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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eine einfache Technik zur quantitativen Auswertung von Dünnschicht-Chromatogrammen (1976)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 9 (1976), S. 211-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ein neues Verfahren wird beschrieben, das die quantitative Auswertung von Dünnschicht-Chromatogrammen erlaubt. Nach der auf DC-Fertigfolien durchgeführten Trennung werden die Zonen ausgeschnitten und die Substanzen mit einem neuen, unkomplizierten Gerät quantitativ aus dem Sorbens eluiert. In den Eluaten erfolgen die Bestimmungen mit den üblichen analytischen Methoden — vorzugsweise der Spektralphotometrie. An Hand von Beispielen wird die Genauigkeit der Folien-Elutions-Methode demonstriert.
    Notes: Summary A new method is described for the quantitative evaluation of thin-layer chromatograms. After the substances have been separated by TLC on precoated sheets the spots are cut out and the substances can be eluted from the adsorbent by a new simple apparatus with a suitable solvent. In the eluate the quantitative determination is done by means of the usual analytical methods, especially spectrophotometric measurements. Some examples illustrate the precision with which the sheet elution method can be carried out.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02276327
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time-dependent mixing and demixing processes in binary lipid monolayers studied by mixed and separate spreading using film pressure and film potential measurements (1991)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 269 (1991), S. 1026-1038 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Monomolecular films, single and mixed ; film pressure ; film potential ; spreading techniques ; lipids and phospholipids ; mixing properties
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Using both spreading techniques — mixed spreading and separate spreading- and, simultaneously, film pressure and film potential measurements, the mixing behavior of the following five binary systems was investigated and compared: 1) system 1,2-dilauroyl-phosphatidylethanolamine/cholesterol; 2) system 1,2-dimyristoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine/cholesterol; 3) system 1,2-dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine/cholesterol; 4) system Na-eicosyl sulphate/hexadecanol; 5) system phosphatidic acid/1,2-dimyristoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine. Analyzing the time and concentration dependence of the π/a isotherms and Δv/a isotherms (πs = film pressure, Δv s potential,a=average area per molecule in mixed films in the monolayers) of the binary monolayers it can be concluded that the components of the binary systems 1–4 are complete miscible in the monolayers. On the other hand the components of the system 5 are probably partially miscible only.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00657433
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term persistence of specific T- and B-lymphocyte responses to Borrelia burgdorferi following untreated neuroborreliosis (1990)
    Springer
    Infection 18 (1990), S. 263-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Verlaufsuntersuchungen von 56 Patienten, die vor fünf bis 23 Jahren an einer antibiotisch nicht behandelten, akuten monophasischen Neuroborreliose erkrankt waren, zeigten signifikant positive IgG-Antikörpertiter fürBorrelia burgdorferi im Serum und Liquor von 20 Patienten (IFT, ELISA,B. burgdorferi-spezifischer IgG-Westernblot,B. burgdorferi-spezifischer IEF-IgG-Immunoblot). Neun von zehn getesteten Patienten wiesen eine signifikant positive T-Zellproliferationsantwort gegenüber dem gesamtenB. burgdorferi-Antigen mit einem mittleren (±SEM) Stimulationsindex von 7.2±1.8 auf. Da die untersuchten Patienten keine oder nur leichte bis mittelgradige Residualsymptome ohne irgendeinen Hinweis auf eine chronisch-progressive Krankheit hatten, interpretierten wir die Langzeit-Persistenz der spezifischen T- und B-Lymphozytenantworten fürB. burgdorferi als ein “immunologisches Narbensyndrom”. Abschließend werden diagnostische Kriterien der aktiven Neuroborreliose vorgeschlagen.
    Notes: Summary Follow-up studies on 56 patients who suffered from antibiotically untreated, acute, monophasic neuroborreliosis five to 23 years ago revealed significant positive levels of IgG antibodies toBorrelia burgdorferi (Bb) in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 20 patients (IFT, ELISA, Bb-specific IgG Western blot, Bb-specific IEF-IgG immunoblot). Nine of 10 tested patients had a definitely positive T-cell proliferative response to wholeB. burgdorferi, with a mean (±-SEM) stimulation index of 7.2±1.8. Because the patients studied exhibited no, or only mild to medium sequelae without any evidence of a chronic-progressive disease, we interpret the long-term persistence of specific T- and B-lymphocyte responses toB. burgdorferi as an “immunological scar syndrome”. Finally, diagnostic criteria of active neuroborreliosis are proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01646998
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Versuch einer Rekonstruktion des Fang- und Tötungsvorgangs bei Steinmardern nach Kadaveruntersuchungen (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of wildlife research 39 (1993), S. 131-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0574
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In order to evaluate the humane killing of stone martens using traps, the following parameters were investigated for 115 marten cadavers: hematomas, shot wounds, skull fractures, enamel splintering, and cyanotic discolouration of the gastrointestinal tract. Of the animals analyzed, 25% were killed with firearms, 37% demonstrated enamel splintering, and 22% showed skull fractures. A more detailed reconstruction of the mortality due to the above combinations of parameters shows that a high proportion of martens were not immediately killed by the traps set. Hence, the regulations stipulated in the federal hunting law are not fulfilled in a great number of cases. A systematic testing of the traps used is thus absolutely necessary.
    Abstract: Résumé Afin de permettre l'évaluation d'un procédé visant à tuer les martres par piégeage tout en respectant les lois en matière de protection des animaux, on a relevé les paramètres suivants sur 115 cadavres: hématomes, lésions causées par le tir, fractures du crâne, esquilles d'émail dentaire et colorations cyanotiques du tractus gastro-intestinal. Les armes à tir ont tué 25% des animaux, 37% recèlent des esquilles d'émail dentaire, 22% présentent des fractures crâniennes. Une reconstitution plus précise des causes de mortalité par combinaison des paramètres avancés ci-dessus fait apparaître que, pour un grand nombre de martres capturées, la mort ne fut pas instantanée. Les dispositions telles qu'elles figurent dans la loi fédérale allemande ne sont donc pas correctement respectées. Une vérification systématique des pièges s'impose dès lors de façon urgente.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zur Beurteilung der tierschutzgerechten Tötung von Mardern, die durch die Fallenjagd zur Strecke kamen, wurden an 115 Marderkadavern folgende Parameter erhoben: Hämatome, Schußwunden, Schädelfrakturen, Zahnschmelzabsplitterungen und zyanotische Verfärbungen des Magen-Darm-Traktes. Mit Schußwaffen wurden 25% der Tiere getötet. 37% wiesen Zahnschmelzabsplitterungen auf und bei 22% fanden sich Schädelfrakturen. Eine nähere Rekonstruktion der Todesursachen durch Kombination der oben angeführten Parameter läßt auf einen hohen Anteil von Mardern schließen, die in Totschlagfallen nicht sofort tödlich gefangen wurden. Die im Bundesjagdgesetz festgelegten Anforderungen werden danach weitgehend nicht erfüllt. Eine systematische Überprüfung der Fallen ist dringend erforderlich.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02285325
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction of Na+, K+, Li+ and Ca2+ ions in Tris-HCl buffer substrate with monolayers of phosphatidic acid and homologous phosphatidic acid alkyl esters (1991)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 269 (1991), S. 1157-1170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Monolayer ; filmpotential ; filmpressure ; ioninteraction ; filmcondensation ; phospholipids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The interaction of ions (Na+, K+, Li+, Ca2+) with monolayers of phosphatidic acid alkyl esters (alkyl = methyl, ethyl,n-propyl,n-pentyl) were investigated at the air/water interface on Tris-HCl buffer, as well as on the electrolytes containing subphases. Qualitatively it can be stated that there are no considerable interactions between Na+ ions in the substrate and the head groups of phosphatidic acid esters in the monolayers. On the whole, the modification of the shape in the π/a and Δv/a isotherms (π s = film pressure, Δv s = film potential) of the homologous phosphatidic acid esters as a function of the length of the ester group on the subphase containing NaCl, KCl, and LiCl corresponds to that on Tris-HCl buffer without admixture of electrolytes. On the other hand the strength of interaction between Ca2+ ions and the homologous phosphatidic acid esters depends on the length of the ester group. The “film-condensing effect” of Ca2+ ions becomes smaller with increasing length of the ester group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00654124
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calculation of transitions in intense laserfields with the Magnus expansion (1975)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 274 (1975), S. 23-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract For bound quantum systems in presence of strong long wavelength electromagnetic fields the time evolution operator is calculated by application of the Magnus expansion in the interaction picture. We find that the first two orders of the Magnus expansion of the interaction picture time evolution operator contain both the momentum-translation transform of H.R. Reiss and terms which give rise to a non-static Stark-effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01421031
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization of cyclic acetals. II. Synthesis of amphiphilic block copolymers (1990)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 28 (1990), S. 3145-3154 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The sequential copolymerization of 1,3,6-trioxacyclooctane (TOC) and 1,3-dioxolane (DOL) (B) with various vinyl monomers (A) was investigated. Under appropriate conditions amphiphilic block copolymers of the type AB and ABA were formed. The reaction mixtures and the isolated polymers were analyzed by GPC (double detection - IR and UV at 254 nm), IR, 1H-, and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Block copolymers with chosen molecular weights and low polydispersity could be obtained only by sequential copolymerization of p-methoxystyrene on “living” TOC. In the polymerization of DOL with α-methylstyrene and i-butyl vinyl ether (IBVE) transfer reactions take place to a larger degree.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1990.080281120
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beiträge zur Chemie der Alkylverbindungen der übergangsmetalle. XXV [1]. Darstellung und Eigenschaften des [Ti(CH2CN)4 · 2 THF]n (1977)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 437 (1977), S. 210-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Contributions to the Chemistry of Transition Metal Alkyl Compounds. XXV. Preparation and Properties of [Ti(CH2CN)4 · 2 THF]nTetracyanomethyl titanium, [Ti(CH2CN)4 · 2 THF]n, can be prepared by reaction of TiCl4 with LiCH2CN in form of a tetrahydrofuran complex. The brown, stable compound, which seems to be a coordination polymer, was characterized by i.r. and 1H-n.m.r. spectra.
    Notes: Tetracyanmethyltitan läßt sich durch Reaktion von Titan(IV)-chlorid mit Cyanmethyllithium als braune, thermisch recht beständige, offensichtlich koordinationspolymere Verbindung der Formel [Ti(CH2CN)4 · 2 THF]n gewinnen. Eine nähere Charakterisierung erfolgte mittels des IR- und des 1H-NMR-Spektrums.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19774370130
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Side chain liquid crystalline polymethacrylates with three-ring azobenzene groups (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 43 (1992), S. 283-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Der Einfluß von drei aromatischen Ringen in den Azobenzenmesogenen auf den LC-Charakter von Seitenkettenpolymethylacrylaten wird gezeigt. Die 3-Ringazobenzengruppen weisen Retardierungs- und Inhibierungseffekte in der radikalischen Methacrylatpolymerisation auf. Deshalb mußten die Polymerisationsbedingungen modifiziert werden. Dimethyl-formamid erwies sich dabei als ein Lösungsmittel, das zu hohen Polymerausbeuten und befriedigenden Molmassen führt. Das Phasenverhalten der erhaltenen SCLC-Polymethacrylate und ihrer Monomere wurde durch Röntgen- und DSC-Untersuchungen sowie mittels Polarisationsmikroskopie in Abhängigkeit von der Spacerlänge charakterisiert. Die Polymethacrylate mit Dreiringazobenzenmesogenen zeigen signifikant höhere Glasumwandlungs- und Klärtemperaturen als Zweiringanaloge. Der Wechsel in der LC-Phasenanordnung von smektisch C zu smektisch B mit ansteigender Spacerlänge wird mit der besseren Beweglichkeit der Mesogene erklärt.
    Notes: The influence of three aromatic rings in the azobenzene mesogenic moities on the LC character of side chain polymethacrylates is described. The three-ring azobenzene groups exhibit some retardation and inhibition effect during the radical methacrylate polymerization. Therefore the polymerization conditions had to be modified. Dimethylformamide was found to be a solvent realizing high polymer yields and satisfactory molar masses. The phase behaviour of the obtained SCLC polymethacrylates and of their monomers is characterized by X-ray, DSC and polarizing microscopy in dependence of spacer length. The polymethacrylates with three-ring azobenzene mesogens show significant higher glass transition and clearing temperatures than two-ring analogues. The change in the liquid crystalline phase arrangement from smectic C to smectic B with increasing spacer length is explained by the better movability of the mesogens.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1992.010430509
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