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  • Electronic Resource  (147)
  • 2000-2004  (41)
  • 1995-1999  (106)
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical transitions and frequency upconversion emission of Er3+ ions in Ga2S3–GeS2–La2S3 glasses (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 19-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Spectroscopic properties of Er3+ in Ga2S3–GeS2–La2S3 glasses are investigated on the basis of the spontaneous emission probabilities calculated by the use of the Judd–Ofelt theory and lifetime data. Frequency upconversion spectra are also measured with excitation at 800 and 980 nm. The spontaneous emission probabilities are much larger than those of the other glass systems such as oxides and fluorides. This is mainly attributed to the large refractive indices of the sulfide glasses. The quantum efficiencies of 4I11/2 and 4F9/2 levels are comparable or larger than the typical values of Er3+ in a fluoride glass. This is a consequence of the large spontaneous emission probabilities and low phonon energies of the sulfide glasses. However, the quantum efficiency of the 4S3/2 level is less than one-half of the value in the fluoride glass. The nonradiative transition probability of the 4S3/2 level is much larger than the value which is evaluated from the multiphonon relaxation theory. This suggests the presence of the other nonradiative relaxation process in addition to the multiphonon relaxation. This process is considered to be the energy transfer from the excited Er3+ to the band-gap excitation of the matrix glass. In upconversion spectra, the 497 nm emission from the 4F7/2 level is observed in addition to the red (665 nm) and the green (533 and 552 nm) emission bands. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.366696
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dermatological study on dark eye circles and their treatment with newly developed cosmetics (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of cosmetic science 26 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Blood flow stagnation is said to be an important factor for the incidence of dark eye circles, but there are few reports, which have studied dark eye circles and the relationship to blood flow. We have examined dark eye circles dermatologically using a non-invasive method and made clear the factor related to it. We have also studied the effect of newly developed cosmetics on improvement of dark eye circles. Melanin and haemoglobin content, haemoglobin oxygen saturation and blood flow rate were measured to compare dark eye circles with a normal control. An increased amount of haemoglobin and decreased haemoglobin oxygen saturation were observed at the site of dark eye circles. We also observed that the blood flow rate was slow at dark eye circles in comparison with cheek. From these results, blood flow stagnation seems to be one of the factors that could induce dark eye circles. In addition, the increase of melanin at dark eye circles was also observed in older subjects. It was considered that not only congestion but also an increase of melanin content in the skin could induce dark eye circles. On the basis of these results, we developed anti-dark eye circle cosmetics that can improve blood circulation, reduce melanin content and maintain high moisture retention in the skin. After 3 weeks’ usage of this product, it was confirmed that dark eye circles were improved, judging from the result of non-invasive instrumental measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2494.2004.00242_2.x
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evanescent-field amplification in Nd3+-doped fluoride planar waveguide (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 2012-2014 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Planar channel waveguides of rare-earth doped fluoride glass are demonstrated with single mode excitation and propagation losses below 3 dB/cm. The waveguide core was fabricated by Ag+–Na+ molten salt ion exchange process in a borosilicate glass (BGG31), and a Nd3+-doped ZBLAN glass was used as a cladding. A 0.45 dB signal amplification at 1.064 μm was observed in the fabricated 1 cm long waveguide, and a 0.9 dB amplification is expected at the emission peak (1.049 μm). Modeling results show 2.5 dB/cm potential gain with the improvement in surface flatness of ZBLAN glass. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.116863
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Defect formation in GeO2–SiO2 glass by poling with ArF laser excitation (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 71 (1997), S. 993-995 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have investigated formation of Ge-related defects in a GeO2–SiO2 glass fiber preformed by poling with ArF laser excitation. Electric field dependence of the induced-defect concentrations was measured by means of the optical absorption. Several color centers such as the germanium electron-trapped centers and the Ge E′ center were induced. Concentrations of the induced germanium electron-trapped centers and Ge E′ center increase with increasing the electric field. Conversion efficiency from the germanium electron-trapped centers to the Ge E′ center was found to be independent of the electric field. The present result strongly suggests that the poling with ArF laser excitation is effective in the present GeO2–SiO2 glass for the formation of germanium electron-trapped centers. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.119749
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Saturation magnetization and uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy for Co-based binary and Co–Ge–Cr ternary alloys (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 76 (2000), S. 3457-3459 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In order to develop a magnetic material for high-density magnetic recording media which overcomes the thermal agitation effect, the magnetic properties, such as saturation magnetization and magnetic anisotropy, were evaluated for Co–M (M=Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh, Os, Cr, Ge, Mo, Mn, Re, and Si) binary alloys. Ge addition was found to be effective in maintaining the value of the magnetic anisotropy field of Co. Furthermore, a ternary magnetic alloy of Co–Ge–Cr (85 at. % Co, 10 at. % Ge, 5 at. % Cr) was found to have the following magnetic properties: Kugrain≥3×106 erg/cm3, Hkgrain(approximate)10 kOe, and 4πMs/Hkgrain〈1.0. This magnetic material is a very promising candidate for use in high-density magnetic recording media. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.126676
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and formation mechanism of the Eα′ center in amorphous SiO2 (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 2730-2732 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We provide a possible formation mechanism for one of the Si-related paramagnetic centers in amorphous silica, Eα′, which is stable only below 200 K, on the basis of the quantum-chemical calculations. We show that the divalent Si defect can trap a hole, resulting in two different types of paramagnetic centers that are consistent with the experimental spectral features for Eα′. The highly anisotropic symmetry and the isotropic hyperfine coupling constants observed for one of the Eα′- center variants are reproduced by the present model. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1369147
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation and decay mechanisms of electron–hole pairs in amorphous SiO2 (2002)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 80 (2002), S. 1147-1149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present theoretical evidence for the creation of an electron–hole pair at an edge-sharing SiO4 site that is supposed to exist in a-SiO2 as an intrinsic structural defect. The present electron–hole pair consists of a nonbridging oxygen hole center and an E′ center, but these paramagnetic defects do not form a close pair but are separately located by over ∼4 Å. The subsequent decay mechanism along with the related radiolytic process is also discussed. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1448173
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism of electron trapping in Ge-doped SiO2 glass (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 79 (2001), S. 359-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present a possible mechanism of electron trapping in Ge-doped SiO2 glass on the basis of first-principles quantum chemical calculations on clusters of atoms modeling the local structures in the glassy system. The calculations suggest that the so-called "Ge(1) and Ge(2)" centers are distinctly different electron centers rather than GeO4− variants and that an electron trapped at an oxygen vacancy site is a promising candidate for Ge(2). © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1383273
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time-resolved magneto-optical experiments in Cd1−xMnxTe/ZnTe multiple quantum wells (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 5938-5940 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Optical pump-probe experiments were performed in Cd0.9Mn0.1Te/ZnTe multiple quantum wells to study the dynamics of the exciton magnetic polaron in this material. Two transient absorptions of opposite sign were observed. The first signal is negative and indicates the decrease of optical absorption, as the excitons are approaching saturation. The second signal is positive and is interpreted as the absorption of "new excitons" after the initial excitons created by the pump pulse have decayed leaving behind a magnetic polarized Mn environment. The spin relaxation time of the Mn ions has been determined to be 601 ps. Finally, we discuss the effect of the polaron–polaron interaction, relevant in our experiment because we saturate the excitons in the quantum wells. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.369997
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural Isomers and Tautomerism of 2-Hydroxypyridine in the Cation Ground State Studied by Zero Kinetic Energy (ZEKE) Photoelectron Spectroscopy (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 99 (1995), S. 8608-8612 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100021a025
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