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  • Electronic Resource  (27)
  • 1995-1999  (10)
  • 1990-1994  (15)
  • 1970-1974  (2)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (24)
  • maize  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and function of selectable and non-selectable transgenes in maize after introduction by particle bombardment (1994)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 25 (1994), S. 951-961 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Cell biology ; epigenetics ; maize ; transformation ; transgenes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Zea mays transformants produced by particle bombardment of embryogenic suspension culture cells of the genotype A188 × B73 and selected on kanamycin or bialaphos were characterized with respect to transgene integration, expression, and inheritance. Selection on bialaphos, mediated by thebar orpat genes, was more efficient than selection on kanamycin, mediated by thenptII gene. Most transformants contained multicopy, single locus, transgene insertion events. A transgene expression cassette was more likely to be rearranged if expression of that gene was not selected for during callus growth. Not all plants regenerated from calli representing single transformation events expressed the transgenes, and a non-selectable gene (uidA) was expressed in fewer plants than was the selectable transgene. Mendelian inheritance of transgenes consistent with transgene insertion at a single locus was observed for approximately two thirds of the transformants assessed. Transgene expression was typically, but not always, predictable in progeny plants-transgene silencing, as well as poor transgene transmission to progeny, was observed in some plant lines in which the parent plants had expressed the transgene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00014669
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated expression ofgusA in maize tissues (1993)
    Springer
    Transgenic research 2 (1993), S. 252-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9368
    Keywords: Agrobacterium tumefaciens ; maize ; GUS ; gusA/intron ; particle bombardment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract To develop a system forAgrobacterium-mediated transformation of maize (Zea mays L.), we have investigated histochemically the transient expression of β-glucuronidase (GUS) activity in maize seedling tissue segments using binary vectors that allow minimal (pKIWI105 and pCNL1) or undetectable (p35S-GUS-INT and pCNL56) levels of GUS activity inA. tumefaciens. Tissue segments from three- to five-day-old sterile seedlings of maize genotype A188 were inoculated withA. tumefaciens. Four days after inoculation, transient expression of GUS activity was found in mesocotyl segments originating from the intercalary meristem region. This GUS activity was specific to the vascular cylinder and was not found in the internal cortical or epidermal layers, nor was it found in mature mesocotyl tissue (segments 5 mm below the coleoptilar node). Transient GUS activity was also detected in leaf and coleoptile tissues of shoot segments, but not in the shoot apexper se or in leaves younger than the first leaf. Maize tissues inoculated withA. tumefaciens strains that harbourgusA-containing binary vectors but no Ti-plasmid did not show GUS activity, supporting evidence from previous work thatvir gene activity was essential for the observed GUS activity.A. tumefaciens strains containing different types of Ti-plasmids were also tested. A strain harbouring an agropine-type Ti-plasmid was the most effective for expressing GUS activity in mesocotyl segments, whereas a strain harboring a nopaline-type Ti-plasmid was most effective for expression of GUS activity in the apical meristem-containing segment. These results indicate that different interactions occurred between the differentA. tumefaciens strains and the susceptible plant tissues. Maize genotype specificity for GUS activity in mesocotyl tissues was observed; variations in the cocultivation medium had a profound effect on the frequency of expression of GUS activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01968838
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Peruvian Maize Extracts on Growth, Development, and Fecundity of the European Corn Borer (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 25 (1999), S. 1281-1294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: European corn borer ; Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) ; growth ; development ; fecundity ; oviposition ; behavior ; eggs ; DIMBOA ; water extract ; plant extract ; maize ; Peruvian maize ; maize accessions ; host plant resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Twelve Peruvian maize, Zea mays, accessions were selected because of their relatively high level of field resistance to first-generation European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis, larval leaf-feeding. Water extracts of freeze-dried, powdered, leaf tissue were incorporated into a standard ECB diet, fed to larvae, and the effects on larval growth, development, and fecundity were measured. Larval and pupal weights were monitored as were the time elapsed in the larval, pupal, and adult stages. Adult fecundity and egg fertility were recorded. The experiment was a randomized block design (larvae and pupae) or a completely randomized design (adults) and analyzed with ANOVA (α = 0.05). Pairwise comparisons were made between groups of insects grown on diets containing extracts from the Peruvian lines, a standard diet, or diets containing extracts of a known susceptible inbred, and a known resistant inbred line. Survival was analyzed with a chi-squared test (α = 0.05). Two Peruvian accessions significantly reduced female larval and pupal weights, extended pupal and adult development time, and decreased survival of pupae and adults. Water extracts also had a pronounced impact on males; two accessions significantly reduced pupal weight and extended the time required to pupate, and one reduced male survival to adults. The results indicate that water-soluble factors from resistant Peruvian accessions inhibit the growth, developmental time, and survival of ECB. These resistance factors could be useful in the development of maize germplasm with insect-resistant traits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020918607690
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A re-examination of the cloacal sacs and gland of the blind snake, Leptotyphlops dulcis (Reptilia: Leptotyphlopidae) (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 133 (1971), S. 273-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The cloacal sacs of Leptotyphlops dulcis are nonglandular, posterior evaginations of the cloaca. The median cloacal gland is tubuloalveolar. Similar unpaired cloacal glands as well as paired sacs are noted in certain colubrid snakes. Terminology applied to these cloacal derivatives is discussed, and a standardization of names is provided.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051330303
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Middle-ear development: II. Morphometric changes in the conducting apparatus of the chick (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 212 (1992), S. 257-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The ontogeny of various middle-ear structures was examined in 11 groups of chicks between 10 days embryonic and adult. Measurements of the tympanic membrane surface area and height, columella length, and that of the columella footplate, annular ligament, and oval window area were obtained using video micrographs and computer digitization techniques. The oval window matures first at 53 days post-hatching, whereas the columella achieves adult size at 74 days. The tympanic membrane surface area is the last middle-ear variable studied to reach adult size (79 days post-hatch). The columella increases its length from 0.63 mm (10 days embryonic) to 2.73 mm in the adult. The tympanic membrane area expands by 280% whereas the columellar footplate area increases by 11x. As a result, the pressure amplification of the middle ear due to the tympanic membrane/columellar footplate area ratio improves by over 400%. These data further contribute to our understanding of the functional development of the middle ear. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052120305
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Middle-ear development VI: Structural maturation of the rat conducting apparatus (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 239 (1994), S. 475-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Middle ear ; Auditory ; Hearing development ; Ossicles ; Tympanic membrane ; Rat (Long Evans strain) ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: The contribution of middle-ear development to the overall development of hearing has not been explored in great detail. This presentation describes the maturation of conductive elements in the rat middle ear, and provides the basis on which future studies of middle-ear functional development will follow.Methods: The middle-ear apparatus was examined at nine different ages (between 1 and 80 days postpartum) in Long Evans rats. At each age elements of the conducting apparatus were observed with either light or scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and quantitative measurements were made from video enhanced photomicrographs. Tympanic membrane area and cone depth, the length of the malleus and incus arms, ossicular weight, stapes foot plate and oval window areas, and bulla volume were all measured. Development of the area and lever ratios were derived from these measurements. The data were fitted to exponential equations and the time in days required to reach 90% of the adult level determined.Results: The pars tensa achieved 90% of total area by 17 days. The oval window achieved the 90% criterion by 13 days, while the area ratio was within 10% of its adult size by 8 days. The ossicles took between 26 and 34 days, while bulla volume took 59 days to reach the 90% level.Conclusions: Middle-ear growth was very orderly and systematic in the data reported. When maturation of the area ratio was considered against development of the endocochlear potential or the round window compound action potential, it was clear that the growth of this important aspect of the middle ear preceded the onset of cochlear function. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092390413
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in the morphology and phosphatase cytochemistry of the Golgi region of hepatocytes during the acute phase response to inflammation (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 241 (1995), S. 439-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Golgi ; TGN ; Inflammation ; Acute phase response ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: During the acute phase response to inflammation, the Golgi apparatus of rat hepatocytes processes an increased quantity of glycoproteins, in the form of acute phase reactants.Methods: The compartmental organization of the hepatocyte Golgi of control and 24 hour inflamed rats was studied, using transmission electron microscopic techniques, including cytochemistry, to detect nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphatase (NADPase), thiamine pyrophosphatase (TPPase), and cytidine monophosphatase (CMPase) activity.Results: In inflamed rats, individual Golgi stacks were enlarged, but retained their organization into four compartments:1) a phosphatase negative, perforated cis-element, 2) two mid-saccules which sometimes were positive for NADPase, 3) one or occasionally two NADPase and TPPase positive trans-saccules, and 4) a tubulovesicular trans-Golgi network (TGN) which was NADPase reactive and contained a spotty TPPase reaction product. Two of these compartments were noticably altered in response to inflammation. The two mid-saccules were consistently and uniformly dilated. The TGN was altered to the point of being difficult to recognize and had acquired CMPase reactivity. In control rats the TGN consisted of anastomosing tubules forming cage-like structures; secretory granules containing lipoprotein particles pinched off from these. In inflamed rats, most of the cage-like TGN structures had been replaced with an extensive vesicular syncytium which produced secretory granules with a granulofilamentous content.Conclusions: In hepatocytes from inflamed rats an apparent switch had occured in the type of secretory material processed by the Golgi apparatus. Furthermore, the inflammation-induced increase in the size of individual Golgi stacks apparently was not due to a parallel increase in size of all Golgi saccules. Rather, saccules within given Golgi compartments responded in a characteristic and specific manner to the increase in glycoprotein processing that occurs during inflammation. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092410402
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytoarchitecture of the substantia nigra pars lateralis in the opossum (Didelphis virginiana): A correlated light and electron microscopic study (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 241 (1995), S. 563-578 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Substantia nigra ; Basal ganglia ; Cytoarchitecture ; Light microscopy ; Electron microscopy ; Opossum ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: The substantia nigra has been divided into three subdivisions. However, the cytoarchitecture of one of these subdivisions, the pars lateralis (SNI), has not been previously examined in detail at the light and electron microscopic levels in any species. In the adult opossum, the three nigral subdivisions can be easily distinguished as distinct, rostrocaudally oriented cell groups separated by neuron-free zones. Thus it was possible to determine the boundaries of the SNI unambiguously. This report covers the results of an examination of the morphology and organization of the SNI in the opossum.Methods: Material from 13 opossums was used for this study. Eight of the animals had been previously stained for Nissl substance (n=4) or impregnated by the Golgi technique (n=4). The remaining five animals were prepared for electron microscopic studies using standard procedures.Results: Two cell types were identified on the basis of morphological differences, small and medium-large neurons. Small neurons (10-18 μm long axis) have large nuclei with moderate amounts of heterochromatin and a thin rim of cytoplasm. They have long (up to 500 μm), spine-free dendrites. Medium-large neurons (18-54 μm long axis) have rounded nuclei with electron-lucent nucleoplasm. Few indentations of the nuclear envelope were observed. The surrounding cytoplasm has dense arrays of organelles. Nissl bodies are particularly prominent in the form of pyramids with their bases at juxtanuclear positions and their apices directed toward emerging dendrites. Dendrites of medium-large neurons are long (some〉1 mm in length), are primarily oriented in the frontal plane, and extend along the dorsal surface of or into the cerebral peduncle. Some cells have dendrites that are moderately spinous, whereas other neurons possess sparsely spinous dendrites. Relatively few synaptic profiles are observed to contact somata and proximal dendrites.Conclusion: This report provides added morphological support for the idea that the SNI is a distinct subdivision of the substantia nigra, a distinction previously made on the basis of the physiologically characterized relationship between the lateral substantia nigra and orienting behaviors and seizure-related function. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092410414
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nuclear cholesterol content and nucleoside triphosphatase activity are altered in the JCR:LA-cp corpulent rat (1996)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 63 (1996), S. 349-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: hypercholesterolemia ; nuclear membrane ; NTPase ; hyperlipidemia ; obesity ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: A nuclear pore complex-associated nucleoside triphosphatase (NTPase) activity is believed to provide energy for nuclear export of poly(A)+ mRNA. This study was initiated to determine if nuclear membrane lipid composition is altered during chronic hyperlipidemia, and what effect this has on NTPase activity. The JCR:LA-cp corpulent rat model is characterized by severe hypertriglyceridemia and moderate hypercholesterolemia, and thus represents an ideal animal model in which to study nuclear cholesterol and NTPase activity. NTPase activity was markedly increased in purified hepatic nuclei from corpulent female JCR:LA-cp rats in comparison to lean control rats as a function of assay time, [GTP], [ATP], and [Mg2+]. Nuclear membrane cholesterol and phospholipid content were significantly elevated in the corpulent animals. Nuclei of corpulent animals were less resistant to salt-induced lysis than nuclei of lean animals, suggesting a change in relative membrane integrity. Together, these results indicate that altered lipid metabolism in a genetic corpulent animal model can lead to changes in nuclear membrane lipid composition, which in turn may alter nuclear membrane NTPase activity and integrity. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intratendinous ossification in birds: A review (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 226 (1995), S. 47-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Intratendinous ossification (tenostosis; Tendo ossificans) is a distinct structural form feature of the avian musculoskeletal system with different definitions in terms of morphogenesis, resultant morphology, and functional role(s). Interpretation of these structural elements and their pattern(s) among avian taxa at different systematic levels is reviewed with regard to age-related changes in tendon, form features in avian phylogeny, and adaptive features in biomechanics and kinematics of locomotion. Specific examples of patterns in the musculoskeletal elements of the head and hyolingual system, axial (vertebral) system, and the limbs in several avian taxa are given. A series of questions is formulated as a prospectus for further study. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052260105
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