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  • Electronic Resource  (12)
  • 2000-2004  (6)
  • 1995-1999  (5)
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  • Electronic Resource  (12)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IgG Subclass Responses in Childhood Helicobacter pylori Duodenal Ulcer: Evidence of T-Helper Cell Type 2 Responses (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Helicobacter 9 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1523-5378
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background.  Duodenal ulcer in adults chronically infected with Helicobacter pylori is associated with a polarized T-helper cell type 1 (Th1) mucosal immune response, with a predominantly immunoglobulin G2 (IgG2) systemic specific response. It has been suggested that children colonized by H. pylori also produce a mucosal Th1 response, but there are few studies that have measured IgG subclass responses in children with duodenal ulcer.Materials and methods.  Seven children with endoscopically proven duodenal ulcer and H. pylori infection and 18 children with biopsy proven H. pylori infection but no duodenal ulcer had relative concentrations of IgG subclass responses (IgGsc) against H. pylori antigens measured by ELISA. Eighteen IgG seropositive adults acted as controls. The range of antigens recognised by IgG1 and IgG2 subclass responses were investigated by Western blots.Results.  There were no differences in mean IgGsc responses between children with or without duodenal ulcer. Adults produced an IgG2 predominant response. Western blots showed no qualitative differences in antigens recognised by IgG1 or IgG2.Conclusion.  Children with duodenal ulcer, in contrast to adults, produce an IgGsc response consistent with a mucosal Th2 response to H. pylori regardless of the presence of duodenal ulceration. This suggests that disease causation amongst children with H. pylori associated duodenal ulceration may not be dependant upon a mucosal Th1 biased response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-4389.2004.00234.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trends in the cause of late fetal death, 1982–2000 (2004)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    BJOG 111 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background  Progress in reducing late fetal deaths has slowed in recent years, despite changes in intrapartum and antepartum care.Objectives  To describe recent trends in cause-specific fetal death rates.Design  Retrospective cohort study.Setting  North of England.Population/Sample  3,386 late fetal deaths (≥28 weeks of gestation and at least 500 g), occuring between 1982 and 2000.Methods  Data on deaths were obtained from the Northern Perinatal Mortality Survey. Data on live births were obtained from national birth registration statistics. Rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for fetal deaths in 1991–2000 compared with 1982–1990 were calculated.Main outcome measures  Cause-specific late fetal death rates per 10,000 total births.Results  Mortality in singletons declined from 51.5 per 10,000 births in 1982–1990 to 42.0 in 1991–2000 (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.76–0.87). There was a greater decline in multiples, from 197.9 to 128.0 per 10,000 (RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.51–0.83). In singletons, the largest reductions occurred in intrapartum-related deaths, and deaths due to congenital anomalies, antepartum haemorrhage and pre-eclampsia. There was little change in the rate of unexplained antepartum death occurring at term (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.84–1.11) or preterm (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.82–1.07), these accounting for about half of all late fetal deaths. Unexplained antepartum deaths declined in multiple births and in singletons of birthweight 〈1500 g.Conclusions  While late fetal mortality due to many specific causes has declined, unexplained antepartum death rates have remained largely unchanged. Improved identification of deaths due to growth restriction and infection, which may otherwise be classified as unexplained, is important. Further investigation of the underlying aetiologies of genuinely unexplained deaths is needed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2004.00296.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of Fiberglass and Other Polymeric Well Casings, Part III. Sorption and Leaching of Trace-Level Metals (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 18 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: This series of experiments was initiated to determine the overall suitability of three alternative polymeric well casing materials (fluorinated ethylene propylene [FEP], fiberglass-reinforced epoxy [FRE], and fiberglass-reinforced plastic [FRP]) for use in ground water monitoring wells and to compare these materials with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) well casings. This paper focuses on sorption and leaching of metals.Generally, the fiberglass materials leached more metal contaminants than PVC, FEP, and PTFE. However, with one exception (Pb leaching from FRP), leached concentrations were below maximum allowable limits set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for drinking water. With respect to sorption, none of the polymers sorbed the anions tested, but all of them sorbed one or more of the cations tested. FEP and PTFE were much less sorptive than the other materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1998.tb00736.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of Five Discrete-Interval-Type Ground Water Sampling Devices (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 24 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Five relatively newly developed discrete-interval-type ground water sampling devices—the KABIS, HydraSleeve, Discrete Interval, Pneumo-Bailer, and USGS passive diffusion bag (PDB) samplers—were tested to determine their ability to recover representative concentrations of a variety of analytes—volatile organics, explosives, pesticides, and metals—from a standpipe and trichloroethylene (TCE) from a deep monitoring well. Samples taken from a well were compared with samples taken using low-flow sampling.The PDB sampler was the easiest to use, but could only be used to sample volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The HydraSleeve and the KABIS samplers were also easy to use; these devices produced representative concentrations of explosives, pesticides, and metals in the standpipe experiments, but elevated the turbidity in our monitoring well. Although there were statistically significant differences for some VOCs with both devices, these differences were generally very small (〈 5%). The one exception was an 18% loss of TCE with the KABIS sampler.The Discrete Interval sampler and the Pneumo-Bailer are pressurized devices that are designed to only collect a sample when activated. The Pneumo-Bailer was heavy and awkward to handle, required a nitrogen tank in the field, and involved many steps to operate. The Discrete Interval sampler only required a bicycle pump to pressurize the chamber and was lighter and easier to handle and operate than its counterpart. Both devices generally delivered representative concentrations of all the analytes tested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2004.tb01298.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An Environmentally Friendly Decontamination Protocol for Ground Water Sampling Devices (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 23 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Several detergent-washing/air-drying decontamination protocols were tested to determine their ability to remove residual contamination from two types of ground water sampling devices. We tested a relatively simply constructed device, a bailer, and a much more complex, and theoretically more difficult to decontaminate, bladder pump. The devices were decontaminated after sampling ground water that was contaminated with organics that varied in their hydrophobic nature and propensity to be sorbed by the materials in the devices. These studies showed that a hot-detergent wash, hot-water rinse, and hot-air drying protocol was effective.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2003.tb00674.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of Fiberglass and Other Polymeric Well Casings Part II. Sorption and Leaching of Trace-Level Organics (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 18 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: This paper contains the results of a laboratory study that was designed to compare sorption of low (mg/L) concentrations of 11 organic solutes by six polymeric materials (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene [ABS], fluorinated ethylene propylene [FEP], fiberglass-reinforced epoxy [FRE] and fiberglass-reinforced plastic [FRP], polyvinyl chloride [PVC], and poly-tetrafluoroethylene [PTFE]).During this six-week study, ABS sorbed analytes much more rapidly and to a greater extent than did the other materials, and PVC and FRE sorbed analytes more slowly and to a lesser extent than the other materials tested.As the study progressed, an increasing number of spurious peaks were found in the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) chromatograms of some of our samples, indicating that leaching of some consituents had occurred. By the end of the study, there were 11 additional peaks in the ABS samples, five in the FRP samples, and one in the FRE samples. Analysis by purge and trap gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) of those samples and of well water samples that were exposed to the casings for 500 hours revealed the identity of some of the leached constituents; acrylonitrile and styrene (components of ABS), chloroform and ethylbenzene (an intermediate in the production of styrene) from the ABS pipe, and toluene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and ethylbenzene from the FRP casing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1998.tb00621.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sampling Trace-Level Organic Solutes with Polymeric Tubing Part 2. Dynamic Studies (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 18 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: This is the second part of a study conducted to determine whether polymeric sampling tubing can affect organic analyte concentrations during a sampling event. In this part of the study, we looked for sorption and desorption of tricholoroethylene (TCE) and leaching of organic constituents in water pumped through five types of polymeric tubing. The materials tested were a rigid fluoropolymer, a flexible fluoropolymer, low-density polyethylene (LDPE), and two plasticized polypropylene tubings. The effects of tubing length and flow rate were examined.The least sorptive tubings, both initially and at equilibrium, were the fluoropolymers. However, in some instances the LDPE tubing had little effect on TCE concentrations. This was when a slow flow rate was used to sample relatively shallow wells (50 feet [15 m] or less) or when a faster flow rate (1 L/min) was used to sample wells that are less than 500 feet (152 m). Further testing is recommended using more sorptive analytes.Using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), we were unable to detect any constituents leaching from any of the tubings used in these studies, even when a slow flow rate was used. However, desorption of sorbed analytes is a concern for all the tubings tested, including the rigid fluoropolymer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1998.tb00611.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decontaminating Materials Used in Ground Water Sampling Devices: Organic Contaminants (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 20 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: In these studies, the efficiency of various decontamination protocols was tested on small pieces of materials commonly used in ground water sampling devices. Three materials, which ranged in ability to sorb organic solutes, were tested: stainless steel (SS), rigid polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The test pieces were exposed to two aqueous test solutions: One contained three volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and one nitroaromatic compound, and the other contained four pesticides. Also, three types of polymeric tubing were exposed to pesticide solutions. Generally, the contact times were 10 minutes and 24 hours for sorption and desorption.The contaminants were removed from the nonpermeable SS and the less-sorptive rigid PVC test pieces simply by washing with a hot detergent solution and rinsing with hot water. Additional treatment was required for the PTFE test pieces exposed to the VOCs and for the low-density polyethylene (LDPE) tubing exposed to the pesticide test solution. Solvent rinsing did not improve removal of the three VOCs from the PTFE and only marginally improved removal of the residual pesticides from the LDPE. However, a hot water and detergent wash and rinse followed by oven drying at approximately 105°C was effective for removing the VOCs from the PTFE and substantially reduced pesticide contamination from the LDPE.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2000.tb00252.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sampling Trace-Level Organic Solutes with Polymeric Tubing Part I. Static Studies (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 17 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Twenty polymeric tubings were filled with a test solution containing eight organic solutes. The test solutions were monitored for losses, indicating that sorption had occurred, and for signs that leaching of organic constituents had occurred. The tubings tested included seven flexible products and eight fluoropolymers. Among the rigid tubings tested, three fluoropolymers (fluorinated ethylene propylene [FEP], FEP-lined polyethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride) were the least sorptive tubings. However, even these tubings readily sorbed some of the analytes. Among the flexible tubings tested, a fluoroelastomer tubing and a tubing made of a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene were the least sorptive.Several of the tubings tested leached constituents into the test solution. The polyurethane, polyamide, flexible polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyester-lined PVC, and silicone-modified thermoplastic elastomer tubings were found to leach the most constituents. We were unable to detect any constituents leaching from the polyethylene tubings, the rigid fluoropolymer tubings, and one of the plasticized polypropylene tubings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1997.tb01271.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A common variant in BRCA2 is associated with both breast cancer risk and prenatal viability (2000)
    [s.l.] : Nature America Inc.
    Nature genetics 26 (2000), S. 362-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Inherited mutations in the gene BRCA2 predispose carriers to early onset breast cancer, but such mutations account for fewer than 2% of all cases in East Anglia. It is likely that low penetrance alleles explain the greater part of inherited susceptibility to breast cancer; polymorphic variants in ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/81691
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