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  • Electronic Resource  (2)
  • 1995-1999  (2)
  • Apolipoprotein E  (1)
  • Key words:Foreign exchange rates, intra-daily, heterogeneous, distribution ¶JEL classification:F31, G15, E44 ¶Mathematics Subject Classification (1991):90-02, 62-07, 62P20  (1)
Material
  • Electronic Resource  (2)
Years
  • 1995-1999  (2)
Year
Keywords
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1122
    Keywords: Key words:Foreign exchange rates, intra-daily, heterogeneous, distribution ¶JEL classification:F31, G15, E44 ¶Mathematics Subject Classification (1991):90-02, 62-07, 62P20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. This paper presents stylized facts concerning the spot intra-daily foreign exchange markets. It first describes intra-daily data and proposes a set of definitions for the variables of interest. Empirical regularities of the foreign exchange intra-daily data are then grouped under three major topics: the distribution of price changes, the process of price formation and the heterogeneous structure of the market. The stylized facts surveyed in this paper shed new light on the market structure that appears composed of heterogeneous agents. It also poses several challenges such as the definition of price and of the time-scale, the concepts of risk and efficiency, the modeling of the markets and the learning process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Alzheimer's disease ; Apolipoprotein E ; Age at onset ; Relative risk
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of the apolipoprotein E (apoE) genotype on the age at onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the relative risk conferred by the apoE ε4 allele were studied in 91 patients and 69 healthy age-matched controls. According to the age of presentation, which varied from 44 to 95 years, subjects were divided into four groups. The inheritance of at least one ɛ4 allele was associated with a significant reduction of the age at onset by 7.7 years among patients who were 83 years or older when examined. A weaker inverse relationship between the ɛ4 allele and the age at onset was also observed among patients who were aged 44–63 years at presentation. The effect of the c4 allele was minimal or absent in the two intermediate age categories. The relative risk of AD conferred by the inheritance of at least one £4 allele showed no consistent age-related pattern. The overall risk expressed as an odds ratio was 5.0 (95% CI 2.4–10.5). With respect to the limitations of the study, we tentatively conclude (1) that the effect of the apoE ɛ4 allele on the age at onset is not restricted to AD patients of a particular age, in accordance with current hypotheses on the role of apoE gene products in the biology of AD; (2) that the relative risk of AD associated with the ɛ4 allele is not significantly modulated by age. Although the apoE ɛ4 allele is an important susceptibility factor for AD occurring in middle age as well as in later life, it is of limited value in routine clinical diagnosis and should not be used for predictive testing in asymptomatic individuals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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