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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NITRIC OXIDE, ENDOTHELIN AND NEPHRON TRANSPORT: POTENTIAL INTERACTIONS (1999)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 26 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. Nitric oxide (NO) is produced and/or regulates transport in many segments of the nephron, including the proximal convoluted tubule, proximal straight tubule, thick ascending limb, cortical collecting duct and inner medullary collecting duct.2. Endothelin (ET) is produced and/or regulates nephron transport in many of the segments that produce NO or in which transport is regulated by NO.3. Four potential interactions between NO and ET are: (i) NO and ET may be antagonistic; (ii) NO and ET may be complementary; (iii) the effects of ET may be mediated via NO; and (iv) the effects of NO may be mediated by ET.4. In conclusion, direct studies examining the interactions between NO and ET are few. However, circumstantial evidence suggests there may be many interactions between NO and ET in the regulation of nephron transport. In particular, recent data obtained from the collecting duct and thick ascending limb indicate that the effects of ET may be mediated by the production of NO and stimulation of its second messenger cascade.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1681.1999.03028.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    LONG-TERM INCREASES IN RENAL SYMPATHETIC NERVE ACTIVITY AND HYPERTENSION (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 24 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. Essential hypertensive patients have been characterized by increased sympathetic nerve activity, increased peripheral vascular tone, decreased plasma volume and normal cardiac output when compared with normotensive subjects. Bilateral renal denervation reduces the magnitude or delays the onset of the blood pressure response in numerous models of experimental hypertension regardless of the aetiology of the elevation in arterial pressure.2. Using a servocontrolled intrarenal infusion system, we have elevated intrarenal noradrenaline concentration via intermittent renal artery infusion without decreasing renal blood flow as a method of simulating selective elevation of renal sympathetic outflow.3. Chronic intrarenal adrenergic stimulation increased arterial pressure within 24 h and this hypertension persisted for 28 consecutive days. The elevated arterial pressure was not associated with sustained increases in plasma renin activity, aldosterone, circulating catecholamines, arginine vasopressin or significant renal vasoconstriction. Urinary sodium excretion was chronically elevated and the dogs remained in negative sodium balance for the duration of the intrarenal noradrenaline infusion.4. After 2 weeks of elevated intrarenal neurotransmitter coupled with hypertension, renal vascular reactivity to further adrenergic stimulation was significantly increased because the hypertension was maintained during continual reductions in the daily dosage of neurotransmitter allowed to be infused by the servocontroller. After only 28 days of noradrenaline infusion, renal vascular hypertrophy developed in vessels from 150–300 μm.5. We conclude that selective and intermittent increases in intrarenal adrenergic neurotransmitter are sufficient to elicit chronic hypertension in the absence of volume expansion. This intrarenal neuroadrenergic hypertension is closely associated with the haemodynamic parameters which characterize a major subset of human essential hypertensives.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1997.tb01786.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the discrepancy principle for iterative and parametric methods to solve linear ill-posed equations (1996)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 75 (1996), S. 99-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: Mathematics Subject Classification (1991):65J20, 65R30
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary. For the numerical solution of (non-necessarily well-posed) linear equations in Banach spaces we consider a class of iterative methods which contains well-known methods like the Richardson iteration, if the associated resolvent operator fulfils a condition with respect to a sector. It is the purpose of this paper to show that for given noisy right-hand side the discrepancy principle (being a stopping rule for the iteration methods belonging to the mentioned class) defines a regularization method, and convergence rates are proved under additional smoothness conditions on the initial error. This extends similar results obtained for positive semidefinite problems in Hilbert spaces. Then we consider a class of parametric methods which under the same resolvent condition contains the method of the abstract Cauchy problem, and (under a weaker resolvent condition) the iterated method of Lavrentiev. A modified discrepancy principle is formulated for them, and finally numerical illustrations are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002110050232
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lung cancer mortality among European rock/slag wool workers: exposure-response analysis (1998)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 9 (1998), S. 411-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: Europe ; dose-response ; lung cancer ; man-made vitreous fibers ; men ; occupation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objectives: The purpose was to analyze the relationship between semi-quantitative indices of exposure to man-made vitreous fibers and lung cancer mortality among European rock/slag wool (RSW) workers. Methods: The study population comprised 9,603 male workers employed in RSW production in seven factories in Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Germany, followed up for mortality as of 1990-91. Estimates of past exposure to respirable fibers were used to calculate cumulative exposure with a 15-year lag and maximum annual exposure based on employment history up to 1977. Rate ratios were estimated via multivariate Poisson regression, adjusting for country, age, calendar year, time since first employment, and employment status. Results: A total of 159 lung cancer deaths were included in the analysis of which 97 among workers with more than one year of employment. We found nonstatistically significant trends in lung cancer risk according to cumulative exposure. Relative risks (RR) in the four quartiles were 1.0 (reference), 1.3 (95 percent confidence interval [CI]=0.8-2.4), 1.2 (CI=0.7-2.1), and 1.5 (CI=0.7-3.0, P test for trend=0.4). When workers with less than one year of employment were excluded, there was no increased risk; the RRs in the four quartiles were 1.0, 0.9 (CI=0.4-2.0), 0.8 (CI=0.3-1.9), and 1.0 (CI=0.4-2.7). No trend was present according to maximum annual exposure. The results were not consistent among countries. Conclusions: We found a positive association between exposure to respirable fibers and lung cancer mortality. However, the lack of statistical significance, the dependence of the results on inclusion of short-term workers, the lack of consistency among countries, and the possible correlation between exposure to respirable fibers and to other agents reduce the weight of such evidence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008871718323
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    FORMALIZATION OF HILBERT'S GEOMETRY OF INCIDENCE AND PARALLELISM (1997)
    Springer
    Synthese 〈Dordrecht〉 110 (1997), S. 127-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0964
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract Three things are presented: How Hilbert changed the original construction postulates of his geometry into existential axioms; In what sense he formalized geometry; How elementary geometry is formalized to present day's standards.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004959405270
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The conjugate gradient method for linear ill-posed problems with operator perturbations (1999)
    Springer
    Numerical algorithms 20 (1999), S. 1-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9265
    Keywords: ill-posed problems ; first kind integral equations ; conjugate gradient-type methods ; minimal error method ; regularization schemes ; discrepancy principle ; parameter estimation problems ; 65J20 ; 65R30 ; 45E99 ; 65N38
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We consider an ill-posed problem Ta = f* in Hilbert spaces and suppose that the linear bounded operator T is approximately available, with a known estimate for the operator perturbation at the solution. As a numerical scheme the CGNR-method is considered, that is, the classical method of conjugate gradients by Hestenes and Stiefel applied to the associated normal equations. Two a posteriori stopping rules are introduced, and convergence results are provided for the corresponding approximations, respectively. As a specific application, a parameter estimation problem is considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019139414435
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The jaw and chronic pain syndromes (1999)
    Springer
    Manuelle Medizin 37 (1999), S. 143-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0466
    Keywords: Key words TMJ • Pain • Treatment ; interdisciplinary • CMS • CMD ; Schlüsselwörter Kiefergelenk • Schmerz ; interdisziplinär • Behandlung • CMS • CMD
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Autoren berichten von ihren Beobachtungen aus einer mehr als 10-jährigen Zusammenarbeit auf dem Gebiet funktioneller Therapie des chronischen Schmerzes und stellen ihre Schlußfolgerungen für den Gebrauch in der täglichen Praxis dar. Chronische Schmerzsyndrome wie chronische Kopfschmerzen, atypische Gesichtsschmerzen, aber auch Schmerzen im Bereich des Beckenbodens sind mit Dysfunktionen im kraniomandibulären System (CMS) vergesellschaftet. Im Falle eines Chronifizierungsgrads III nach Gerbershagen findet man in 100 % eine kraniomandibuläre Dysfunktion (CMD). Schmerzsyndrome können von Dysfunktionen der Kiefergelenke, des gesamten kraniomandibulären Systems bzw. der Okklusion ausgelöst oder unterhalten werden. Die Beeinflussung kann auch in genau entgegengesetzter Richtung erfolgen. Eine CMD kann primär stumm sein, aber durch negative funktionelle Beeinflussung der Regelsystme des Körpers Fernwirkung zeigen. Aus diesem Grunde ist bei schmerzkranken Patienten die Untersuchung und das Erkennen von Dysfunktionen der Kiefergelenke, gegebenenfalls deren Therapie, in interdisziplinärer und simultaner Zusammenarbeit erforderlich. Ein vereinfachtes Untersuchungsinventar sollte jedem schmerztherapeutisch Arbeitenden geläufig sein, um entsprechende Fragen an den zahnärztlichen interdisziplinären Partner stellen, die Antworten bewerten und den Therapiefortgang kontrollieren zu können.
    Notes: Summary The authors report their findings which are based on 10 years of interdisciplinary cooperation in the treatment of chronic pain patients. They point out the practical use of their findings in daily practice. Chronic pain syndromes such as headaches, atypical facial pain but also pelvic pain are communicated with dysfunctions of the craniomandibular system (CMS). In Gerbershagen III, craniomandibular dysfunction (CMD) is found in 100 % of the cases. CMD and malocclusion can both cause and feed chronic pain syndromes. Otherwise chronic pain syndromes can also cause and feed CMDs. In detail CMD may show no clinical signs, but give dysfunctional information to structures, that are anatomically far from distant to the CMS. For this reason it is absolutely necessary that chronic pain patients be diagnosed by means of a manual diagnostic scheme of CMS to provide an interdisciplinary, simultanous therapeutic approach. All staff members of pain centers should know the diagnostic screening methods for which they should contact their gnathologists, ask them what is necessary, being able to understand their answers, and having a chance to check the therapeutic effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003370050121
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bilateral asymmetry in bone weight at various skeletal sites of the rat (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 241 (1995), S. 284-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Bilateral Asymmetr ; Bone Weight ; Rat Skeleton ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Morphological and funtional asymmery in the limbs has generally been regarded as a human characteristic that is of genetic or of the geneic and environmental origin. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of lateral dominance in bone weight of the forelimb of the rat.Methods: Wistar rats (77) were used, 45 Controls and 32 experimental animals, implanted with a steel weight subcutaneously under the light forelimb. Bones exmined for bilateral asymmetry in bone weight were the mandibula, the bones of fore- and hindlimbs, calcaneus, and talus of the tarsus. The Weight of eact dr done was measured to the nearest milligram.Results: Significant bilateral asymmetry in the forelimb was evident in male and female rats, with the left sidehaving more bone mass than the right. Bilaterial difference were more pronounced in the females than the male rats. Greater asymmetr was evident in the experimental group compared to the control rats.Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that asymmetry is present not only in humans, but also in lower animals such as rats. Greater asymmery in the experiemntal rat group is indicative of the influence of environmental factors or physical stress on asymmetry. We conclude that genetics might control the development of asymmetr, but physical stress may alter the functional expression of the asymmetry. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092410215
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