by the level of lacZ induction following treatment of cultures with the chelator 2,2′-dipyridyl. This potential operator sequence is distinct from the site recognized by the cyanobacterial Fur repressor homologue. No other nutrient stresses (nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus) yielded the high level of induction seen following chelator treatment. These studies suggest that there may be more than one class of metal-dependent repressor in cyanobacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030000153
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The (in)significance of genocidal behavior to the discipline of criminology (2000)
    Springer
    Crime, law and social change 34 (2000), S. 7-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0751
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Law
    Notes: Abstract Though scholars devoted to the discipline of criminology purport to be theoretically and pragmatically exhaustive with respect to their research on ``crime,'' the study of genocide, an offense prohibited by international criminal law, has been virtually ignored. Nevertheless, the obligation to research genocidal behavior seems critical because of the comprehensive and threatening nature of the offense. Clearly, the consequences of genocide are more ominous than any single violation of domestic statutory law. Presentations at two annual criminal justice conferences and papers published in 13 prestigious periodicals devoted to the discipline of criminology are examined between 1990 and 1998. Content analyses demonstrate the reluctance of the discipline of criminology to identify the crime of genocide as one worthy of scholarly attention. These findings and the future of the discipline of criminology are assessed in light of the unequivocal danger posed by genocidal behavior.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008312732333
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