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  • Electronic Resource  (5)
  • 1990-1994  (5)
  • Trauma  (2)
  • Acute tolerance  (1)
  • Blood vessels  (1)
  • Calorcoris angustatus  (1)
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Material
  • Electronic Resource  (5)
Years
  • 1990-1994  (5)
Year
Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of p-chlorophenylalanine on microvascular permeability changes in spinal cord trauma (1990)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 79 (1990), S. 595-603 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Trauma ; Spinal cord injury ; Microvascular permeability ; Serotonin ; p-Chlorophenylalanine (p-CPA)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The possibility that serotonin can take part in the initiation of the increased microvascular permeability occurring in a spinal cord trauma was investigated in a rat model with 131I-sodium and lanthanum as tracers. We influenced the serotonin content in the tissue pharmacologically by treating animals with a serotonin synthesis inhibitor, p-chlorophenylalanine (p-CPA), before the production of the injury and compared the results with injured, untreated controls. A small incision was made in the dorsal horn of the lower thoracic cord. It caused a progressive extravasation of 131I-sodium in the damaged segment, measured after 1,2 and 5 h. Rostral and caudal segments also showed a significant but lower accumulation of 131I-sodium. Lanthanum added to the fixative was used as an ionic tracer detectable by electron microscopy. The endothelial cells of microvessels removed from the perifocal region after 5 h showed a marked increase in the number of lanthanum-filled vesicles. Many endothelial cells had a diffuse penetration of the tracer into the cytoplasm and the basement membrane. However, the tight junctions usually remained closed to lanthanum. Pretreatment with p-CPA markedly reduced the extravasation of 131I-sodium measured at 5 h in the traumatized cord. At the cellular level, the endothelial vesicles filled with lanthanum approached the condition of uninjured animals. The diffuse infiltration of lanthanum into endothelial cells and its spread into the basement membrane of the vascular wall were usually absent. Our results indicate that serotonin plays a role in the initiation of the increased microvascular permeability which occurs in spinal cord injuries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294236
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Edema formation and cellular alterations following spinal cord injury in the rat and their modification with p-chlorophenylalanine (1990)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 79 (1990), S. 604-610 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Trauma ; Spinal cord injury ; Edema ; Serotonin ; p-CPA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The possibility that serotonin can modify the early pathological sequences occurring in spinal cord trauma was investigated in a rat model. To that end we took advantage of the possibility of influencing serotonin pharmacologically by treating animals with a serotonin synthesis inhibitor, p-chlorophenylalanine (p-CPA) before the production of the injury and compared the results with injured, untreated controls. A unilateral incision was made into the dorsal horn of the lower thoracic cord (about 2.5 mm deep, 4.5 mm long) and the trauma. The injured region from untreated animals showed macroscopically at that time a pronounced swelling and the water content had increased by 3.5% as compared to intact controls. The segments rostral and caudal to the lesion also exhibited a profound increase in water content. Light microscopy revealed a significant expansion of the spinal cord as compared to controls. The swelling was most pronounced in the gray matter on the injured side. Electron microscopy showed distorted neurons, swollen astrocytes and extracellular edema in the gray matter in and around the primary lesion. There was also a sponginess in the surrounding white matter with disruption of myelin, collapsed axons and widened periaxonal spaces. Pretreatment of the rats with p-CPA significantly reduced the swelling of the injured spinal cord and there was no visible expansion. The ipsilateral edema in the central gray matter was considerable less pronounced as compared to that in untreated animals. The increase in water content was less than 1% in these animals. The neuronal and glial cell changes were also markedly reduced in the drugtreated rats. The disruption of myelin and the vacuolation of the gray matter were much less severe. Our results show that p-CPA can markedly modify the edema and the cellular changes occurring in the traumatic spinal injury and indicate that serotonin is somehow involved in the production of the early, and thus important, pathological events.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294237
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vascular permeability of spinal nerve roots (1990)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 81 (1990), S. 148-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Spinal nerve roots ; Blood vessels ; Vascular permeability ; Lanthanum ; Evans blue
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The permeability of blood vessels in rat spinal nerve roots was investigated with Evans blue-albumin as an in vivo macromolecular tracer and lanthanum as tracers as an electron microscopic ionic marker added to a fixative. Rats injected intravenously with Evans blue, showed macroscopic distinct staining of dorsal root ganglia, whereas spinal nerve roots remained unstained. Fluorescence microscopy, however, revealed clear extravascular fluorescence both in ventral and dorsal roots 2 or 18 h after tracer administration. Two different types of blood vessels exists in spinal nerve root; large extrinsic (radicular) in the root sheath and minute intrinsic vessels in the parenchyma. Lanthanum added to a fixative, perfused through the vessels was detected in the lumen of both types of vessels, usually adhering to the luminal plasma membrane and in many invaginations from that membrane. Lanthanum also entered the clefts between endothelial cells but was always stopped at the junctions which are, thus, of the tight type. Diffuse penetration of the compound into the cytoplasm was seen in one endothelial cell, but no fenestrations were detected. Junctions between the endothelial cells of vessel in rat spinal nerve roots are impermeable to lanthanum and most likely also to other large molecular substances like albumin. Thus, probable routes for serum albumin to enter the nerve rools, where it normally is present, must be either by centripetal extracellular diffusion from the ganglia and the peripheral nerve or by vascular leakage in the roots, caused by for instance pinocytosis across endothelial cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00334503
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Initial sensitivity, acute tolerance and alcohol consumption in fischer 344 and long evans rats (1991)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 105 (1991), S. 175-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Initial sensitivity ; Acute tolerance ; Alcohol consumption ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In separate groups of Fischer 344 and Long Evans rats, initial sensitivity and acute tolerance to ethanol were determined in a jumping test. Sensitivity measurements in each strain were carried out in separate subgroups at ethanol doses of 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 g/kg IP. Similarly, acute tolerance was measured in different subgroups of each strain using the method of two successive doses of ethanol (2 + 0.4 g/kg; 2 + 0.7 g/kg and 2 + 1.0 g/kg, respectively). After completion of sensitivity and acute tolerance measurement, acute tolerance was then tested in all rats. Based on their acute tolerance values, they were divided into three groups: high, medium, and low. Two weeks after the last acute tolerance test, six rats from each group (i.e., the six highest and six lowest from the high and low acute tolerance groups, respectively, and six from the midrange of the medium tolerance group) were tested for voluntary ethanol drinking in the limited access model. Long Evans rats had lower initial CNS sensitivity to ethanol-induced impairment of jumping performance than Fischer 344 rats. Long Evans rats also drank significantly more alcohol than the Fischer 344 but there was no significant difference in acute tolerance development between these two strains. Moreover, within each strain the rats differing in acute tolerance development (i.e., high, medium, and low) showed no difference in alcohol consumption. These results suggest that acute tolerance development is not the main determinant of differences in ethanol drinking.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02244305
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genotypic resistance in sorghum to head bug, Calocoris angustatus Lethiery (1991)
    Springer
    Euphytica 58 (1991), S. 193-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Calorcoris angustatus ; head bug ; host-plant resistance ; mirid ; Sorghum bicolor ; sorghum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Sorghum head bug, Calocoris angustatus Leth., is an important pest of grain sorghum. We screened nearly 15000 germplasm accessions for resistance to this pest between 1980 and 1990 under natural and headcage conditions. Data were recorded on bug numbers, grain damage (1 = highly resistant the 5 = highly susceptible), and seed germination. Under natural conditions, 34 genotypes suffered moderate levels of grain damage (damage rating (DR) 1.7 to 2.9) compared with a DR of 4.0 to 4.6 in the susceptible controls CSH 1, CSH 5 and CSH 9. IS 17610, IS 17645, IS 21444, IS 19948, IS 25069 and IS 19949 suffered a DR of less than three, and harbored less than 150 bugs/panicle compared with a DR of 4.3 to 4.7, and 248 to 353 bugs/panicle in the susceptible controls CSH 1, CSH 5 and CSH 9 when infested under headcage with 5 pairs of bugs/panicle. IS 18274, IS 20664, IS 20059, IS 25069, and IS 19951 had 150 to 300 bugs/panicle but suffered moderate levels of grain damage (DR less than 3), while the reverse was true in case of IS 8064, IS 19455, IS 19955, IS 20024, IS 20740, IS 23627, IS 2761, and IS 9692. During the 1989 rainy season, IS 14108, IS 17610, IS 17618, IS 17645, IS 19949, IS 19950, IS 19957, IS 20068, IS 25760, IS 27452, IS 27477 and IS 27329 suffered moderate levels of grain damage when infested with 5 and 10 pairs of bugs/panicle, and recorded more than 80% seed germination compared with a DR of 3.9 to 5.0, and seed germination of 15–18% in the susceptible controls CSH 1, CSH 5 and CSH 9. There is a considerable diversity in the genotypes resistant to head bugs, and attempts should be made to transfer the resistance into agronomically acceptable cultivars.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00025250
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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