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  • Electronic Resource  (34)
  • 2000-2004  (34)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1945-1949
  • 1905-1909
  • 2003  (34)
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  • Electronic Resource  (34)
Years
  • 2000-2004  (34)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1945-1949
  • 1905-1909
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of hypoxia-inducible factor signal transduction pathway to measure O2 levels and modulate growth factor pathways (2003)
    Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Inc
    Wound repair and regeneration 11 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1524-475X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Tissue PO2 levels are known to directly modulate numerous processes involved in the reparative response to cutaneous tissue injury, including cell differentiation and migration, extracellular matrix synthesis and maturation, and effectiveness of endogenous and exogenous growth factors. Oxygen is therefore likely the critical variable determining the healing capabilities of any tissue. Significant advances in the understanding of cutaneous wound healing progressed with advances in the measurement of tissue PO2, which has advanced over the past several decades from implantable probes to now include molecular tools such as the transcription factor hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). HIF-1 modulates the expression of genes that drive the cellular adaptive response to hypoxia and possess the HIF-1 binding sequence named hypoxia response element within their promoter sequence. Molecular biology techniques are now allowing exploitation of the HIF-1/hypoxia response element pathway to drive the expression of potential vulnerary ectopic genes. Here we show the utility of the hypoxia response element for hypoxia-driven expression of the transforming growth factor-β–signaling component Smad3 in vitro and the in vivo detection of ischemic hypoxia using luciferase. Smad3 is a positive effector of transforming growth factor-β superfamily signal transduction. Such approaches are the latest evolution of work championed by Hunt and colleagues over the past 4 decades. (WOUND REP REG 2003;11:496–503)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1524-475X.2003.11620.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Primary Leiomyosarcoma of the Breast: A Case Report with Review of the Literature (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    The @breast journal 9 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1524-4741
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract:  Breast sarcomas account for about 1% of all malignant breast cancers. Leiomyosarcoma (LMS), one of the rarest, was first described 20 years ago, and yet few published reports exist. A case of primary LMS in a 25-year-old woman is presented and is only the 18th well-documented case in the literature. The clinical presentation, diagnosis, therapy, and pathologic features are reviewed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1524-4741.2003.09613.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of prolyl 4-hydroxylase reduces scar hypertrophy in a rabbit model of cutaneous scarring (2003)
    Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Inc
    Wound repair and regeneration 11 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1524-475X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Hypertrophic scars result from excessive collagen deposition at sights of healing dermal wounds and can be functionally and cosmetically problematic. Pharmacological regulation of collagen synthesis and deposition is a direct approach to the control of scar tissue formation. We tested the ability of the phenanthrolinone derivative FG-1648 (in 0.5% Carbopol 971 PNF gel, pH 6.5), a prolyl 4-hydroxylase inhibitor, to reduce hypertrophic scar formation in a rabbit ear hypertrophic scar model. New Zealand White rabbits were divided into two treatment groups (n = 12 wounds per group with an equal number of controls): low-dose group: 0.5% FG-1648; high-dose group: 1% FG-1648. Left ears were used for treatment and right ear for control. Four 7-mm dermal ulcer wounds were made on each ear. The inhibitor was topically applied to the wound at the time of wounding and once daily up to postoperative day 7. Wounds were harvested at postoperative day 28 and scar hypertrophy quantified by measurement of the scar elevation index. All wounds showed complete healing. Treatment of wounds with 1% prolyl 4-hydroxylase inhibitor decreased the scar elevation index by 26% compared to control wounds (p 〈 0.01). Wounds treated with 0.5% FG-1648 inhibitor showed no difference in scar elevation compared to control wounds. These results suggest that inhibition of prolyl 4-hydroxylase may be a suitable agent for topical treatment for the prevention of hypertrophic scar tissue. (WOUND REP REG 2003;11:368–372)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1524-475X.2003.11509.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strategic Alternative Responses to Risks of Terrorism (2003)
    350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148 , USA , and 9600 Garsington Road , Oxford OX4 2DQ , UK . : Blackwell Publishing Inc.
    Risk analysis 23 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: The terrorist acts of September 11, 2001 were a wake-up call for changing our traditional response to risks of terrorism. Given that government and worldwide think-tank organizations maintain that risks of terrorism will continue for the indefinite future, the following questions deserve strategic answers. How long can we respond to terrorism with tactical measures only, sustain current curtailments of some of our freedoms, travel, and quality of life, and absorb losses in human life and properties? Should not underlying strategic motivation lead to the tactical measures? Why do so many groups and individuals in some developing countries hate us? Is it because they fear that the ideas we export through television, movies, literature, and music have a corrupting influence on their cultures? Is it because of past operations that we conducted in such countries as Iran, Nicaragua, El Salvador, and Granada? Can the genesis of the risks of terrorism to the homeland be traced to the unfavorable socioeconomic conditions in less-privileged and developing countries, where civil and religious freedoms are close to nonexistent, and sanitary conditions, health and education, and critical infrastructures of essential utilities are almost at the same level that existed in the United States almost a century ago? If we could make progress at improving the quality of life of the billions of people in the developing countries and become more sensitive to their needs, cultures, and heritage, would their hatred subside? What other measures can we take to reduce their hatred, without compromising our basic cultural and democratic principles or their cultural and social heritage?
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1539-6924.00325
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clarification of Lenzenweger and Korfine (1992) (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical psychology 10 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2850
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Lenzenweger (2003, this issue) objected to my suggestion that Lenzenweger and Korfine (1992) interpreted their taxometric study as support for Meehl's (1962, 1990) single major gene model of schizophrenia. I suggest in this brief response that my representation of Lenzenweger and Korfine was consistent with the statements they had made. However, I do welcome the clarification that there are alternative explanations for the manifest class taxon identified by Lenzenweger and Korfine (e.g., see Widiger, 2001) and I would encourage future taxometric studies to explore these alternatives.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clipsy.bpg038
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    LEARNING AND ASSESSMENT IN POSTMODERN EDUCATION (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Educational theory 53 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-5446
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Education
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-5446.2003.00313.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    WATER QUALITY MODEL OUTPUT UNCERTAINTY AS AFFECTED BY SPATIAL RESOLUTION OF INPUT DATA (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 39 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Resolution of the input GIS data used to parameterize distributed-parameter hydrologic/water quality models may affect uncertainty in model outputs and impact the subsequent application of model results in watershed management. In this study we evaluated the impact of varying spatial resolutions of DEM, land use, and soil data (30 × 30 m, 100 × 100 m, 150 × 150 m, 200 × 200 m, 300 × 300 m, 500 × 500 m, and 1,000 × 1,000 m) on the uncertainty of SWAT predicted flow, sediment, NO3-N, and TP transport. Inputs included measured hydrologic, meteorological, and watershed characteristics as well as water quality data from the Moores Creek watershed in Washington County, Arkansas. The SWAT model output was most affected by input DEM data resolution. A coarser DEM data resolution resulted in decreased representation of watershed area and slope and increased slope length. Distribution of pasture, forest, and urban areas within the watershed was significantly affected at coarser resolution of land use and resulted in significant uncertainty in predicted sediment, NO3-N, and TP output. Soils data resolution had no significant effect on flow and NO3-N predictions; however, sediment was overpredicted by 26 percent, and TP was underpredicted by 26 percent at 1,000 m resolution. This may be due to change in relative distribution of various hydrologic soils groups (HSGs) in the watershed. Minimum resolution for input GIS data to achieve less than 10 percent model output error depended upon the output variable of interest. For flow, sediment, NO3-N, and TP predictions, minimum DEM data resolution should range from 30 to 300 m, whereas minimum land use and soils data resolution should range from 300 to 500 m.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb04420.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tracheal ring fracture – dislodgement after Blue Rhino percutaneous tracheostomy (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 58 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2003.03540.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IL-13 EFFECTOR FUNCTIONS* (2003)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Immunology 21 (2003), S. 425-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 0732-0582
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract IL-13 was first recognized for its effects on B cells and monocytes, where it upregulated class II expression, promoted IgE class switching and inhibited inflammatory cytokine production. It was also thought to be functionally redundant with IL-4. However, studies conducted with knockout mice, neutralizing antibodies, and novel antagonists demonstrate that IL-13 possesses several unique effector functions that distinguish it from IL-4. Resistance to most gastrointestinal nematodes is mediated by type-2 cytokine responses, in which IL-13 plays a dominant role. By regulating cell-mediated immunity, IL-13 modulates resistance to intracellular organisms including Leishmania major, Leishmania mexicana, and Listeria monocytogenes. In the lung, IL-13 is the central mediator of allergic asthma, where it regulates eosinophilic inflammation, mucus secretion, and airway hyperresponsiveness. Manipulation of IL-13 effector function may also prove useful in the treatment of some cancers like B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and Hodgkin's disease, where IL-13 modulates apoptosis or tumor cell growth. IL-13 can also inhibit tumor immunosurveillance. As such, inhibitors of IL-13 might be effective as cancer immunotherapeutics by boosting type-1-associated anti-tumor defenses. Finally, IL-13 was revealed as a potent mediator of tissue fibrosis in both schistosomiasis and asthma, which indicates that it is a key regulator of the extracellular matrix. The mechanisms that regulate IL-13 production and/or function have also been investigated, and IL-4, IL-12, IL-18, IFN-gamma, IL-10, TGF-beta, TNF-alpha, and the IL-4/IL-13 receptor complex play important roles. This review highlights the effector functions of IL-13 and describes multiple pathways for modulating its activity in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.21.120601.141142
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE MEANDERING 45-YEAR ODYSSEY OF A CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGIST* (2003)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Immunology 21 (2003), S. 1-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 0732-0582
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract My work on basic and clinical immunology has focused on the regulation of the human immune response and how its dysregulation can lead to immunodeficiency, autoimmune, and malignant disorders. The early focus in our laboratory was on pathogenic mechanisms underlying hypogammaglobulinemia. Our demonstration of active suppression by human suppressor T cells changed thinking about the pathogenesis of certain immunodeficiency disorders. Recently we have focused on the cytokines interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-15, which have competitive functions in adaptive immune responses. IL-2 is necessary to destroy self-reactive lymphocytes and thus favors peripheral tolerance to self-antigens, whereas IL-15 favors the persistence of lymphocytes involved in the memory and effector responses to invading pathogens but risks the development of inflammatory autoimmune diseases. Our murine anti-Tac monoclonal antibody exploits these differences, as does a humanized form (daclizumab) now approved for the prevention of renal allograft rejection. New forms of therapy directed at IL-2 and IL-15 receptors may be effective against certain neoplastic diseases and autoimmune disorders and in the prevention of allograft rejection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.21.120601.140933
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